Molten Media Patents (Class 423/DIG12)
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Patent number: 4552667Abstract: Hazardous waste containing organic compound having covalently bound oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and/or phosphorus is reduced with aluminum to less hazardous form.Type: GrantFiled: June 25, 1984Date of Patent: November 12, 1985Inventor: Clifford G. Shultz
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Patent number: 4537835Abstract: A process for oxidizing hydrogen halides having substantially no sulfur impurities by means of a catalytically active molten salt is disclosed. A mixture of the subject hydrogen halide and an oxygen bearing gas is contacted with a molten salt containing an oxidizing catalyst and alkali metal normal sulfates and pyrosulfates to produce an effluent gas stream rich in the elemental halogen and substantially free of sulfur oxide gases.Type: GrantFiled: May 31, 1978Date of Patent: August 27, 1985Assignee: Battelle Memorial InstituteInventors: Charles A. Rohrmann, Harold T. Fullam
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Patent number: 4534956Abstract: A particulate mixture of an alkali metal carbonate solvent, titanium oxide, and an alkaline earth reactant selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, strontium oxide, and mixtures thereof, is heated to melt the alkali metal carbonate solvent in which the reactants dissolve and react precipitating a titanate selected from the group consisting of barium titanate, strontium titanate and mixtures thereof.Type: GrantFiled: March 15, 1984Date of Patent: August 13, 1985Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Ronald H. Arendt, Wayne D. Pasco
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Patent number: 4532113Abstract: A process for treating iron chloride wastes such as those obtained when chlorinating titanium ore is disclosed. The process involves reacting the iron chlorides with limestone in molten CaCl.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O, where x equals 3-6 and separating the resulting iron oxide from the molten CaCl.sub.2.xH.sub.2 O.Type: GrantFiled: September 6, 1983Date of Patent: July 30, 1985Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventors: Tze Chao, Jack K. Nyquist
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Patent number: 4525212Abstract: Decontaminating an aluminum melt by chlorination wherein the melt is blanketed with a layer of molten flux containing calcium oxide to consume any Cl.sub.2 and/or AlCl.sub.3 offgasses from the melt.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1983Date of Patent: June 25, 1985Assignee: General Motors CorporationInventor: Ram A. Sharma
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Patent number: 4499063Abstract: Essentially pure silane, SiH.sub.Type: GrantFiled: September 27, 1983Date of Patent: February 12, 1985Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc Specialities ChimiquesInventors: Jean Grosbois, Serge Jacubert, Jean-Michel Verdier
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Patent number: 4497782Abstract: A method for destroying toxic organic chemical products. The method is particularly adapted for the destruction of polyhalogenated polyphenyls, especially polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The toxic organic chemical product is intimately contacted and reacted with a molten mixture of an alkali metal hydroxide and an alkali metal nitrate, so that it is converted to harmless products which, in the case of PCBs, include a halide salt, at least one carbon oxide, and water. By incorporating a substantial excess of nitrate in the mixture most of the salt is caused to precipitate and to settle out to the bottom for easy removal.Type: GrantFiled: January 16, 1984Date of Patent: February 5, 1985Assignees: S. Garry Howell, Lloyd Watson, William R. Birchall, Larry AllenInventors: Samuel G. Howell, William R. Birchall
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Patent number: 4493784Abstract: A method for dehydrating aluminum chloride hexahydrate which comprises contacting the hexahydrate with a melt consisting essentially of a chlorobasic mixture of aluminum chloride and alkali metal chloride and then treating the resulting mixture with HCl to form an AlCl.sub.3 /alkali metal chloride melt enriched in AlCl.sub.3. NaCl is a preferred alkali metal chloride.Type: GrantFiled: January 30, 1984Date of Patent: January 15, 1985Assignee: Atlantic Richfield CompanyInventors: Gleb Mamantov, Charmaine B. Mamantov
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Patent number: 4489044Abstract: Tungsten monocarbide is prepared by sparging a molten composition comprising an alkali metal halide and an oxygen compound of tungsten with a gas comprising a gaseous hydrocarbon, particularly methane.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 1984Date of Patent: December 18, 1984Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the InteriorInventors: John M. Gomes, Andrea E. Raddatz, Elizabeth G. Baglin
