Abstract: Waste gas from a coal-fired power plant is scrubbed with a lime-water mixture to form a sludge whose water content is reduced and which is mixed with a binder such as water glass. This mixture is then pelletized to produce hard water-stable material suitable for use as an aggregate or filler. The waste gas may be stripped of its fly ash and this ash added to the sludge to thicken it.

Abstract: Apparatus for agglomerating powders and non-flowing fine particle minerals such as clay, silicas, and silicates involving means for establishing a minimum level of wetting agent content in the material to be agglomerated, a rotatably mounted motor driven drum for tumbling the material to be agglomerated over itself, spray nozzles located within the drum to add additional wetting liquid to the material within the drum, and conveying means for passing the material into the drum and discharge means for removing the agglomerated powder, which is now formed into pellets of an advantageous pellet size distribution, therefrom. The spray nozzles are situated to spray the wetting agent onto the material at the curl thereof. The establishing of a minimum level of wetting agent content in the powder, preferably in the range of 1-1/2% to 5%, is achieved either by incomplete drying of the material during wet processing or by the application of a wetting agent prior to introduction into the drum.

Abstract: A rotary drum assembly includes separate agglomerating and hardening drums that are rotated independently of each other. The agglomerating drum has a generally cylindrical configuration with an inner cylindrical wall. A scraper is rotatably positioned within the agglomerating drum in spaced relation to the inner cylindrical wall with its axis spaced from the axis of the drum. The scraper has a tubular body portion with a plurality of parallel rows of blades extending radially therefrom. Each of the rows extends lengthwise along substantially the entire length of the scaper body portion and follow a helical path having a single turn about the axis of the tubular body portion. The rows of blades thus make a single convolution about the scraper body portion. Drive means are provided to synchronously rotate the agglomerating drum and scraper with the scraper arranged to rotate at a preselected and different speed relative to the speed of the drum.

Abstract: Molten coke forming material is processed by infeed through sealing gates to an elongated housing within which it is mixed, cooled and compacted into a solid mass. When sufficiently hardened, the compacted mass is expelled from the housing. A gas may be injected into that zone of the housing within which the material undergoes mixing while in a molten state.

Abstract: A strategically located series of spaced apart classifiers set at varying depths within a pelletizer pan operated to classify the forming pellets and also impart controlled energy into the forming pellets producing pellets of improved quality. Controlled classifying of the forming pellets stabilizes pellet output. With a stabilized pellet output obtained the need for driving the pellet pan with a variable speed device can be eliminated since pan rotation can be maintained at a constant speed.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuously, controllably passing and mixing carbon black and water together, controllably jetting a plurality of fluid stream against the inner walls of the mixing apparatus, and moving the streams along the inner walls.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved pan granulation process for the production of low-water or substantially anhydrous nitrogenous compounds. Hot nitrogenous melt and cooled particulate solids are fed to a rotating pan to form a cresent-shaped bed of rolling or tumbling particles, the thickness or depth of the bed increasing in the direction towards the periphery of the pan and its overflow sector, i.e. position 2 o'clock to position 6 o'clock when the pan surface is regarded as a clock face and the rotation of the pan is counter-clockwise. The cooled solid particles are fed to the pan at a point where the depth of existing material is small, desirably substantially zero, preferably in position 7 to 8 o'clock, if need be by feeding the particles through a tube or the like which extends into the tumbling material on the pan to the proximity of the surface of the pan itself. Subsequently, the cooled particles will then be covered by and with warmer particles tumbling over them.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for treating particulate material by selectively separating the particles on the basis of size. There is disclosed a process for pelleting a particulate material such as carbon black wherein wet pelleting material is classified and only desired size pellets are passed to a dryer or drying zone.

Abstract: A method of forming spherically shaped pellets of relatively small diameter is disclosed which comprises the steps of depositing a finely divided congealable material on a surface of a disk shaped body, transporting the body over a closed course which extends in a plane forming an acute angle with the horizontal while rotating the body during the transport in the plane of the course thereby imparting a tumbling motion to the material and resulting in the fabrication of pellets, and collecting pellets of a predetermined range of sizes. A pelletizing apparatus is described which is adapted for forming pellets of relatively small diameter having enhanced surface characteristics and for automatically classifying the pellets by size.

Abstract: Wet pellets of carbon black are dried to produce dry pellets by means of a two-step process. In the first step a bed of wet pellets is fluidized by means of a heated gas and the pellets are thus partially dried. In the second step the partially dried pellets from the first step are subjected to additional drying while in a nonfluidized state, e.g. pellets from the fluidized bed are heated and subjected to a mild, mechanically produced tumbling action during the second step.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing agglomerated powders such as coffee powder, coffee substitutes such as chicory and other highly hygroscopic and thermoplastic powders in which powder is made to fall down against a central area of a rotating disc. The powder is moistened during the fall against the disc by the supply of steam or finely atomized water across the central area of the disc at such a distance above the same that practically all the powder is moistened before it hits the disc.

Abstract: Inner and outer cylinders are mounted for rotation about a common horizontal axis. Powder is fed into one end of the inner cylinder to produce granules by coagulation as the cylinder rotates. The inner cylinder is open at the other end to provide an outlet for the granules, and has a perforated (mesh) wall portion towards its outlet end through which uncoagulated powder falls into the outer cylinder. The diameter of the latter increases towards the inlet end of the inner cylinder so that the uncoagulated powder travels back down the surface of the outer cylinder as it rotates. On reaching the end thereof adjacent the inlet end of the inner cylinder, the powder is lifted by scoops on the inner surface of the outer cylinder to fall into an open-topped duct by which powder is fed into the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A rotary drum pelletizer has multiple internal cone frustum baffles. The cone frustum baffles are interconnected serially to constitute a removable liner replaceably received within the drum and interchangeable with one or another of a series of such liners, each having different cone frustum baffle configurations. Means are provided to releasably fasten said liners to said drum. By interchanging one liner for another, the pelletizer drum can be adapted to process particulate material of widely varying characteristics to achieve desired pellet sizes, shapes and consistency.