Abstract: A user-manipulable apparatus uses a steam generator responsive to pressure while also allowing the user to increase or decrease cooking speed, water consumption and energy efficiency of a steam cooker as desired. In one exemplary embodiment, a steam cooker includes a variable-area vent orifice and a steam generator responsive to pressure in the cooking chamber. If the pressure in the cooker is lower than desired, more steam is generated until the pressure reaches a predetermined set point. If the pressure is higher than desired, steam generation is slowed or stopped until the pressure lowers to a predetermined set point.

Abstract: A cooking device, for insertion into food, having a shell with a top portion and a bottom portion, securable together at a latitudinal cross section of the shell. The top portion has one or more steam holes to allow seasoning placed in the device to permeate the food during the cooking process. The cooking device can be stood on its base in an upright position for filling with seasoning, and can then be disposed substantially perpendicular to the upright position during the cooking process, without seasoning that is not in a gaseous phase running or spilling out of the steam holes.

Abstract: The invention provides a solar steam cooker having a solar tube enclosing an inner space and having a close end and an open end, a cover closing the open end, an inner container in the inner space of the solar tube and being rotatable with respect to the solar tube, a sleeve covering on the close end of the solar tube and having an axle, and, a strut supporting the axle of the sleeve. The solar tube is of glass and has a translucent outer layer, a blackbody inner layer and a vacuum space between the outer and the inner layer. The cover has a circular groove covering on the open end of the solar tube. The inner container has a top opening.

Abstract: Improved extruded starch-bearing products (e.g., starches, starch-bearing legumes, starch-bearing grains and formulations containing any of the foregoing) are provided having relatively high cook values and low cold water viscosities. The products are prepared by initial preconditioning to partially cook the starting material(s), followed by low shear extrusion cooking, with a total STE/SME ratio of at least about 4.

Abstract: A multi-functional platform food preparation device is disclosed which has the ability to fry, deep-fry, steam, stir fry, stage, drain, warm and grill foods conveniently on the same cooking platform. The cooking platform can include a built in reservoir for cooking soups, steaming with water, stir frying, and deep frying with oil. The cooking platform also can include a grilling section, a griddle/frying/cooking section, and a warming/draining section. The cooking platform also can include a drain chute connecting the reservoir to a catch bottle to aid in the clean up process. In addition, the reservoir can include a slosh ring positioned around the upper perimeter of the reservoir. Deep frying/boiling/steaming/stir frying, grilling, griddle/frying/cooking, and warming/draining sections can be contained on a single cooking platform to aid in the synchronized preparation of common meals to be prepared together in a fast, convenient and safe manner.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the continuous production of whole nixtamalized corn flour, includes a whole clean corn precooking with a lime solution to effect a partial hydrolysis of pericarp and bran with reduced soluble corn loss in Nejayote wastewater. Moisture content is then stabilized, followed by milling and drying preconditioned corn for further endosperm gelatinization in the whole ground kernel, venting and separating the dry-milled fractions. Adiabatic cooling under a partial vacuum of the vented dry-grind fractions and classifying with an upwardly airstream to strip the fine-grind from the coarse grind while the latter is separated downwardly as a moving bed. Venting and separating the classified fine grind fraction; sifting and recovering the cooled and classified fine grind so segregated from the coarse grind, remilling and further screening the coarse grind produces a whole nixtamalized corn flour for tortilla and whole grain corn-based foods.

Abstract: A method for heating and pasteurizing a material, comprising placing the material inside of a semi-sealed chamber at atmospheric pressure that contains an atmosphere produced by replacing air in the chamber with a gas component produced by spraying or injecting hot water droplets and steam at a temperature of at least 100° C. into the chamber which is heated to a temperature of at least 100° C. which is equal to or higher than the temperature of the sprayed hot water droplets and steam, which gas component has a humidity of at least 95% and contains no more than 1% oxygen; contacting said material to the gas component for exposing it to continual temperature variation during heating ranging from 10-50° C. inside the chamber at temperature(s) ranging from 90-180° C. for a time sufficient to heat or pasteurize it. An apparatus for performing this method.

