Abstract: The present invention provides a high-moisture-content gummi candy as a novel fruity confection, including a gummi candy body having a moisture value of not lower than 20% by weight, a pH of not higher than 4.0, and a water activity value of not higher than 0.86 and a collagen casing coating and encapsulating the gummi candy body. Even with a high moisture content, namely, even with a moisture value of the gummi candy body as high as not lower than 20% by weight, the high-moisture-content gummi candy is remarkably reduced in syneresis, surface melting, stickiness, and the like, has an excellent shape retention ability, has a fresh flavor and an elastic texture, and is suitable for distribution at normal temperature.

Abstract: This application provides a high quality protein composition and the processes of making the same. The compositions prepared by filtration according to the instant application may contain higher percentage of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and/or essential amino acids (EAA). The compositions may have reduced level of sodium and also lighter color than that of the composition before passing through the filtration means.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to methods and systems for purifying proteins and carbohydrate rich products from photosynthetic aquatic species and compositions thereof. For example, one embodiment of the present disclosure relates to methods and systems for purifying proteins the present disclosure relates, in some embodiments to methods and systems for extracting proteins, dry biocrude, and carbohydrate-rich meal from Lemna. In some embodiments, a method of treating a biomass comprising a microcrop (e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed is the making of baked products, more particularly making of baked products using polypeptides having lipolytic activity and at least one emulsifier. The invention also relates to compositions comprising polypeptides having lipolytic activity and at least one emulsifier.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to inexpensive and efficient methods of preparing egg white (e.g., obtained from eggs laid by transgenic chickens) for bulk chromatographic isolation of proteins (e.g., recombinant proteins) from the egg white, as well as methods of filtering acidified egg white and methods of isolating proteins from the egg white.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a multicore gelatin microcapsule containing a flavoring agent, the multicore gelatin microcapsule having a time to the flavor emanation peak ranging from 1 minute 30 seconds to less than 4 minutes in the case of use in a food. The method for producing a multicore gelatin microcapsule comprises the steps of: adding a transglutaminase to an oil-in-water emulsion composition containing gelatin and a flavoring agent to yield a mixed solution containing the gelatin in an amount of 10 to 25% by mass; and spraying the mixed solution and cooling and solidifying the sprayed solution.

Abstract: The present invention has as an objective to provide aerated food products containing solid particles at the gas bubble interface, and proteins which do not interfere with the solid particles, and of which the texture remains stable during storage. This objective is met by an aerated food product which contains aggregated protein particles which are not surface active.

Abstract: An egg white hydrolysate having a reduced sulfur smell characteristic to egg white and a production method therefor are provided. An egg white hydrolysate having a low hydrogen sulfide content and a reduced sulfur smell can be obtained through a pretreatment step of denaturing egg white by thermally treating a diluted egg white solution under conditions of a pH of 9 to 12 and a temperature of 55° C. to 90° C., the diluted egg white solution having been prepared by diluting 1 part of liquid egg white with 0.4 to 3 parts of water, and a step of performing hydrolysis with a protease.

Abstract: The invention provides unique and novel strains of microalgae that have been subjected to non-transgenic methods of mutation sufficient to reduce the coloration of biomass produced by the strains. Biomass produced from such strains can be used in the manufacture of baked goods, gluten free foods, beverages, high lipid algal flours, and other foods. Pigments such as carotenoids and chlorophyll can be undesirable for consumer acceptance when incorporated into foods such as mayonnaise, yogurt, and white sauces that are not traditionally associated with colors such as yellow, red, orange and green. Some pigments, such as chlorophyll, can also create undesirable taste profiles. Use of reduced pigment microalgal biomass expands the range of food products that can be manufactured with healthy lipid profiles. High protein containing biomass of the invention, also reduced in pigmentation, is also incorporated into products such as meat analogues, nutritional bars and meal replacement beverages.

Abstract: By using transglutaminase, collagen, and calcium chloride or magnesium chloride as the active ingredients, raw food materials such as meat pieces can be sufficiently adhesion-molded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing fibrous edible structures. Particularly, this process uses an alignment technique together with cross-linking. Further, loose and structured fiber structures are described which can be used in or as a food composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates of a method of producing an enzymatic digest of proteinaceous material which can improve the palatability and health value of foodstuffs to which it is added. In particular but not exclusively, the invention involves a method where bioactive compounds are released to increase the health value of the product.

