Abstract: Snack food products in the form of puffed or expanded chips, are prepared from non-oilseed legume-base flours, which are difficult to process due to stickiness at usual dough solids contents, by using a non-sticky low solids content fluid slurry. The slurry is fed to a drum dryer and successive layers are built up into a multilaminar sheet. When this sheet is dry and the starch therein gelled, it is removed and reduced to pieces of chip size which are then fat-fried. An improved texture and structure is developed using this slurry-multilaminar sheet-fat-fry technique.

Abstract: A protein-based snack food product and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The process negates the need for carbohydrate, starch or farinaceous ingredients in the product formulation. Yet the product will expand or puff and will maintain its structural integrity during deep fat frying.

Abstract: A reconstituted fried and puffed product is prepared by moisturizing particles of animal parts which are high in collagen and at least 50% of which are rendered parts, gelatinizing the particles in an extruder, extruding a strip of the gelatinized material, cutting the strip to pellets, drying and deep-fat frying the pellets. The particles must have moisture contents between 18% and 35%. The extrudate must be cooled prior to expelling from the die. The pellets must have a dimension of 1/4 inch or less to insure proper puffing. The starting material may come from any high collagen, animal or fowl part.

Abstract: A donut maker for home use is disclosed which provides perfectly cooked and formed donuts having excellent taste and appearance characteristics notwithstanding the complete elimination of conventional deep fat frying of the donuts. The preferred device includes a base and openable lid section each having a pair of annular metallic concave walls disposed for cooperatively defining a pair of enclosed donut-shaped cooking chambers, along with a heating element for heating quantities of donut batter confined within the chambers; two corresponding sets of oil flow apertures are provided in the lid for allowing flow of cooking oil into the chambers during heating of the batter, in order to give the finished donut products a desirable crust and true donut flavor. In preferred donut-making procedures, cooking oil is introduced into the chamber during initial stages of cooking, whereupon the oil and cooking-generated steam are displaced from the chamber as the batter cooks and rises.

Abstract: A snack food product is made by frying in hot oil thin pieces of dough made from rusk crumbs, starch, water and, as desired, flavoring and emulsifying ingredients. The product is characterized by relatively dense surface layers and porous interiors.