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Patent number: 4469661Abstract: This invention relates to the destruction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other hazardous halogenated hydrocarbons by treating solids contaminated with such to extract the halogenated hydrocarbon, vaporizing extract and contacting the vapor with a bath containing molten metallic aluminum.Type: GrantFiled: April 6, 1982Date of Patent: September 4, 1984Inventor: Clifford G. Shultz
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Patent number: 4460550Abstract: Titanium tetrachloride is produced from titanium ore and reductant suspended in molten salt by the passage of chlorine therethrough. The titanium tetrachloride is scrubbed by passage through at least one scrubber of molten salt and oxidized to produce titanium oxide and chlorine. Chlorine is recaptured as a solute in cold titanium tetrachloride and then liberated and recycled.Type: GrantFiled: May 3, 1983Date of Patent: July 17, 1984Assignee: Kerr-McGee Chemical CorporationInventor: Theodore A. Rado
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Patent number: 4455251Abstract: According to the present invention a saturated aqueous solution comprising at least one alkali metal hydroxide and at least one alkali metal nitrate is provided which can be spray added to a fused anhydrous bath which contains alkali metal materials.Type: GrantFiled: September 20, 1982Date of Patent: June 19, 1984Assignee: Kolene CorporationInventors: William G. Wood, John F. Pilznienski
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Patent number: 4447262Abstract: An organic waste containing halogen is destroyed by treatment in a molten salt pool comprising a mixture of a basic alkaline earth metal compound with an alkaline earth metal halide. An oxygen-containing gas is introduced into the pool containing the waste to produce a gaseous combustion product and to cause the halogen present in the waste to react with the basic alkaline earth metal compound to produce additional alkaline earth metal halide.Type: GrantFiled: May 16, 1983Date of Patent: May 8, 1984Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventors: Richard L. Gay, Arthur L. Kohl, Samuel J. Yosim
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Patent number: 4442075Abstract: A process of chlorinating titanium ore suspended with carbonaceous reductant in molten salt by passage of chlorine therethrough. Titanium tetrachloride produced is purified of by-product metal chlorides by their absorption in the salt as non-volatile double salts.Type: GrantFiled: March 30, 1983Date of Patent: April 10, 1984Assignee: Kerr-McGee Chemical CorporationInventor: Theodore A. Rado
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Patent number: 4434149Abstract: A novel method of activating carbon is provided comprising contacting the carbon with low temperature aluminum chloride acid melts comprising at least 50 mole percent aluminum chloride and less than 50 mole percent of at least one halide salt capable of exhibiting a liquid state at atmospheric conditions, e.g., sodium chloride. Carbon activated according to the present invention is useful as a reductant of the chlorination of aluminous materials to produce anhydrous aluminum chloride.Type: GrantFiled: August 30, 1982Date of Patent: February 28, 1984Assignee: Atlantic Richfield CompanyInventors: James C. Withers, Raouf O. Loutfy
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Patent number: 4420464Abstract: A carbonaceous material containing vanadium is reacted with an oxidizing gas in a molten salt pool containing an alkali metal carbonate. Vanadium values present in the carbonaceous material are converted to water-soluble vanadium compounds which are recovered from the melt and reacted with a strong acid to precipitate the vanadium values as insoluble vanadates. The vanadates are recovered as product or optionally further converted to vanadium pentoxide.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 1981Date of Patent: December 13, 1983Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventor: Kenneth M. Barclay
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Patent number: 4399108Abstract: Spent nuclear fuels, including actinide fuels, volatile and non-volatile fission products, are reprocessed and separated in a molten metal solvent housed in a separation vessel made of a carbon-containing material. A first catalyst, which promotes the solubility and permeability of carbon in the metal solvent, is included. By increasing the solubility and permeability of the carbon in the solvent, the rate at which actinide oxides are reduced (carbothermic reduction) is greatly increased. A second catalyst, included to increase the affinity for nitrogen in the metal solvent, is added to increase the rate at which actinide nitrides form after carbothermic reduction is complete.Type: GrantFiled: January 19, 1982Date of Patent: August 16, 1983Inventors: Oscar H. Krikorian, John Z. Grens, William H. Parrish, Sr.