Abstract: A flavor improving agent includes lactic acid-fermented egg white. A food composition, an acidic food composition, and an acidic condiment, which have a flavor improving effect, include lactic acid-fermented egg white. A method of producing a flavor improving agent includes adding lactic acid bacteria to an egg white aqueous solution and subjecting the mixture to fermentation.

Abstract: A composition comprising heme iron and/or heme iron polypeptide in combination with ionic iron(s) and/or chelated iron(s). Administration of effective dosages of the present composition provides a method for treating and/or preventing iron deficiency anemia, and the physiological, biochemical, morphological, and behavioral manifestations symptomatic of same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing a variant lipid acyltransferase enzyme comprising: (a) selecting a parent enzyme which is a lipid acyltransferase enzyme characterised in that the enzyme comprises the amino acid sequence motif GDSX, wherein X is one or more of the following amino acid residues L, A, V, I, F, Y, H, Q, T N, M or S; (b) modifying one or more amino acids to produce a variant lipid acyltransferase; (c) testing the variant lipid acyltransferase for activity on a galactolipid substrate, and optionally a phospholipid substrate and/or optionally a triglyceride substrate; (d) selecting a variant enzyme with an enhanced activity towards galactolipids compared with the parent enzyme; and optionally (e) preparing a quantity of the variant enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing isoquercitrin, ?-glycosylisoquercitrin, and rhamnose, the method comprising a step of naringin-degrading enzyme treatment during the isoquercitrin production from rutin in the presence of an edible component, such as gelatin, wheat gluten, chitosan, lecithin, a glycerol fatty acid ester, xanthan gum, carrageenan, sodium chondroitin sulfate, casein, enzymatically decomposed gelatin, sodium alginate, konjac extract, gellan gum, guar gum, soybean protein, agar, pectin, yeast extract, egg-white peptide, cluster dextrin, gum arabic, arginine, sodium metaphosphate, karaya gum, locust bean gum, sodium pyrophosphate, glucosamine, chitin, sodium glutamate, dextrin, trehalose, or a grain-based food ingredients. According to the present invention, isoquercitrin and ?-glycosylisoquercitrin, which are of use as antioxidants, anti-fading agents, flavor change inhibitors, etc., can be produced in enhanced yields.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the rapid preparation of a starter culture which method comprises: (a) inoculating a starter culture in a medium of HTST-pasteurized whole milk, semi skimmed milk, skimmed milk, whey or milk protein having 6 to 17% dry solids; (b) preferably including a stimulant in the starter culture; and (c) incubating the starter culture with or without pH-control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of compound fertilizer granules containing at least two of the plant nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, said process including the steps of: providing a solid fee material including at least one solid fertilizer raw material and optionally recycle material, feeding the feed material or a part thereof into a melter for melting a desired portion thereof and keeping said portion in molten state, feeding the molten or partly molten material and optionally other desired solid raw materials to a granulator to obtain a granulated product, and cooling and optionally screening the granulated product to obtain dry compound fertilizer granules having a desired size distribution, provided that no water or aqueous liquid is introduced into the process.

Abstract: In a method for preparing albumin hydrolysates from a starting material containing albumins in concentrated or isolated form, the starting material are homogenized with an aqueous solution at a temperature of between 10 and 80° C. and at a pH of between 8 and 12 in the presence of a first protease for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the albumins. At least one further protease whose cleaving spectrum differs from that of the first protease is added after between 1 and 60 min. from the start of homogenization for the further enzymatic hydrolysis of the albumins. The proteases are inactivated by a heat treatment at a pH below 7.5 within between 1 and 60 minutes from addition of the last protease. The non-hydrolyzed albumins are precipitated at a pH below 7.5. The precipitated non-hydrolyzed albumins are separated from the albumin hydrolysates contained in the solution; and the albumin hydrolysates contained in the solution are concentrated.

Abstract: A food containing a protein treated with at least one transglutaminase and at least one oxidoreductase. The presence of the treated protein enhances the quality of the food.

Abstract: The meat quality-improving agent of the present invention includes an enzymatic hydrolyzate of a protein. By using the above meat quality-improving agent for frozen meats, pressured and heat-sterilized foods, or processed ground meat foods, an improvement in the water binding capacity, suppression of the meat shrinkage upon grilling, and an improvement in the texture is shown.

