Abstract: A method of reducing fuel and oil consumption in an internal combustion engine in which the cylinder walls of the engine are peened with glass spheres having a diameter within the range of form about 0.002 inches to about 0.004 inches. The glass spheres form a multiplicity of local depressions and surface compression at the points of impact and are directed against the cylinder walls for a period of time sufficient to form the depressions over the entire surface area without leaving flat portions of the surface between the depressions. In some embodiments the cylinder walls are coated with a lubricating agent such as graphite prior to being peened. After the peening step the walls are lightly honed to produce substantially flat supporting areas between the individual depressions.

Abstract: A filled, low or medium density polyethylene or other polyolefin composition is used to form a polymer coating on an internal cylindrical metal surface such as, for example, the interior surface of a pipe.

Abstract: A method for applying a rust-protecting agent in straight as well as curved hollow spaces by means of spraying, either with air or airless, utilizes a flexible hose provided at its front end with a nozzle arranged to provide a radially directed circular spray field. The hose is introduced in the space to be treated and a rust protecting agent is introduced through said hose and the nozzle under such a pressure that the front end of the hose carrying the nozzle partly raises from the inner surface of the space. The hose is withdrawn through all the space.

Abstract: A method of powder coating the inside of tubular goods, such as oil field pipe and the like, by connecting one end of the pipe to a means for producing a flow of compressible gases therethrough. The other end of the pipe is open to atmospheric pressure. A valve means is connected upstream of the pipe between the inlet end thereof and a container for holding a single charge of plastic powder. The charge of powdered plastic is isolated upstream of the pipe inlet. The charge is of sufficient size to coat the entire inside peripheral wall surface of the pipe with a substantial uniform coating of plastic.

Abstract: A process of treating the interior steel walls and gas and/or air moving fans or blowers in electrical precipitation installations with a material containing micro micron sized particles of graphite in a liquid carrier is described that forms a penetrating lubricating adhesive coating on the interior walls and fan blades and blower parts of the electrical precipitation installations and which acts to prevent the accumulation of coal, tar, dust, fly ash and other particles thereon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a trimellitic anhydride ester mixture which is suitable for lacquers and which is obtained by heating trimellitic anhydride together with a diol, in the molar ratio of 1:1 to 2:1, for at least 4 hours at 190.degree. to 250.degree. C., at an external pressure of 5 or 30 Torr for at least part of this time, and in the absence of a catalyst.The mixture is used as curing agent for the epoxide resin in a laquer containing epoxide resin and optionally pigments. The lacquer is used for the inside coating of tins (cans) for foodstuffs.

Abstract: A welding method for stainless steel overlays is disclosed wherein a welded stainless steel overlay is prevented from exfoliating out of an inner surface of a high pressure vessel. Hydrogen exists at a partial pressure of less than 150 kg/cm.sup.2 and a temperature less then 450.degree. C. in the pressure vessel. At least one low alloy steel weld-overlay is preliminarily welded over the inner surface of the pressure vessel. The preliminarily low alloy steel weld-overlay is composed of similar composition to the base metal of the vessel, containing niobium and/or nickel. Thereafter, at least one customary ferritic steel or austenitic steel weld-overlay is welded thereon.

Abstract: A viscous damping device positioned between a gimbal shaft and a bearing sleeve supporting the gimbal shaft is provided for damping a gyro apparatus in a rotational direction. The viscous damping device comprises first and second rings fixed to an outer periphery of the gimbal shaft. A circular groove provided in the first ring is complementary with a circular protrusion of the second ring, so that damping liquid initially poured into the circular groove is made to fill an air gap between the outer peripheries of the rings and an inner wall of the bearing sleeve by inserting the circular protrusion into the circular groove.

Abstract: A process for polymerization of vinyl halide monomers in reactors with interior walls treated with a coating composition to prevent buildup said coating composition comprising a mixture of at least one compound chosen from the group consisting of monomeric aliphatic and aromatic amines, and at least one compound chosen from the group consisting of oxy-group substituted aromatic compounds and quinone type compounds. One embodiment is directed towards low temperature formation of the coating product in the presence of oxygen and on the reactor surface. Another embodiment concerns preforming the coating product and then applying it to the reactor surfaces.