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Patent number: 4396594Abstract: Sulfur dioxide is converted to elemental surfur by reduction with a carbonaceous material in a reaction zone containing a molten salt. Heat is provided by reacting a portion of the carbonaceous material with oxygen. In a preferred embodiment alkali metal sulfates present in the molten salt are reduced to alkali metal sulfides.Type: GrantFiled: December 28, 1981Date of Patent: August 2, 1983Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventor: Arthur L. Kohl
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Patent number: 4374117Abstract: A particulate mixture of an alkali metal hydroxide solvent, barium oxide in excess of stoichiometric amount, and zirconium oxide in about stoichiometric amount, is heated to melt the hydroxide solvent in which the barium oxide and zirconium oxide dissolve and react precipitating ultrafine barium meta-zirconate (BaZrO.sub.3).Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 1981Date of Patent: February 15, 1983Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventor: Ronald H. Arendt
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Patent number: 4357308Abstract: A fuel gas is desulfurized while hot by contact with a molten alkali salt. The salt is regenerated for further use by contact with a recirculating gas stream. The H.sub.2 S and COS picked up by the recirculating gas stream is scrubbed at low temperature in an aqueous alkaline salt scrub system such as hot potash. H.sub.2 S regenerated from the low temperature alkaline scrub system is subsequently converted to sulfur. By combining both high temperature and low temperature alkali scrubbing in a single dual temperature dual alkali (DTDA) process, the best advantages of both scrub techniques are retained whereas the serious disadvantages of molten salt scrubbing are eliminated.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 1980Date of Patent: November 2, 1982Inventor: Donald C. Erickson
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Patent number: 4308037Abstract: High temperature thermal exchange between molten liquid and a gas stream is effected by generating in a confined flow passageway a plurality of droplets of molten liquid and by passing a gas stream through the passageway in heat exchange relationship with the droplets. The droplets are recovered and adjusted to a predetermined temperature by means of thermal exchange with an external source for recycle. The process provides for removal of undesired solid, liquid or gaseous components.Type: GrantFiled: June 16, 1977Date of Patent: December 29, 1981Assignee: Institute of Gas TechnologyInventors: Herman P. Meissner, Frank C. Schora
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Patent number: 4308299Abstract: A mixture of particulate NiO, a suitable source of Li.sup..sym. cation and an alkali chloride salt solvent is heated to melt the chloride solvent in which the source of Li.sup..sym. cation dissolves along with a portion of the NiO particles forming a solution of lithiated nickel oxide which precipitates onto the undissolved NiO particles forming a black adherent encapsulating coating thereon.Type: GrantFiled: September 26, 1980Date of Patent: December 29, 1981Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventor: Ronald H. Arendt
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Patent number: 4293535Abstract: A particulate mixture of an alkali chloride solvent salt, zirconium oxide and an alkaline earth reactant selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, strontium oxide, and mixtures thereof, is heated to melt the chloride salt solvent in which the zirconium oxide and alkaline earth reactant dissolve and react precipitating a zirconate selected from the group consisting of barium zirconate, strontium zirconate and mixtures thereof.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 1980Date of Patent: October 6, 1981Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventor: Ronald H. Arendt
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Patent number: 4293534Abstract: A particulate mixture of an alkali metal hydroxide solvent, a reactant selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide and mixtures thereof, and an alkaline earth reactant selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, strontium oxide, and mixtures thereof, is heated to melt the alkali metal hydroxide solvent in which the reactants dissolve and react precipitating a titanate, zirconate or solid solutions thereof.Type: GrantFiled: August 22, 1980Date of Patent: October 6, 1981Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventor: Ronald H. Arendt
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Patent number: 4269817Abstract: A process for converting chloride salts and sulfuric acid to sulfate salts and elemental chlorine is disclosed. A chloride salt and sulfuric acid are combined in a furnace where they react to produce a sulfate salt and hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen chloride from the furnace contacts a molten salt mixture containing an oxygen compound of vanadium, an alkali metal sulfate and an alkali metal pyrosulfate to recover elemental chlorine. In the absence of an oxygen-bearing gas during the contacting, the vanadium is reduced, but is regenerated to its active higher valence state by separately contacting the molten salt mixture with an oxygen-bearing gas.Type: GrantFiled: July 27, 1979Date of Patent: May 26, 1981Assignee: Battelle Memorial InstituteInventor: Charles A. Rohrmann