Abstract: Blends of collagen type I and collagen type III having crosslinks of the pyridinoline (Pyrid), dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL) and histidinohyroxylysinonorleucine (HHL) types, wherein the amounts of the crosslinks satisfy the ratio: (Pyrid+DHLNL)/HHL=0.4-6. Collagen blends with these crosslinking ratios make excellent casings with improved properties for food products, particularly sausages.

Abstract: Synergistic compositions of egg white and Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus celleus, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum or Clostridium and optionally also containing garlic for treating and preventing infections and other uses are described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bound-formed food comprising adding transglutaminase, a casein and an edible surface active agent, to a raw food material. The resulting bound-formed foods have excellent taste and savor.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition comprising a Streptococcus-derived or Pediococcus-derived bacteriocin or synthetic equivalent antibacterial agent in combination with a chelating agent. Such composition may be used in conjunction with a foodstuff or with a food packaging film (with or without the chelating agent) to protect foodstuffs against growth of harmful bacteria such as Listeria. Also disclosed are methods of protecting foodstuffs using film having a transferrable antimicrobial agent which may protect foodstuff surfaces before and/or following removal of the film and peelable films useful in such methods which may include the above bacteriocin.

Abstract: The immobilized enzyme for removal of residual cyclodextrins is either a combination of an alpha-amylase and a CGTase which has been immobilized or a fungal alpha-amylase which has been immobilized. In addition to either the fungal alpha-amylase or the CGTase and alpha-amylase, a debranching enzyme can also be employed. When using a debranched enzyme, the debranched enzyme is also immobilized. By using the immobilized enzyme, the step of inactivating the enzyme is eliminated and the contamination due to the inactivated enzyme is also eliminated.

Abstract: The process entails treating a system such as a food system which contains residual cyclodextrin with both CGTase and an amylase at a temperature of 40.degree. C. to 80.degree. C., a pH of 4 to 6 for a time of 1 to 48 hours to hydrolyze the residual cyclodextrin. The process is especially adapted for food systems such as eggs, dairy, meat, fruit juices, coffee and tea. It is also suited for use in starch hydrolysates and protein hydrolysates. Residual cyclodextrins are contained in a system after the system has been subjected to a process wherein cyclodextrins have been employed either to remove an unwanted component or where the cyclodextrin was separated from the system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing foods and beverages having a desirable flavor which comprises bringing an animal-derived, ethyl butyrate-synthesizing enzyme having a potency in the range of 0.1 unit/mg protein or higher under the conditions that ethyl butyrate is formed by reacting 0.5% (w/w) ethanol with 2.6% (w/w) butyric acid, or a substance containing the enzyme into contact with the foods and beverages during their production process.

Abstract: An improved, short-time process for fermentation of comestible products is described which enhances the growth of operative microorganisms in a fermentation system and consequently reduces the required incubation time. The process involves inoculating a given fermentation system containing a starting food ingredient substrate and fermentative microorganism(s) with an amount of an oxygen-reactive enzyme such as OXYRASE.TM. (a trademark of Oxyrase, Inc. of Akron, Ohio) which is not naturally generated by virtue of said fermentation process. Reduced time fermentation can be achieved in a wide variety of systems, such as in the production of fermented liquid, semisolid and solid dairy products, fermented meat products, fermented cereal-based products, yeast-raised baked and fried products, and alcoholic beverages.

Abstract: The new casein hydrolyzate does not contain any unhydrolyzed casein and is characterized by a defined molecular weight distribution. The method is characterized by being performed by means of three defined proteolytic enzymes and a non-pH star method. The casein hydrolyzate exhibits an optimal balance between DH, free amino acids, bitterness and yield.