Abstract: A cooking appliance in accordance with the present invention includes a base, a container engageable with the base and configured to receive one or more food ingredients, a heater for converting a liquid into a cooking vapor and a blade assembly rotatably mounted in the container and having at least one vapor aperture located adjacent to a top of said blade assembly and at least one vapor outlet located adjacent to a bottom of said blade assembly.

Abstract: A process for producing precooked bacon slices comprising the steps of (a) conveying bacon slices through a spiral oven, (b) indirectly cooking the bacon slices in the spiral oven using a cooking medium which is circulated within the oven at a low rate sufficient to prevent the bacon slices from being displaced on the conveyor, and (c) adding steam to the cooking medium as necessary to at least reduce the percentage or substantially eliminate the presence of air in the cooking medium.

Abstract: Improved preconditioners (10) are provided for partial moisturization of human food or animal feed ingredients prior to downstream final processing thereof in an extruder (56) or pellet mill. The preconditioner (10) preferably includes an elongated housing (12) having a wall (14) with an inlet (20) and an opposed outlet (22). The housing (12) also has a larger diameter end wall (16) proximal to the inlet (20), a smaller diameter end wall (18) proximal to outlet (22), and a progressively converging housing wall (14) with a taper angle of from about 2-9°. A shaft (36) extends along the length of housing (14) and supports a plurality of outwardly extending mixing elements (46) positioned in axially and circumferentially spaced relationship along the length of the shaft (36). The outer margins (54) of the mixing elements (46) cooperatively define a taper along the length of the housing wall (14).

Abstract: A method of making precooked meat pieces using a hybrid cooking system comprises preheating meat pieces to a temperature of at least approximately 140° F. to create preheated meat pieces. The preheated meat pieces are transferred to an oven heated with an external heating source. The oven includes internal surfaces, and the external heating source assists in keeping the internal surfaces at a temperature below a smoke point of fat from the meat pieces. The preheated meat pieces are cooked in the oven to a water activity level of 0.92 or less to create precooked meat pieces. Optionally, flavoring could be applied to the precooked meat pieces after the precooked meat pieces have been removed from the oven and before the precooked meat pieces have cooled.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treatment of an outer surface of a food product are provided using a fluid having properties selected for treating the surface and bringing the fluid into contact with an outer surface of the food product in a generally continuous manner in a commercial food processing environment.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for cooking French fries without cooking oil. The apparatus relies on high pressure inert gas at high temperature as the cooking medium. The inert gas acts both as a heat transfer medium to cook the potatoes, and as a protective atmosphere to prevent charring and oxidation of the potatoes.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for steam injection heating of a food product contained in the interior of a container. The apparatus includes a steam generator for generating steam and a steam exit port that is in fluid communication with the steam generator. Steam is injected though the exit port into the container. The apparatus has a surface for permitting the container interior to be put into an at least substantially sealed condition in a substantially closed environment with the exit port in fluid combination with the interior of the container. A container support supports the container and in combination with the sealing surface causes the container to be placed in the at least substantially sealed position.

Abstract: A steam crushed whole grain for reducing the wetting time necessary prior to use of a whole grain baking ingredient in a baking application. A whole grain kernel is formed into a whole grain flake with a plurality of exterior fractures. As the flake is formed, the flake is exposed to steam such that an interior starch portion of the flake is heated by penetration of the steam through the fractures. As the interior starch portion is heated, the flake is partially gelatinized within a range of about 15% to about 35%. The partially gelatinized grain is then milled and crushed for use as a baking ingredient. Prior to use, the partially gelatinized whole grain baking ingredient is wetted for a time less than 4 hours as is typically recommended for traditionally processed whole grains.

Abstract: A system and method for processing citrus peel treating by injecting steam into citrus peel.

Abstract: A steam oven for cooking food placed in a vacuumized and sealed pouch comprises an user interface and an electronic control unit adapted to select a predetermined heating temperature on the basis of a food category chosen by the user and of a maximum predetermined load of food for each sealed pouch, and to select a heating time according to a predetermined reduction of food pathogens.