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Patent number: 4246255Abstract: A process for the decomposition of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) with negligible environmental pollution. The process comprises feeding the PCB and a source of oxygen to a molten salt comprising an alkali metal carbonate and preferably also an alkali metal sulfate to decompose the PCB by pyrolysis and oxidation. Some of the resulting decomposition products react with and are retained in the molten salt; the remaining gaseous products pass through the melt and are safely exhaustable to the atmosphere or, alternatively, the PCB is introduced into a first zone for partial pyrolysis and oxidation and then into a second reaction zone for further oxidation of any remaining combustible gases.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 1979Date of Patent: January 20, 1981Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventor: LeRoy F. Grantham
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Patent number: 4244930Abstract: Wet separation at high temperatures of acidic impurities from gases. The gases are scrubbed with a melt of an alkali metal compound in which a solid alkaline earth metal compound is dispersed.Type: GrantFiled: April 9, 1979Date of Patent: January 13, 1981Inventor: Ekkehard Weber
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Patent number: 4243650Abstract: A reaction effluent containing vaporized salt withdrawn from a reaction zone, such as a molten salt reaction zone, is contacted with solid particles to cool the gas and condense vaporized salt onto the particles. Such contacting may be effected in either a fluidized bed of solids or in a dilute phase transport contact zone. Heat is recovered either by indirect heat transfer in the fluidized bed or by separating the solid particles and introduction thereof into a fluidized bed cooled by indirect heat transfer. Solid salt is attrited from the particles during contacting with the reaction gas and fluidizing gas, with such solid salts being returned to the reaction zone.Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 1979Date of Patent: January 6, 1981Assignee: The Lummus CompanyInventor: Utah Tsao
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Patent number: 4234558Abstract: A mixture of lead oxide, niobium pentoxide and an alkali chloride salt solvent is heated to melt the chloride salt solvent in which the lead oxide and niobium pentoxide dissolve and react precipitating orthorhombic lead metaniobate.Type: GrantFiled: October 18, 1979Date of Patent: November 18, 1980Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Ronald H. Arendt, Joseph H. Rosolowski
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Patent number: 4234557Abstract: A mixture of niobium pentoxide, an oxide of an alkali selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, lithium and mixtures thereof, and an alkali chloride salt solvent is heated to melt the chloride salt solvent in which the niobium oxide and alkali oxide dissolve and react precipitating the alkali niobate.Type: GrantFiled: October 18, 1979Date of Patent: November 18, 1980Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Ronald H. Arendt, Joseph H. Rosolowski
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Patent number: 4234436Abstract: A mixture of niobium pentoxide, an oxide of sodium or potassium, an oxide of lead or cadmium, and an alkali chloride salt solvent is heated to melt the chloride salt solvent in which all of the oxides dissolve and react precipitating modified alkali niobate.Type: GrantFiled: October 18, 1979Date of Patent: November 18, 1980Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Ronald H. Arendt, Joseph H. Rosolowski
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Patent number: 4233282Abstract: A particulate mixture of an alkali chloride solvent salt, titanium oxide and an alkaline earth reactant selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, strontium oxide, and mixtures thereof, is heated to melt the chloride salt solvent in which the titanium oxide and alkaline earth reactant dissolve and react precipitating a titanate selected from the group consisting of barium titanate, strontium titanate and mixtures thereof.Type: GrantFiled: October 18, 1979Date of Patent: November 11, 1980Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventor: Ronald H. Arendt
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Patent number: 4209501Abstract: A process for forming a metal chloride of a metal or its compound comprising forming a liquid fused salt bath mixture of at least two metal chlorides with one of the chlorides being selected from the group consisting of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, cupric chloride and cuprous chloride, and introducing the metal or compound into the liquid fused salt bath in the presence of a chlorine source to form the metal chloride and elemental sulfur, and recovering the formed chloride from the liquid fused salt bath mixture. Chlorine gas or sulfur chloride may be introduced into the bath as an additional source of chlorine for reaction with the metal and for the generation of a portion of the ferrous chloride or cuprous chloride into ferric chloride or cupric chloride.Type: GrantFiled: January 4, 1979Date of Patent: June 24, 1980Assignee: Cato Research CorporationInventor: Paul R. Kruesi