Abstract: Gelatin, having high Bloom or gel strength in excess of 300, is extracted from fish, with high yield, by pre-treating collagen rich fish skins with a limewater (Ca(OH).sub.2) solution suspension with a concentration of between 19 gm of Ca(OH).sub.2 /liter of water/kg of tilapia fish skin to 100 gm Ca(OH).sub.2 /liter of water/kg of fish skin for a period of time between ten to sixty days and optimally between two to four weeks. For fish with higher percentage of fat content, a minimum concentration is at least 50 gm of Ca(OH).sub.2 /liter of water/kg of fish skin to avoid putrefaction. For fish with easily extractable gelatin, such as Nile perch, soaking time is from 3 to 10 days with a concentration of Ca(OH).sub.2 /liter of water of about 15 gm. At concentrations above 100 gm of Ca(OH).sub.2 /liter of water/kg of fish skin and/or treatment time periods in excess of four weeks, Bloom strength dramatically decreases.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing a lipoprotein-containing substance having a reduced lipid content. The lipid content is reduced by treating a lipoprotein-containing substance with at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of proteolytic enzymes and lipolytic enzymes and then bringing the substance into contact with a sub- or supercritical fluid to extract a lipid from the substance. The lipid extracted from the substance is separated from the fluid which may be used again in the extraction step. Also disclosed is a food whose raw material is a lipoprotein-containing substance having a reduced lipid content obtained by the above process.

Abstract: An enzymatic hydrolysate having a high di- and tripeptide content is prepared by subjecting to enzymatic proteolysis a protein mixture preliminarily prepared by means of a thermal treatment. The hydrolysate having a high di- and tripeptide content is extracted by liquid-solid separation, followed by ultrafiltration. The hydrolysate is then subjected to a sterilization and drying operation.

Abstract: Egg products, particularly low cholesterol products, are pasteurized by contact with hydrogen peroxide at elevated temperature. The pasteurized egg is then contacted with catalase to convert the peroxide to water and diatomic oxygen, and the oxygen is then removed, preferably by in-line vacuum. The process enables the pasteurization of liquid eggs, particularly those based principally on egg whites, sufficiently to provide a storage-stable refrigerated liquid egg product.

Abstract: A process for the production of a flavoring agent, in which an aqueous suspension of a protein-rich material is prepared, the proteins are solubilized by hydrolysis with a neutral or alkaline protease, the suspension is heat-treated at a mildly acidic pH value and is then ripened with koji enzymes.

Abstract: A process for modifying the properties of egg yolk, which comprises treating egg yolk with an effective amount of phospholipase D derived from a microorganism, thereby to convert phospholipids contained in said egg yolk into phosphatidic acid.

Abstract: A purified protein particularly adapted for enzymatic hydrolysis can be prepared by gelling the protein followed by breaking the gel into particles and washing the particles in sufficient liquid to allow portions of the nonproteinaceous material in the gel matrix to diffuse into the liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treatment of the biomass. The crude biomass is hydrolyzed by means of a proteolytic enzyme, the dissolved hard particles are separated from the total hydrolyzate by rough filtration, and the filtrated enzymatic hydrolyzate is submitted to membrane separation through semipermeable membranes.All of the steps are carried out at mild operating conditions, which preserves the structure and composition of the nonproteinic compounds. The use of organic solvents is entirely avoided, resulting in a safer process. The available proteins are extracted from the total mass as a protein hydrolyzate, which is easily digested. The final product yield is 92-95% amino acids. Gel chromatographic analysis of the final product shows that the free amino acids and the peptides have a molecular weight of 1000 to 4000 Daltons.

Abstract: In the process of crystallizing egg white lysozyme by cooling a salt solution containing egg white lysozyme, a seed crystal is added to the solution, which solution is then maintained at a temperature of about 10.degree. C. to 28.degree. C. for a certain period of time and subsequently cooled, whereby lysozyme can be crystallized to form an agglomerate of many individual needle crystals. The solution containing crystalline lysozyme thus obtained can be filtered within an extremely short period of time, that is, within only a few minutes.

Abstract: An improved hydrolysate is prepared from a water-soluble protein by enzymolysis wherein the protein has been heated under alkaline conditions for a period of time insufficient to gel the protein followed by cooling the solution to below 30.degree. C.

Abstract: Sources of protein, such as residues and waste products from processing fish, poultry, pork and beef as well as single cell microorganisms, are hydrolyzed to provide liquid products containing substantially all of the component amino acids, lipids and phosphorus in metabolically useful form. The process involves a brief alkaline treatment with heat (120.degree.-170.degree. F.) and alkali (pH 12 or above) which facilitates liquefication and enhances susceptibility to subsequent enzyme hydrolysis with bacterial proteinase at elevated temperatures (100.degree.-140.degree. F.). Cell rupture and protein denaturation occur during alkaline treatment and permit and facilitate the enzyme to rapidly break down the intact proteins to smaller, more soluble molecules. The product may be preserved with various acids at a pH of 3.8 to 4.2.