Abstract: A method of cleaning and renewing sections of pipe is disclosed wherein the flow of fluid through the pipe is shut off and a scrubbing element is inserted into one end of the pipe. The scrubbing element is advanced through the pipe while at the same time ejecting a cleaning fluid to clean the inside of the pipe section. The inner surface of the section is then scraped to remove materials adhering to the inside of the section which were not previously removed. The removed materials are then flushed from the inside of the section and the section is dried. The inside of the section is then painted by passing a painting device through the section which applies a mixture of paint and hardening liquid to the inside of the pipe. A device is also disclosed for coating the inner surface of a pipe which comprises a casing, an air motor and a cowling operatively connected to the motor for scattering coating liquid fed to the device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to apparatus for the continuous enamelling of tubes. The apparatus disclosed incorporates an upender which is installed with provision for displacement along guides so as to transfer pipes from a horizontal position into a vertical one. These guides are arranged in vertical parallel planes, at least one guide in each plane, and each of the guides consists of several portions: a horizontal portion, an inclined one, and a portion running vertically so as to transfer the tubes to a trolley located on an annular splitable monorail which is made up of immovable sections and movable ones which displace in the vertical plane integrally with the tube during the process of enamelling. The apparatus also incorporates a means of applying enamelling slip and a means of heating designed to dry and fuse the slip. The apparatus disclosed displays a high capacity and allows to apply the slip to tubes of various lengths and diameters.

Abstract: Diffusion coatings can be masked from portions of a workpiece by combination of layers, the outer one of which forms coherent strong shell that holds inner layer or layers in place. All ingredients of these layers can be materials such as nickel, nickel aluminide, chromium, chromic oxide (Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3) and inert diluent that do not contaminate superalloys or even low alloy or plain carbon steels. Such a holding shell can also be used to retain on a workpiece surface a layer that causes formation of a diffusion coating. Low alloy steel conduit can be internally chromized and/or externally chromized or aluminized to make it more desirable for use as high pressure steam boiler heat exchange tubing. Nickel articles aluminized with deep Ni.sub.2 Al.sub.3 layer that has outer skin more heavily aluminized can have aluminum correspondingly leached out from outer skin only.

Abstract: Coating compositions for use in coating can insides which consist essentially of a polar group-containing polyolefin and at least one solvent for the polyolefin, the polyolefin being dispersed in the solid particulate form in the solvent; and a method for applying the same.

Abstract: A process of treating the interior steel walls and gas and/or air moving fans or blowers in electrical precipitation installations with a material containing micron colloidal particles of graphite in a liquid carrier is described that forms a penetrating and surface coating on the interior walls and fan blades and blower parts of the electrical precipitation installation and which acts to prevent the accumulation of coal tar, dust, fly ash and other particles thereon.

Abstract: Two spray coatings are successively applied, without an intervening curing step, to coat the inside surface of a shell for a two-piece can. This "wet-on-wet" coating technique utilizes zone spraying, wherein only the sidewall is covered during the first application, with the second coat being applied to all inside surfaces.

Abstract: A method of rejoining seals at joints in underground pipelines comprises moving a carriage inside a pipeline beyond a joint to be reformed and rapidly spraying a synthetic polymerizable material to cover the joint from a spraying head mounted on the carriage and displaced relatively slowly with respect thereto. The carriage has means for propelling it on rolling members, for anchoring it in the pipeline, and for moving an arm on which the spraying head is mounted.

Abstract: The present anti-corrosive paint is for use on the inner walls of oil containers to protect said container walls from corrosion caused by micro-organisms.

Abstract: A method of coating the inner surface of a sheath of titanium, zirconium, tantalum or an alloy of one of these metals with a tinning metal or alloy comprising heating the sheath while the inner surface thereof is covered with the tinning metal or alloy in a molten state and moving an ultrasonically excited probe over substantially the whole of the outer surface of the sheath, the probe being in contact with said outer surface.