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Patent number: 4201760Abstract: A particulate mixture of an alkali chloride solvent salt, a lithium salt reactant selected from the group consisting of lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate and mixtures thereof, and an aluminum salt reactant selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, alpha-alumina, gamma-alumina and mixtures thereof is heated to melt the chloride salt solvent in which the lithium and aluminum salt reactants dissolve and react precipitating lithium meta-aluminate.Type: GrantFiled: February 2, 1979Date of Patent: May 6, 1980Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Ronald H. Arendt, Matthew J. Curran
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Patent number: 4190639Abstract: In the conversion of a metal oxide to a metal chloride by reaction with chlorine and carbon monoxide wherein hydrogen chloride is produced as byproduct, the byproduct hydrogen chloride is contacted with a molten salt mixture containing the higher and lower valent chlorides of a multivalent metal and oxygen to recover the hydrogen chloride by enriching the salt in the higher valent metal chloride. Essentially all of the chlorine values are recovered from the salt by direct contact with all or a portion of the carbon monoxide fresh feed to the metal chloride production, with such carbon monoxide stripping gaseous chlorine from the salt, as well as combining with the chlorine to produce phosgene. The carbon monoxide, chlorine and phosgene are employed in the metal chloride production.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 1978Date of Patent: February 26, 1980Assignee: The Lummus CompanyInventor: Utah Tsao
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Patent number: 4189521Abstract: M-type hexagonal ferrites whose prototype chemical formula (BaFe.sub.12 O.sub.19) contains no zinc and W-type hexagonal ferrites whose prototype chemical formula is (BaZn.sub.2 Fe.sub.16 O.sub.27) can be successfully grown by LPE on spinel substrates having appropriate lattice parameters when controlled quantities of the zinc are present in the melts from which these hexagonal ferrites are grown. Using this growth technique, composites comprising a monocrystalline magnetic M-type or W-type hexagonal ferrite film on a non-magnetic single crystalline spinel substrate are provided.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1977Date of Patent: February 19, 1980Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventors: Howard L. Glass, Frederick S. Stearns, David M. Heinz
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Patent number: 4179492Abstract: A process for forming a metal chloride of a metal or its compound comprising forming a liquid fused salt bath mixture of at least two metal chlorides, the bath having the property of dissolving the formed metal chloride, and introducing the metal or compound into the liquid fused salt bath in the presence of chlorine to form the metal chloride and recovering the formed chloride from the liquid fused salt bath mixture. The metals which may be chlorinated are those from groups 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4a, 5a and 8 of the periodic table and the rare earth metals. Compounds from which the metals may be chlorinated are the sulfides, oxides, carbonates and sulfates. Chlorine may be introduced as such or its source may be a chlorine donor such as ferric chloride or sulfur chloride. The chlorides for the liquid fused salt bath are those of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonia, zinc, and ferric iron. The chlorination can be performed within a temperature range of 150.degree. C.-1000.degree. C.Type: GrantFiled: July 8, 1977Date of Patent: December 18, 1979Assignee: Cato Research Corp.Inventor: Paul R. Kruesi
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Patent number: 4164416Abstract: A process for the recovery of copper or lead from a sulfide ore concentrate containing the same. The ore concentrate, a carbonaceous material, an alkali metal carbonate and gaseous oxygen are introduced into a reaction zone to form a reaction mixture. The amount of carbonaceous material introduced is sufficient to reduce all of the copper or lead constituent of the sulfide ore to its elemental state in a single stage. A sufficient excess of carbonaceous material is provided to react with the oxygen and generate heat in situ to maintain the reaction zone at a temperature of from about 600.degree. to 1350.degree. C. thereby causing reduction of the metal sulfide to substantially pure copper or lead for recovery. The sulfur constituents of the ore react with the alkali metal carbonate to form sulfides. The other metal constituents of the ore are retained in the molten reaction mixture.Type: GrantFiled: July 17, 1978Date of Patent: August 14, 1979Assignee: Rockwell International CorporationInventor: Dennis C. Gehri