Abstract: An improved extruder (10) is provided which permits successful introduction of very high quantities of injected steam into material being processed, on the order of 6-8% or more by weight steam. The extruder (10) includes an elongated extruder barrel (12) having at least one elongated, axially rotatable, helically flighted extrusion screw (16,18) therein. The barrel (12) is equipped with obliquely oriented steam injection ports (44, 46) along the length thereof, housing steam injectors (48, 50). The barrel (12) includes relatively high free volume steam injection heads (32 and 38, 40) having therein screw sections (78, 82) of relatively long pitch length, together with steam restriction heads (30, 34, and 42) on opposite sides of the injection heads (32, and 38, 40) having therein relatively short pitch length screw sections (76, 80, 84).

Abstract: A nectarine juice drink and methods of producing a nectarine juice drink are described. The method involves (a) providing nectarines; (b) treating the nectarines with heated, moist air or heated water to produce heat treated nectarines; (c) pressing the heat treated nectarines through one or more filters to produce a nectarine juice solution and (d) combining the nectarine juice solution with one or more plant cell wall degrading agents to produce a nectarine juice drink.

Abstract: Improved extruders and methods for the extrusion cooking of comestible products such as human foods or animal feeds are provided wherein the products may be produced with very low specific mechanical energy (SME) inputs as compared with conventional processing. The methods preferably involve introduction of very high levels of steam into the extruder barrel (12) during processing, which concomitantly reduces necessary SME inputs required to achieve desired cook and expansion levels in the products. In accordance with the invention, fully-cooked pet foods can be fabricated with SME inputs of up to about 18 kWhr/T, whereas aquatic feeds can be fabricated with SME inputs of up to about 16 kWhr/T.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a combined process for generating steam in a steam-baking oven. The oven (2) comprises a baking chamber (3) containing at least one air heating element (10) and at least one fan (4) to keep the air moving inside the baking chamber (3); the oven (2) is associated with a steam generator (5) and is connected to a water supply (6). The combined process includes a saturation step, in which the steam generator (5) is activated until a substantial steam saturation is obtained in the baking chamber (3), and a spraying step in which the steam generator (5) is deactivated and the steam is produced by spraying water onto the heating elements (10); the steam generator (5) is temporarily and periodically activated during the spraying step to keep the steam quality substantially constant.

Abstract: An improved, dual-shaft preconditioner (10, 70, 102) is provided having independent drive mechanism (18, 20, 78, 80) operatively coupled with a corresponding preconditioner shaft (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) and permitting selective rotation of the shafts (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) at rotational speeds and directions independent of each other. Preferably, the speed differential between the shafts (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) is at least about 5:1. The mechanisms (18, 20, 78, 80) are operatively coupled with a digital control device (60) to allow rotational speed and direction control. Preferably, the preconditioner (10, 70, 102) is supported on load cells (62, 100) also coupled with control device (60) to permit on-the-go changes in material retention time within the preconditioner (10, 70, 102).

Abstract: A system (50) is provided for the production of elongated comestible products such as hot dogs, without the use of traditional casings. The system (50) includes a circular pattern of arrays (92) of elongated, open-ended, extruded synthetic resin cooking tubes (92, 94) within a rotatable cylindrical heating drum or housing (70). The tube housing (70) and arrays (92) are incrementally rotated and at each stop position certain of the tubes (92, 94) are filled with portions of meat emulsion (590) and alternating plugs (208), while previously filled tubes (92, 94) containing cooked product are unloaded, and other unfilled tubes are internally coated with a lubricant (e.g., a mixture of lecithin and vegetable oil). Energy exchange media such as hot water and/or steam are used within the housing to continuously cook the emulsion portions within the tubes (92, 94) to the desired extent.

Abstract: An item of cookware having a reservoir for containing a cooking liquid is described herein. The cookware includes an outer surface sized for engagement with a cooking device and retention of one or more food items. A reservoir is disposed within the outer surface in a position for receiving heat from the cooking device. The reservoir is sized to contain one or more food items and a quantity of cooking oil or another liquid sufficient to cook the food items. The outer surface is sloped toward the reservoir, such that oil and other liquids from cooked food items placed on the outer surface drains into the reservoir for reuse, providing both health and economic benefits. The outer surface also receives heat from the cooking device sufficient to warm food items not currently being cooked.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for cooking with steam in a cooking appliance by forming the steam from atomized particles of water.

