Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of a group of microorganisms, which are relatively abundant in the microbial communities associated with fruits and vegetables typically consumed raw and therefore transient or permanent members of the human microbiota. The consumption of mixtures of these microbes at relevant doses will produce a beneficial effect in the host by reducing the propensity to diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome mediated in part by production of short chain fatty acids to enhance colonic butyrate production. Therapeutic methods of the invention involve the use of live microorganisms or metabolites derived from said microorganisms to establish a microbial composition in the mammalian host that will improve significantly the ability to control weight, reduce the onset of diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, and improve overall health.

Abstract: A method for growing probiotic organisms wherein the growth media includes prebiotics especially selected and prepared to be paired with the probiotic organisms being grown. The prebiotic formula is optimized to grow the desired probiotic organisms, as well as important byproducts of the growth process. Specialized freeze-drying buffers may also be paired with certain probiotic organisms for the freeze-drying process. Specific products may utilize selected probiotic organisms grown and supported with paired prebiotic formulas to promote and maintain physiological health in a subject.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, methods for treating or ameliorating an effect of a solid tumor present in a human. These methods include administering intratumorally to the human a unit dose of C. novyi, preferably C. novyi NT, colony forming units (CFUs), which contains about 1×103-1×107 CFUs suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or solution. Methods for debulking a solid tumor present in a human, methods for ablating a solid tumor present in a human, a method for microscopically precise excision of tumor cells in a human, methods for treating or ameliorating an effect of a solid tumor that has metastasized to one or more sites in a human, unit doses of C. novyi, preferably C. novyi NT, CFUs, and kits for treating or ameliorating an effect of a solid tumor present in a human are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising bacterial strains for treating and preventing central nervous system disorders and conditions.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to live biotherapeutic products, probiotics, pharmaceutical compositions comprising said probiotics, and methods of using them to treat various human diseases. In some aspects, the disclosure provides such compositions comprising strains of the bacterium Gemella sanguinis and their uses in treating metabolic-related diseases or disorder.

Abstract: Provided is a use of Butyribacter intestini in preventing and/or treating inflammation-related diseases. Specifically, in the present disclosure, it was firstly discovered that Butyribacter intestini has the function of preventing and/or treating inflammation-related diseases (for example, inflammatory bowel disease, such as ulcerative colitis, gastritis, and common enteritis; and rheumatoid arthritis).

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to a microbial treatment for poultry. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a direct fed microbial composition including one or more lactic acid bacteria strains in combination with one or more Bacillus bacteria strains configured to inhibit gastrointestinal pathogens in a bird. A method of use is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A method for growing probiotic organisms wherein the growth media includes prebiotics especially selected and prepared to be paired with the probiotic organisms being grown. The prebiotic formula is optimized to grow the desired probiotic organisms, as well as important byproducts of the growth process. Specialized freeze-drying buffers may also be paired with certain probiotic organisms for the freeze-drying process. Specific products may utilize selected probiotic organisms grown and supported with paired prebiotic formulas to promote and maintain physiological health in a subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical and food composition for treating, preventing, or alleviating a metabolic disease, containing, as an active ingredient, extracellular vesicles derived from Akkermansia muciniphila. The composition of the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical/food composition and the like for treating, preventing, or alleviating metabolic diseases, in particular metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arteriosclerosis, and hypertension, occurring or exacerbated due to a high fat diet. In addition, in the present invention, a fermented food itself, prepared by adding Akkermansia muciniphila, can be used for the purpose of preventing or alleviating a metabolic disease occurring or exacerbated due to a high fat diet.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of diagnosis and treating autism associated with an overgrowth of beta2-toxin-gene-positive Clostridium perfringens in the gut of an autistic subject. In one embodiment, the method comprises administering to the subject (e.g. a subject having an overgrowth of beta2-toxin-gene-positive Clostridium perfringens in the gut) one or more agents to reduce or eliminate beta2-toxin-gene positive Clostridium perfringens in the subject so as to relieve one or more symptoms of autism.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition for preventing and treating muscle atrophy, which contains a lycii radicis cortex extract as an active ingredient. The composition of the present disclosure has a remarkable effect of improving muscle atrophy and superior safety and, thus, can be used to prevent and treat muscle atrophy without side effects.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising bacterial strains for treating and preventing neurodegenerative disorders.