Abstract: A low-molecular weight peptide composition mainly based on dipeptides and tripeptides is produced by dispersing protein raw material from any suitable source in water at a concentration of 5 to 20 w/v %, adjusting the pH of the dispersion to 1 to 4 with an acid, adding at least two acid proteases to the dispersion, and permitting enzymatic proteolysis to take place for a desired period of time at a suitable temperature while supressing the formation of free amino acids. Also provided is a nutrient agent comprising the thus produced low-molecular weight peptide composition mainly based on dipeptides and tripeptides wherein the contents of free amino acids and those peptides having a molecular weight of at least 700 are individually 20% by weight or less. The nutrient agent is useful in medical treatment.

Abstract: There is disclosed heme-iron-enriched amino acid preparation consisting of aggregates of heme-protein fragments with heme bonded to histidine groups present in the fragment and a method for preparing this amino acid preparation from heme-proteins, especially hemoglobin. The heme-protein in a manner known per se at first is hemolyzed and denaturated and subsequently split with the aid of proteolytic enzymes to the formation of one heme-iron-enriched and one fraction which does not contain heme-iron and separation of these fractions from each other. The amino acid preparation is suitable for iron enrichment of for instance foodstuffs and for use in pharmaceutical iron preparations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of a collagen slurry which can be used, inter alia, for manufacturing casings for food products. When manufacturing the slurry, various parts of the digestive system are used as starting material and are reduced and suspended, after which the collagen is extracted, cleaned and brought into a slurry state.

Abstract: Protein is extracted from fresh or cured pork bones to produce an aqueous solution of about 4% to 7% protein, as well as a lard by-product and cooked bone fragments which may be ground and sold as bone meal. Bone fragments of the desired maximum dimension are combined with substantially equal parts of water and are heated to above the boiling point of water when papain proteolytic enzymes are added in controlled proportions. The aqueous bone-enzyme mixture is heated in the 135.degree. F. to 145.degree. F. range for two hours when salt is added in controlled proportions followed by heating the mixture at 145.degree. F. for one hour and then rapidly heating the mixture for 5 to 10 minutes to 195.degree. F., then heating at, but not above, 195.degree. F. for 1/2 hour followed immediately by chilling as rapidly as possible to 150.degree. F. The solids are separated from the liquids and the liquids centrifuged to separate the lard product and aqueous protein solution.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of collagen products for medical and cosmetic purposes, wherein collagen products prepared according to the method described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,066,083 are subjected to an additional heat treatment or a treatment with gaseous hydrogen halide in order to improve the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the collagen product, in particular its absorption and mechanical strength.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved collagen sausage casing and a method to produce such a casing. The normal processes for manufacturing collagen casing are employed. Immediately prior to the point in the process where the collagen extrusion mass is extruded, a proteolytic enzyme is injected into the collagen gel stream. The proteolytic enzyme is immobilized and becomes non-functioning as the free water required for its activity is restricted by the further steps of the process. Upon stuffing the casing with a meat emulsion and subjecting the stuffed casing to the smokehouse or cookhouse cycles in the normal sausage manufacturing process or by cooking in the home, the enzyme is again reactivated and continues to breakdown the collagen thereby tenderizing the casing. The proteolytic enzyme may be papain, bromelain, ficin, fungal protease, bacterial protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin and protease.

Abstract: Proteolytic enzymes, particularly papain, are used for rendering whole blood incoagulable. The treatment is preferably carried out at a pH of 7.2 with a ratio between enzyme and substrate, for instance, 1:200, and a volume ratio of 1:10. In the case of papain, a 1.6% solution is advantageously used. The incoagulable blood may be used to prepare a protein concentrate by precipitating the proteins with an agent, for instance, acetone or ethanol, preferably at 0.degree. C. in the presence of hydrochloric acid.

Abstract: A material based on blood, in which the red corpuscle fraction has been partially proteolytically hydrolyzed and thereby decoloured, to be used as an additive to food products, especially meat, due to the nutritional and functional properties of this material.

Abstract: Tannery limed splits are utilized as a collagen source to produce protein hydrolyzates, utilizing steam under superatmospheric pressure as a heat source and utilizing molecular sulfur dioxide to minimize color development.