Abstract: A powder coating composition of a mixture of epoxy resins is obtained by blending two types of epoxy resins with a curing agent. One resin is of the epichlorohydrin-bisphenol-A type. The other resin is an epichlorohydrin-bisphenol-A epoxy modified with an epoxy-novolac. Cure is obtained by using a dicyandiamide crosslinking agent. The composition is useful as a coating for the interior of food and beverage containers. The composition is also useful as a lining in hot-water services when finely divided polyvinylidine fluoride powder is added for hydrophobicity.

Abstract: A hybrid integrated circuit package and a method for fabricating the package. The package comprises a ceramic substrate having a blank metallization and feedthroughs screen printed thereon. A ceramic seal ring is joined to the substrate to form the side walls of the package. The substrate metallization is plated with nickel and gold and external leads are brazed to the ends of the feedthroughs. As such the package is suitable for use with a large number of different integrated circuits. The package can be adapted for use with a particular integrated circuit function by selectively patterning the blank substrate metallization. This is accomplished by laminating a preformed piece of dry film photoresist material to the package bottom. This piece of photoresist is then exposed through a photographic mask using a collimated light source.

Abstract: Corrosive chemicals are contained in metallic vessels, the inside portion of which is coated with a homogeneous, porous polymer containing inorganic filler. The particle size, shape and distribution provides a controlled porosity which allows entrapped permeants from the corrosive chemical to escape, yet does not significantly affect the utility of the protective coating as a chemical corrosion barrier protecting the metallic vessel.

Abstract: A method for producing a water-soluble cationic polymer by polymerizing, in the presence of water, a high concentration of (a) at least one vinyl monomer represented by the following general formula (I)ch.sub.2 .dbd.cr.sub.1 coor.sub.2 n.sup..sym. r.sub.3 r.sub.4 r.sub.5 x.sup..crclbar. (i)wherein R.sub.1 is --H or --CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 --; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, each is --CH.sub.3 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ; R.sub.5 is --C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 where n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 4, --CH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5, or --CH.sub.2 COOH; and X is Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, 1/2SO.sub.4.sup.-- or CH.sub.3 SO.sub.4.sup.

Abstract: A method for coating a slender, cylindrical container with a thin, resinous coating by spraying powdered resin is disclosed. The technique involves spraying of finely divided resin particles entrained in a gas stream at a substantially uniform rate at a velocity of from about 20 ft/min. to about 1000 ft/min. from a nozzle. The container may be sprayed by directing a continuous flow of resin particles at an accurate, predetermined rate into the container to deposit a substantially uniformly distributed coating. Alternatively, a pulse of a predetermined quantum of resin may be sprayed into a container. The resin particles are caused to adhere to the container by preheating the container, by inducing an electrostatic charge on the resin particles, or a combination of both. The coating may be matured by preheating the container to a high temperature or by postheating the coated container at temperatures in excess of about 300.degree. F.

Abstract: A protective curable coating containing a polymerization inhibitor, extractable from the cured coating, which is applied to surfaces located above the liquid level of a storage tank containing a polymerizable alkenyl aromatic monomer, e.g., styrene, vinyl toluene, divinyl benzene on which surfaces said monomer tends to condense. The monomer condensing on the surfaces which have been coated extracts some of the inhibitor from the coating and thus polymerization on these surfaces is prevented or substantially restricted.

Abstract: This specification disclosed a method of and apparatus for the application of sealant gasketing or protective material to a can end or to other container members in which a transfer head having a transfer face in the shape of the container member area to be covered by the sealant is covered with sealant and the container member brought into contact with at least the sealant on the transfer face to achieve transfer of the sealant to the container member. In one form the transfer head has a passage opening to the transfer face through which sealant is pumped to cover the transfer face. In another form the transfer head is arranged to be immersed in a tank of sealant to cover the transfer face with sealant.