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Patent number: 4162963Abstract: In a process for hydrocracking heavy polynuclear carbonaceous feedstocks to produce lighter hydrocarbon fuels by contacting the heavy feedstocks with hydrogen in the presence of a molten metal halide catalyst in a hydrocracking zone, thereafter separating at least a major portion of the lighter hydrocarbon fuels from the spent molten metal halide and thereafter regenerating the spent molten metal halide by incinerating the spent molten metal halide by combustion of carbon and sulfur compounds in the spent molten metal halide in an incineration zone, the improvement comprising: (a) contacting the heavy feedstocks and hydrogen in the presence of the molten metal halide in the hydrocracking zone at reaction conditions effective to convert from about 60 to about 90 weight percent of the feedstock to lighter hydrocarbon fuels; (b) separating at least a major portion of the lighter hydrocarbon fuels from the spent molten metal halide; (c) contacting the spent molten metal halide with oxygen in a liquid phase gasifiType: GrantFiled: July 21, 1978Date of Patent: July 31, 1979Assignees: Continental Oil Company, The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventor: Everett Gorin
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Patent number: 4152281Abstract: Sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride is added to an aqueous suspension of the oxides of lead, titanium and zirconium and stirred until the suspension converts to a gel which is then heated evaporating the water and melting said chloride in which the oxides dissolve and react precipitating lead zirconate titanate.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1978Date of Patent: May 1, 1979Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Ronald H. Arendt, Joseph H. Rosolowski
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Patent number: 4152280Abstract: Sodium chloride and/or potassium chloride is added to an aqueous suspension of the oxides of lead, titanium, zirconium and cationic modifier and stirred until the suspension converts to a gel which is then heated, evaporating the water and melting said chloride in which the oxides dissolve and react precipitating modified lead zirconium titanate.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1978Date of Patent: May 1, 1979Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Ronald H. Arendt, Joseph H. Rosolowski
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Patent number: 4134826Abstract: In a process for hydrocracking heavy polynuclear carbonaceous feedstocks to produce lighter hydrocarbon fuels by contacting the heavy feedstocks with hydrogen in the presence of a molten metal halide catalyst, thereafter separating at least a substantial portion of the carbonaceous material associated with the reaction mixture from the spent molten metal halide and thereafter regenerating the metal halide catalyst, an improvement comprising contacting the spent molten metal halide catalyst after removal of a major portion of the carbonaceous material therefrom with an additional quantity of hydrogen is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: November 2, 1977Date of Patent: January 16, 1979Assignee: Continental Oil CompanyInventor: Everett Gorin
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Patent number: 4132628Abstract: In a process for hydrocracking heavy carbonaceous materials by contacting such carbonaceous materials with hydrogen in the presence of a molten metal halide catalyst to produce hydrocarbons having lower molecular weights and thereafter recovering the hydrocarbons so produced from the molten metal halide, an improvement comprising injecting into the spent molten metal halide, a liquid low-boiling hydrocarbon stream is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: August 12, 1977Date of Patent: January 2, 1979Assignees: Continental Oil Company, The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of EnergyInventor: Melvyn B. Pell
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Patent number: 4120779Abstract: Sulfur-containing petroleum oil feedstocks which include heavy hydrocarbon constituents undergo simultaneous desulfurization and hydroconversion by contacting and reacting such feedstocks with sodamide in the presence of hydrogen and at elevated temperatures. The mixture of reaction products resulting from the above procedure is separated to give a sodium sulfur salt by-product, and a petroleum oil product which has been substantially desulfurized and demetallized, as well as being significantly improved as indicated by a reduced Conradson carbon content and an increased API gravity relative to the feedstock. Sodamide is regenerated from the sodium sulfur salt by-product and can be recycled for reaction with additional feedstock.Type: GrantFiled: August 11, 1976Date of Patent: October 17, 1978Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.Inventors: William Chalmers Baird, Jr., Roby Bearden, Jr., Ralph Louis Bollinger, Jr.