Abstract: A process for making a diet food product, includes the stage of putting a certain amount of treated pork skin into an s-cutter and pouring in boiled water with 100:400 ratio, then by opening the steam valve and applying steam into the pot for 20-30 minute then, in order to reduce a fat portion, pour the water and apply the steam again for 30˜60 minute with cover closed, then the temperature and the pressure increase and collected at the bottom of the pot, cutting the boiled pork skin, applying 0.67% of salt to produce a gel and making a gel that is sticky, to eliminate the smell, add ginger, garlic, ginseng, soju and then fix the form.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for steam cooking food items in two consecutive steps whereby the food items contained in a food carrier are first preheated in water in a container which is being heated by a heater. After the food items are at or near the cooking temperature, the food carrier is raised above the water and into steam. A cover may be placed on the container so as to retain the steam within the container.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for cooking French fries without cooking oil. The apparatus relies on high pressure inert gas at high temperature as the cooking medium. The inert gas acts both as a heat transfer medium to cook the potatoes, and as a protective atmosphere to prevent charring and oxidation of the potatoes.

Abstract: A device (17) for cooking food such as rice (4) is adapted to perform a cooking process which is performed by heating the food (4) under the influence of boiling water during a period of time. The device (17) comprises means (23) for controlling an operation of the device (17), which controlling means (23) are adapted to operate components of the device (17) in such a way that a total quantity of water (5) to be used in the cooking process is gradually supplied to the food (4), the supply of a major portion of the total quantity of the water (5) being performed when the cooking process is already taking place. Preferably, the cooking process is initiated by evaporating a relatively small portion of the total quantity of the water (5) to steam, supplying this steam to the food (4), and allowing this steam to condense on the food (4).

Abstract: The present inventions are characterized by providing a processing device, processing method and saccharifying method for extrusion cooked beer adjunct so that the saccharification and filtration of mash for the extrusion cooked beer adjunct may be carried out smoothly in the actual production for brewing beer. As compared with the double-mash saccharifying method (including the saccharifying method with additional enzymes) applied currently now, it may omit the mash cooking procedure and the cooking kettle and put the malt grist and the grist of extrusion cooked beer adjunct together into water in the brew kettle or the grist of extrusion cooked beer adjunct, malt grist and water are together put into the brew kettle to carry out the saccharifying. The single-mash saccharifying method of this invention may reduce the energy consumption, decrease the cost of beer production, increase the recoverable ratio of wort extract and raise the beer output.

Abstract: A method of operating a blanching system includes steps of automatically sampling a blanching solution and mixing the sampled blanching solution with a reagent that is formulated to change at least one property according to a concentration of a metal ion in the blanching solution. This property is automatically sensed with an automated sensor and a controller is used to automatically control a concentration of metal ions in the blanching solution in response to a signal that is received from said automated sensor.

Abstract: An oven 1 includes a housing 2 and a hinged cover 3 arranged to be selectively opened and closed. One or more dials 5, buttons 6, and arrow buttons 7 control various functions including activating heat from either the dry heater 10 or the steam heater 12, controlling temperature settings, setting automatic timers, setting displays, setting alarms, and other functions. A circuit or control is used to cycle off the dry heat element 10 when the steam generator 12 requires power to generate steam and to turn the dry heat element 10 back on when the steam generator 12 has cycled off and steam is being introduced into the chamber of the oven 1.

Abstract: Improved extruded starch-bearing grain products (e.g., corn and wheat) are provided having relatively high cook values and low cold water viscosities. The products are prepared by initial preconditioning to partially cook the starting material(s), followed by low shear extrusion cooking, with a total STE/SME ratio of at least about 4.