Abstract: A food composition comprising a cellodextrin material, wherein the cellodextrin material comprises a principal cellodextrin with a degree of polymerisation (DP) value of at least 4. Food products comprising the composition, and cellodextrin materials used in the preparation of the composition as well as method for preparing these form further aspects of the invention.

Abstract: This application provides compositions, e.g., formulations, used for gastric, gastrointestinal and/or colonic treatments, and methods for making, storing and using them, including storage, including long term storage, at ambient temperature. Compositions provided herein are useful for treating various diseases or conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, Crohn's Disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and recurrent or primary C. difficile infection.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to compositions beneficial for ruminant administration. Particularly, the disclosure provides compositions formulated for ruminants that comprise beneficial microbes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to animal feed or animal feed additives comprising polypeptides having protease activity and uses thereof. Specifically, the proteases are serine S1 proteases from Janibacter, Terracoccus and Knoellia, all belonging to the family Intrasporangiaceae of the suborder Micrococcineae. The proteases have a high activity at a broad pH-range (pH 3-7) and are thus highly active during the entire passage through the digestive tract. It also relates to the methods for producing the proteases and for using the proteases to improve animal performance and the nutritional value of animal feed.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising one or more bacterial strains for treating preventing diarrhea and/or constipation.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising one or more bacterial strains for use in a method of reducing the level of Enterobacteriaceae in the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are disclosed for providing beneficial effects to animals, including but not limited to increasing performance of the animal. In one embodiment, the animal is poultry. In another embodiment, the disclosure relates to a composition comprising one or more direct-fed microbials and one or more exogenous feed enzymes.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of using therapeutically effective compositions of sandalwood oil to treat, prevent or reduce the recurrence of Clostridium infections.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include methods and/or compositions for analysis of samples for C. difficile infection to determine whether or not an individual is at risk for having recurrent C. difficile infection or a CDI misdiagnosis. Methods include characterization of microflora composition from the gut, wherein alterations of the microflora gut composition are indicative of recurrence of infection. Methods include analysis of nucleic acids from the gut, such as 16S rRNA as being identifying of a particular bacteria in the analysis of bacterial populations of the gut.

Abstract: A method of preventing chicken white diarrhea and coccidiosis by providing a population of chickens an effective amount of a non-antibiotic feed, without feeding the chickens antibiotics. The feed includes a feed base and a feed additive. The feed additive can include various ingredients, including selenium and superoxide dismutase (SOD).

Abstract: Provided are compositions comprising a bacterial strain of the genus Blautia, for use in a method of increasing the microbiota diversity and/or inducing stability of the microbiota of a subject.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising one or more bacterial strains for treating preventing diarrhea and/or constipation.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising one or more bacterial strains for treating or preventing visceral hypersensitivity.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising one or more bacterial strains for treating or preventing visceral hypersensitivity.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising one or more bacterial strains for use in a method of reducing the level of Enterobacteriaceae in the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: Provided are therapeutic compositions containing combinations of bacteria, for the maintenance or restoration of a healthy microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of a mammalian subject, and methods for use thereof.

Abstract: This application provides compositions, e.g., formulations, used for gastric, gastrointestinal and/or colonic treatments, and methods for making, storing and using them, including storage, including long term storage, at ambient temperature. Compositions provided herein are useful for treating various diseases or conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, Crohn's Disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and recurrent or primary C. difficile infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the treatment of chronic diseases associated with the presence of abnormal or an abnormal distribution of microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of a mammalian host, which compositions comprise viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic Clostridia. The compositions further comprise one or more additional viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides , Eubacteria, Fusobacteria, Propionibacteria, Lactobacilli, anaerobic cocci, Ruminococcus, E. coli, Gemmiger, Desulfomonas, Peptostreptococcus, and fungi. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the treatment of the same chronic diseases comprising viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic Escherichia coli, at least one strain of viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic Bacteroides and at least one strain of viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a derivative bacterial strain of an avirulent, non-pathogenic Clostridium ghonii that is capable of arresting the growth of, regressing or destroying one or more solid tumours. The present invention further relates to a composition comprising the derivative bacterial strain for targeted lysis of solid tumours. The present invention further relates to methods of producing derivative strains of C. ghonii by serial culturing in tumor bearing animals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the treatment of chronic diseases associated with the presence of abnormal or an abnormal distribution of microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of a mammalian host, which compositions comprise viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic Clostridia. The compositions further comprise one or more additional viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides, Eubacteria, Fusobacteria, Propionibacteria, Lactobacilli, anaerobic cocci, Ruminococcus, E. Coli, Gemmiger, Desulfamonas, Peptostreptococcus, and fungi. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the treatment of the same chronic diseases comprising viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic Escherichia coli, at least one strain of viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathoenic Bacteroides and at least one strain of viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic microorganism.

