Abstract: A process of reacting finely divided material in a fluidized bed supported by a circular grate in relative circular motion with regard to a cell enclosing an auxiliary bed which has a bottom in free communication with the main fluidized bed and which is in hydrostatic equilibrium with the latter, whereby slag settled on the grate is sorted and extracted.

Abstract: Beneficiation of phosphate rock containing limestone is accomplished by calcining, cooling, slaking and separation of the slaked lime from the phosphate rock product. The cooling, slaking and separation operations are conducted in a fluid bed reactor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing hydrogen chloride, chlorine, chlorides, oxychlorides and metal chlorides from a beneficiate produced by contacting a titaniferous ore with chlorine at high temperatures preferably in the presence of carbon wherein the beneficiate mixed with carbon is contacted at temperatures of about 1000.degree. C. with steam, moist air or moist inert gas. The beneficiate which is essentially titanium dioxide is useful as a starting material for the manufacture of titanium dioxide pigments.

Abstract: Process for the thermal decomposition of aluminum chloride hexahydrate into anhydrous Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, comprising predrying and then decomposition in a fluidization reactor, the said fluidization being ensured by recycled gaseous HCl, and finally heating at the temperature necessary to obtain the desired crystallization state, namely anhydrous Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the said pre-drying being carried out by the gases coming from this final heating.

Abstract: Endothermic processes are carried out in a fluidized-bed reactor which is connected to a holding reactor, solids being recirculated between the two reactors. The primary fluidized-bed reactor uses a fast-fluidized bed system in which the solids concentration decreases continuously from the bottom to the top of the reactor. After the necessary residence time in the holding reactor, solids are discharged. Solids are entrained with the gas stream from the primary reactor and are separated therefrom to be delivered to the holding reactor. The reaction is controlled by regulating the rate of recirculation of solids from the holding reactor to the fast fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for incinerating contaminated salt-bearing solutions in a fluidized bed to which streams of solution, of fuel required for incineration and of combustion air are injected and the quantities of these streams and the quantity of the fluidized bed material are adjusted to safeguard incomplete combustion in the fluidized bed, to maintain the temperature of the bed below the fusion temperature of the salt and to achieve a post-combustion temperature of 800.degree. C and more of the gas emanating from the fluidized bed and reaching the free space above the bed, i.e. the afterburner.

Abstract: Recovery of high purity aluminum chloride is achieved by use of a series of condensers wherein the first condenser is operated at a high temperature of 80.degree.-110.degree. C to insure minimum condensation of other metal chlorides such as titanium chloride, silicon chloride, or the like, while a second condenser operates at a much lower temperature of from 20.degree.-50.degree. C to trap all impurities while reducing the chloride losses to a minimum. The product of the first condenser may then be used as a feed for the electrolytic reduction of aluminum chloride to metallic aluminum.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of ferric chloride directly usable for purifying water is produced from a pickling liquor containing ferrous chloride by a process comprising the steps of1. continuously concentrating the pickling liquor by evaporation to at least about 34.25% by weight ferrous chloride concentration;2. continuously neutralizing the resulting concentrated liquor, which still contains free hydrochloric acid, by means of a fluidized bed of iron oxide particles (e.g. mill scales); and3. continuously countercurrently chlorinating the resulting neutralized concentrated liquor in two successive reaction zones, to the extent of from 73 to 86% at a temperature of from 35.degree. to 75.degree. C in the first reaction zone and the balance at a temperature of from 40.degree. to 100.degree. C in the second reaction zone.The product of said process is an aqueous solution containing per liter at least 40% by weight of ferric chloride, less than 0.1% by weight of ferrous chloride and less than 0.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for controlling the temperature of the fluidized bed in a thermal reaction furnace. An igniting flame is directed horizontally and radially at the fuel within the bed in the lower third of the bed above the grate. The ignition burner and fuel pipeline are arranged closely together and enter the furnace through a common fitting or flange. In operation, the ignition flame is ignited before fuel is fed to the fluidized bed.

Abstract: A process for the thermal decomposition and conversion of metal chlorides to metal oxides in a fluidized bed wherein the fluidizing gas contains oxygen and the reaction temperature is maintained above the thermal decomposition temperature of the metal chloride but below the sintering temperature of the metal oxide thus produced. The gas velocity is determined by the critical relationship 0.34.rho..sup.0.9 .ltoreq. W.sub.G .ltoreq. 0.56.rho..sup.0.9 where W.sub.G is the approximate gas velocity through the fluidized bed chamber in the absence of the bed and .rho. is the density of the pure fluidized-bedmaterial (metal oxide). The height of the bed is also critical and should be that at which a critical pressure drop of 1200 to 2400 mm (water column) is obtained but at least 350 mm, measuring with the static or settled bed (nonfluidized).

Abstract: Elementary sulfur is obtained from sulfur-containing materials which release sulfur oxides (SO.sub.x) in the presence of oxygen by fluidizing such materials in a bed with an oxygen-containing gas (e.g., air), and passing the resulting SO.sub.x -containing gases through a bed (preferably fluidized) of carbonaceous or carbon-containing solids (such as coke or coal) at an elevated temperature to reduce SO.sub.x to elemental sulfur, the bottom of the bed of carbonaceous or carbon-containing solids being at about the level of the top of the bed of sulfur-containing materials.

Abstract: An oxygen-containing gas distribution apparatus is dicslosed which can be employed in the fluidized bed regeneraton of carbon-contaminated catalysts, such as cracking catalysts.Said apparatus comprises a plurality of gas discharge nozzles affixed to at least one manifold member substantially horizontally disposed at the lower end of the regeneration chamber, said nozzles being restricted in internal cross-sectional area in their upstream portion connected to the manifold member and expanded in the internal cross-sectional area of their downstream portion such that a) the numerical ratio of the difference between the diameter of the downstream portion and the diameter of the upstream portion divided by the length of the downstream portion taken in the direction of gas flow does not exceed 0.18 and b) the ratio of the diameter of the upstream portion to its length taken in direction of gas flow does not exceed 1.67.