Abstract: A method of baking bread using steam in an automated household oven with a cooking cavity and a steam system for introducing steam into the cooking cavity comprises determining a presence of bread in the cooking cavity and introducing steam into the cooking cavity upon a positive determination of the presence of bread. After the positive determination, the steam is introduced into the cavity to maintain a desired relative humidity in the cavity for a predetermined period of time to aid in formation of a moist, flexible crust on the bread, and the amount of steam introduced into the cavity decreases after the predetermined period of time. The cavity can be preheated and prehumidified prior to the determining of the presence of the bread in the cooking cavity.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for steam-cooking food products to improve their appearance and decrease yield loss. A steam cooker includes a low-temperature, forced-convection cooking region in series with a high-temperature, steam-impingement cooking region. The food product is conveyed through both regions atop a foraminous conveyor belt. The temperature in the high-temperature cooking region is greater than the temperature in the low-temperature cooking region and less than or equal to 100° C.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for steam injection heating of a liquid or solid edible material. When cooking, the method includes providing a predetermined amount of edible material. A predetermined amount of water supplied from a water tank is injected into a heated cavity to form a quantity of steam that is sufficient to cook the predetermined quantity of edible material when injected therein. The predetermined amount of water is provided by a liquid water injector. The predetermined amount of the edible material may be a single serving, or integer multiples thereof. When heating a serving amount that is an integer multiple of at least two times the amount of a single serving, the predetermined quantity of water is injected in pulses. The number of pulses is the same as the integer multiple of servings being heated, and each pulse contains substantially equal amounts of liquid water.

Abstract: A steamer insert apparatus is disclosed. The steamer insert apparatus includes a steaming platform. The steaming platform is generally round and configured to self-adjust and to suspend from a rim of a cooking pot. The steaming platform is located within the cooking pot in a suspended manner to provide a surface area on which to place a first food item for steaming. The steamer insert apparatus includes an operably coverable opening defined in the steaming platform and through which to access a second food item to cook in water located below the steaming platform. In at least one embodiment, steaming platform includes a pair of risible extensions. A food item larger in diameter than the cooking pot can be placed upon the risible extensions.

Abstract: A steam crushed whole grain for reducing the wetting time necessary prior to use of a whole grain baking ingredient in a baking application. A whole grain kernel is formed into a whole grain flake with a plurality of exterior fractures. As the flake is formed, the flake is exposed to steam such that an interior starch portion of the flake is heated by penetration of the steam through the fractures. As the interior starch portion is heated, the flake is partially gelatinized within a range of about 15% to about 35%. The partially gelatinized grain is then milled and crushed for use as a baking ingredient. Prior to use, the partially gelatinized whole grain baking ingredient is wetted for a time less than 4 hours as is typically recommended for traditionally processed whole grains.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process and system for producing scrambled eggs having a homogenous firmness. The process and system maximizes scrambled egg product consistency and minimizes channeling, fouling and equipment wear previously associated with production of scrambled eggs by periodically interrupting the flow of egg through the system of the invention.

Abstract: An improved, dual-shaft preconditioner (10, 70, 102) is provided having independent drive mechanism (18, 20, 78, 80) operatively coupled with a corresponding preconditioner shaft (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) and permitting selective rotation of the shafts (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) at rotational speeds and directions independent of each other. Preferably, the speed differential between the shafts (14, 16, 74, 76, 106, 108) is at least about 5:1. The mechanisms (18, 20, 78, 80) are operatively coupled with a digital control device (60) to allow rotational speed and direction control. Preferably, the preconditioner (10, 70, 102) is supported on load cells (62, 100) also coupled with control device (60) to permit on-the-go changes in material retention time within the preconditioner (10, 70, 102).

Abstract: A method for steam cooking includes introducing steam, from a steam generator device, into a food cooking container through a supply conduit so that at an inlet opening to the food cooking container the steam enters tangentially to a wall of the food cooking container. The generation of steam is controlled by a control system so as to provide a difference between the pressure in the supply conduit and the pressure in the interior of the food cooking container of at least 1 kPa.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for steam injection heating of a bulk food product. When cooking scrambled eggs, the method includes providing a predetermined amount of liquid uncooked egg. A predetermined amount of water is injected into a heated cavity to form a quantity of steam that is sufficient to cook the predetermined quantity of liquid uncooked egg when injected therein. The liquid egg may be liquid pasteurized whole egg. The predetermined amount of the food product may be a single serving, or integer multiples thereof. When heating a serving amount that is an integer multiple of at least two times the amount of a single serving, the predetermined quantity of water is injected in pulses. The number of pulses is the same as the integer multiple of servings being heated, and each pulse contains substantially equal amounts of liquid water.