Abstract: Provided are therapeutic compositions containing Ecobiotic™ populations for prevention, treatment and reduction of symptoms associated with a dysbiosis of a mammalian subject such as a human.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microbial composition which is tailored based on the spectrum of microbes found more frequently from the intestine of non-secretor individuals than from the intestine of secretor individuals. The present invention further relates to a method of tailoring a microbial composition based on the spectrum of microbes found more frequently from the intestine of non-secretor individuals than from that of secretor blood group status. The present invention relates to use of the secretor status of an individual as a criterion for microbial supplementation tailored based on the differences in the spectra of microbes found between secretor and non-secretor individuals.

Abstract: There are provided novel synthetic stool preparations comprising bacteria isolated from a fecal sample from a healthy donor. The synthetic stool preparations are used for treating disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, including dysbiosis, Clostridium difficile infection and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, prevention of recurrence of Clostridium difficile infection, treatment of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and diverticular disease, and treatment of food poisoning such as salmonella. Methods of preparation and methods of use of the synthetic stool preparations are also provided.

Abstract: Species of human-derived bacteria belonging to the Clostridia class have been shown to induce accumulation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the colon and suppress immune functions. Pharmaceutical compositions containing these bacteria can be used to prevent and treat immune-mediated diseases such as autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: Current approaches for treating cancer are limited, in part, by the inability of drugs to affect the poorly vascularized regions of tumors. We have found that spores of anaerobic bacteria in combination with agents which interact with microtubules can cause the destruction of both the vascular and avascular compartments of tumors. Two classes of microtubule inhibitors were found to exert markedly different effects. Some agents that inhibited microtubule synthesis, such as vinorelbine, caused rapid, massive hemorrhagic necrosis when used in combination with spores. In contrast, agents that stabilized microtubules, such as the taxane, docetaxel, resulted in slow tumor regressions that killed most neoplastic cells. Remaining cells in the poorly perfused regions of tumors could be eradicated by sporulated bacteria.

Abstract: Methods for treating a pressure sore or for preventing development of a pressure sore by local administration of a Clostridial toxin, such as a botulinum neurotoxin, to a pressure sore or to a pressure point, or to the vicinity thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for enhancing muscle protein synthesis following physical exertion. In a general embodiment, a method for enhancing muscle protein synthesis following physical exertion is provided and includes administering to an individual a composition comprising from about 15 to about 35 g protein immediately following concurrent training. Programs for enhancing muscle adaptation resulting from concurrent training are also provided. The programs include providing a composition comprising from about 15 to about 35 g protein; and providing guidelines for consumption including a recommendation of the amount of the composition to consume immediately following concurrent training.

Abstract: Nutritional products having improved cohesiveness of food boluses and methods of making and using same are provided. The nutritional products may include nutritional compositions and high molecular weight, water-soluble polymers such that the nutritional products have extensional viscosities that provide improved cohesiveness to the nutritional products and Trouton ratios of at least 6. Methods of administering such nutritional products to patients having impaired swallowing ability and/or dysphagia are also provided.