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Patent number: 4119528Abstract: A process for the simultaneous desulfurization and hydroconversion of heavy carbonaceous feeds, including various sulfur-containing heavy petroleum oils, is disclosed. These feedstocks are contacted with potassium sulfide in a conversion zone maintained at elevated temperatures and in the presence of added hydrogen. In this manner, the feeds are substantially desulfurized, and significant upgrading of these feeds is also obtained as demonstrated by decreased Conradson carbon, increased API gravity, and the conversion of substantial portion of the 1,050.degree. F.+ portion of these feeds. In a preferred embodiment, such a process is disclosed employing a combination of potassium sulfide and sodium sulfide, and in particular these processes include procedures for the regeneration of the sulfides and their recycle to the conversion zone.Type: GrantFiled: August 1, 1977Date of Patent: October 10, 1978Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.Inventors: William C. Baird, Jr., Roby Bearden, Jr.
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Patent number: 4113511Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed where aqueous solutions of chemicals are added to fused non-aqueous baths. This is done by spraying the aqueous solution of the chemicals onto the surface of the fused bath in a fine spray, causing the evaporation of the water.Type: GrantFiled: January 17, 1977Date of Patent: September 12, 1978Inventors: Robert H. Shoemaker, William G. Wood
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Patent number: 4110106Abstract: Process for quantitatively converting non-ferrous metals chosen from the group consisting of copper, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, and manganese in an ore concentrate to soluble sulfates and simultaneously convert the ferrous values in the ore to insoluble oxides. The process comprises roasting finely divided ore particles at a temperature in excess of 650.degree. C. in the presence of a roaster gas comprising at least a stoichiometric amount of oxygen and at least 1% SO.sub.2. The roasting is performed in the presence of a sufficient amount of a mixture of salts to allow the formation of a liquid coating on the ore particles. In a preferred embodiment, the mixed salt which forms the liquid coating comprises Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and K.sub.2 SO.sub.4 with the ratio of sodium to potassium being between 1.0 and 2.0.Type: GrantFiled: September 26, 1977Date of Patent: August 29, 1978Assignee: Kennecott Copper CorporationInventor: Theodore C. Frankiewicz
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Patent number: 4108967Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of sulphur hexafluoride comprising the steps of reacting fluorine and molten sulphur, removing lower-boiling by-products, separating a portion of the sulphur hexafluoride from higher-boiling by-products and treating the residue containing the higher-boiling by-products at a temperature between about 450.degree. and 800.degree. C. for a period of time between about 0.1 and 25 seconds. The treatment step may be carried out in the presence of elementary fluorine, and provision may be made for recycling the treated or untreated residue to the reaction stage. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: June 15, 1977Date of Patent: August 22, 1978Assignee: Kali-Chemie AktiengesellschaftInventors: Joachim Massonne, Wilfried Becher
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Patent number: 4107280Abstract: A process for oxidizing hydrogen halides by means of a catalytically active molten salt is disclosed. The subject hydrogen halide is contacted with a molten salt containing an oxygen compound of vanadium and alkali metal sulfates and pyrosulfates to produce an effluent gas stream rich in the elemental halogen. The reduced vanadium which remains after this contacting is regenerated to the active higher valence state by contacting the spent molten salt with a stream of oxygen-bearing gas.Type: GrantFiled: August 1, 1977Date of Patent: August 15, 1978Assignee: Battelle Memorial InstituteInventor: Charles A. Rohrmann
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Patent number: 4097584Abstract: Technical-grade silicon is purified to produce silicon having less than 1 ppm of electrically effective impurities therein, particularly boron and phosphorus, by treating molten technical silicon with a hydrogen containing gas in the presence of water so as to remove such impurities from the molten silicon.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 1977Date of Patent: June 27, 1978Assignee: Siemens AktiengesellschaftInventors: Konrad Reuschel, Norbert Schink