Abstract: A commercial cooking apparatus is provided for simultaneous steaming and two-sided grilling of food items having non-uniform thickness and/or variations in nominal thickness. The apparatus includes a compressible, heat-resistant ring member, and optionally a flexible, non-stick, heat-resistant film material associated with the ring member to form a cavity defined by the inner perimeter of the ring member. A cooking method is also disclosed, wherein a food item and a quantity of water are introduced into the cavity, and the food item is simultaneously cooked by the heated upper and lower platens of a conventional clamshell grill or similar apparatus and by steam generated by heating the water.

Abstract: Steam-heat-only, food-preparation bowl structure and related methodology. The bowl structure includes (a) an outer bowl unit having a water well disposed adjacent its base, (b) an inner bowl unit nestable in the outer unit in a condition having its base spaced above the water well whereby water in the well does not contact the inner bowl's base, and with a generally closed, bowl-shaped void space then existing between the two units, the inner unit being constructed to receive a mixable mass of food, and (c) a controllable heater disposed within the well, operable to heat water contained therein to produce steam within the void space. The related methodology includes the steps of (a) applying mixing action to such a mass within the inner bowl unit, and while so applying, vapor-heating the mass indirectly and solely by an adjacent body of steam disposed in the void space between the units.

Abstract: A process for producing precooked bacon slices comprising the steps of (a) conveying bacon slices through a spiral oven, (b) indirectly cooking the bacon slices in the spiral oven using a cooking medium which is circulated within the oven at a low rate sufficient to prevent the bacon slices from being displaced on the conveyor, and (c) adding steam to the cooking medium as necessary to at least reduce the percentage or substantially eliminate the presence of air in the cooking medium.

Abstract: Liquid beverages containing real milk solids are made from concentrates and water using aseptic dispensers which are maintained at ambient temperature. Hot cappuccino, chocolate and tea beverages containing real milk solids are dispensed using aseptic concentrate containers which maintain stable real milk concentrates for at least 30 days up to about 4-6 months at ambient temperature.

Abstract: A process and plant for the production of precooked and gelatinized cereal-based food flours, particularly rise, corn and buckwheat flours, for use in the production of pasta and other food products. The raw untreated flour, possibly with ingredients added thereto, undergoes hydration after being mixed with a metered amount of water, in a fast mixer. Then, the hydrated flour is formed into a layer on a substrate to undergo precooking and gelatinization by steam treatment. The gelatinized flour may be dried into a half-processed flour for later processing or may be processed, after a cooling step, with other ingredients and/or water for the production of fresh or dry pasta or other food products.

Abstract: A method of operating a household oven to bake a casserole with the introduction of steam and controlling the steam to maintain a predetermined level of humidity to control the level of browning of the casserole.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for smokeless cooking of food is claimed. An enclosed cooking chamber with substantially concave walls is provided. A food item is enclosed within the cooking chamber and a heating element is activated to provide direct heat within the chamber. A seasoning compartment beneath the chamber generates moisture which is delivered to the cooking chamber via a tapered duct to increase the volume of moisture to the food.

Abstract: A method of producing a pasta filata cheese product, such as a Mozzarella-type cheese, in a continuous process without emulsifier or pH regulator additives requires preparing a typical pasta filata-type cheese curd and supplying the curd in cut pieces to one end of a processing chamber (14). The chamber (14) has an agitator (18) which rotates to work, knead, stretch and move the curd through the chamber. At the same time, steam is injected into the curd in the chamber through a plurality of injection nozzles (23) spaced along the length of the chamber (14) to heat and cook the cheese while it is simultaneously mechanically worked. The cooked product exiting from the chamber (14) is moulded to a desired shape.