Abstract: A feed additive composition comprising a direct fed microbial in combination with a protease, a xylanase, an amylase and a phytase, and a method for improving the performance of a subject or for improving digestibility of a raw material in a feed (e.g. nutrient digestibility, such as amino acid digestibility), or for improving nitrogen retention, or for avoiding the negative effects of necrotic enteritis or for improving feed conversion ratio (FCR) or for improving weight gain in a subject or for improving feed efficiency in a subject or for modulating (e.g. improving) the immune response of the subject or for promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of a subject, which method comprising administering to a subject a direct fed microbial in combination with a protease, a xylanase, an amylase and a phytase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the treatment of chronic diseases associated with the presence of abnormal or an abnormal distribution of microflora in the gastrointestinal tract of a mammalian host, which compositions comprise viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic Clostridia. The compositions further comprise one or more additional viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides, Eubacteria, Fusobacteria, Propionibacteria, Lactobacilli, anaerobic cocci, Ruminococcus, E. coli, Gemmiger, Desulfomonas, Peptostreptococcus, and fungi. The present invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the treatment of the same chronic diseases comprising viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic Escherichia coli, at least one strain of viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic Bacteroides and at least one strain of viable non-pathogenic or attenuated pathogenic microorganism.

Abstract: Combinations suitable for agricultural use can include (I) a nematode-antagonistic biocontrol agent and (II) one or more agents selected, independently of each other, from any one of (A) to (H): (A) at least one fungicide; (B) at least one insecticide; (C) at least one synthetic nematicide; (D) bacterium of the genus Bacillus; (E) Harpin; (F) Isoflavones; (G) Plant growth regulators; and/or (H) Plant activators.

Abstract: Provided are therapeutic compositions containing Ecobiotic™ populations for prevention, treatment and reduction of symptoms associated with a dysbiosis of a mammalian subject such as a human.

Abstract: Indole-3-propionic acid as a marker and for treatment for Huntington Disease.

Abstract: This invention relates to prophylactic and/or therapeutic application of microorganism species that are, for example, administered orally as delayed release formulation designed to release its microbial content to the distal small intestine and/or colon in high quantities and density, which is a “normalized” approach to repopulate the colonic flora as a method of prevention and/or treatment of, for example, Clostridium difficile colitis.

Abstract: Biosurfactants produced by microbes are used to control pests. The biosurfactants can be produced by cultivating a biosurfactant-producing microbe, producing a fermentation broth, and obtaining the biosurfactant from the fermentation broth. Alternately, the biosurfactants can be produced in situ in the environment of the pests by applying a carbon substrate to the pests' environment, which permits naturally-occurring biosurfactant-producing microbes to grow and to generate the biosurfactants. The biosurfactants have pesticidal qualities, and can be used to control a variety of pests, while being biodegradable and otherwise avoiding adverse environmental effects that have often been associated with conventional synthetic pesticides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of coating a spore with one or more therapeutic agents. The present invention also relates to a coated spore obtained by the method of the present invention and the use of the coated spore as a vaccine.

Abstract: Nutritional compositions for maximizing muscle protein synthesis while minimizing the catabolism of muscle proteins and methods of using same are provided. In this manner, the nutritional compositions may provide for retention of lean body mass, which helps to avoid loss of independence and functionality, as well as to improve quality of life especially in the elderly at risk of sarcopenia and frailty. The nutritional compositions include ?-hydroxyisocaproic acid and ?-ketoglutarate. The composition may include other functional ingredients such as, but not limited to whey protein including whey protein micelles, prebiotic fibers, citrulline, eicosapentaenoic acid, L-carnitine, nucleotides, and amino acids. Methods of administering such nutritional products to individuals in need of same are also provided.

Abstract: Nutritional compositions for maximizing muscle protein synthesis while minimizing the catabolism of muscle proteins and methods of using same are provided. In this manner, the nutritional compositions may provide for retention of lean body mass, which helps to avoid loss of independence and functionality, as well as to improve quality of life especially in the elderly at risk of sarcopenia and frailty. The nutritional compositions include ?-hydroxyisocaproic acid eicosapentaenoic acid. It may include other functional ingredients such as, but not limited to whey protein including whey protein micelles, prebiotic fibers, citrulline, ?-ketoglutarate, L-carnitine, nucleotides, and amino acids. Methods of administering such nutritional products to individuals in need of same are also provided.