Abstract: The interior of cylindrical metal containers are coated with a thin, substantially uniform comestible coating by spraying finely divided resinous particles into the container after it has been preheated by a plasma arc-generated flame to a temperature above the softening point of the resin. The process is capable of coating containers at rates up to about 600 containers per minute with a substantially pore-free film having a thickness less than about one mil to as low as 0.1 mil and lower. Typical of containers coated by the process are conventional two-piece aluminum containers. Typical preheat temperatures are from about 150.degree. F. to about 525.degree. F. for aluminum containers and from about 150.degree. F. to about 1000.degree. F. for steel containers. A typical preheat time is from about 30 to about 300 milliseconds. Typical resins are finely divided thermosetting epoxy powders. The plasma arc device may also be used to post-heat coated containers to mature the coating.

Abstract: A method of producing a refractory lining in a cylinder or tube by initiating an exothermic reduction reaction, such as an aluminothermic reduction reaction, within the cylinder and causing the reaction products to coat the interior of the tube substantially uniformly. The product of the method, a ceramic-or refractory-lined cylinder, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A refractory lined, abrasion resistant tuyere for a metallurgical furnace is produced by causing an aluminothermic reduction reaction within a cylindrical metal shell, such that the metallic reaction product forms a layer within the cylinder and the slag reaction product forms a second layer overlying the first layer thereby providing an abrasion resistant refractory lining.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dispensing a fluid in a conduit and more particularly for dispensing lubricant within an electrical conduit for facilitating pulling electrical cables through the conduit. The apparatus is in the form of a cartridge disposed in the conduit at an end thereof. The cartridge is made of a pair of sealed and separable members. One of the members is a flanged sleeve forming the casing of the cartridge, in which is coaxially disposed the separable member forming a tubular support member or carrier for a mass of resilient and absorbent lubricant impregnated porous material compressibly packed between the inner surface of the sleeve casing and the carrier. A cable pulling strand, or fishtape, is passed through the tubular carrier, and the cables to be pulled through the conduit are attached to the end of the fishtape. A plug inserted in the open end of the tubular carrier prevents the fishtape and the cables attached thereto from being pulled back through the carrier.

Abstract: In a continuous process wherein corrosion resistant and paint adherent coatings are formed on metallic articles and wherein prior to the formation of said coatings, the articles are first subjected to a pre-cleaning stage in which oil emulsion is removed from the surfaces of the articles by washing the articles with an aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier and the removed oil emulsion is broken and the oil recovered, and wherein the articles having the oil emulsion removed from their surfaces are thereafter subjected to a second cleaning stage in which the articles are contacted with a cleaning solution to remove metal fines from the surfaces of the articles, the improvement comprising including a chelating agent in said aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier to aid in breaking said oil emulsion and to deter or prevent the formation of precipitates in the cleaning solution of said second cleaning stage.

Abstract: A gas phase aluminizing process for alloys based on Group VI B and VIII metals such as chromium, iron, cobalt and nickel is disclosed. The process is particularly useful in the coating of internal passages of complex high temperature gas turbine hardware such as blades and vanes, where it has been found that the complex aluminum halide activators used herein have a "throwing power" greater than was heretofore obtained with the conventional halide activators such as ammonium chloride in the gas phase process.

Abstract: A method of preparing a heat-transfer member having a porous metallic heat-transfer interface comprising the steps of:(a) disposing at least one surface of a substrate in contact with a solution containing a salt of a thermally conductive metal, and(b) depositing said metal from said solution upon said substrate so as to form a dendritic metallic layer thereon constituting said porous heat-transfer interface.

Abstract: A method for producing a barrier in a thermally insulated container lined with polyurethane foam for storage or transport of liquefied gases, wherein a plurality of layers of an epoxy resin formulation and a glass-fiber material are applied in a particular sequence resulting in a barrier of superior quality essentially free of pinhole flaws.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a heat-insulating polyurethane foam lining of a container having a rigid outer shell with flat inner wall surfaces that intersect to form corners of the container for transport or storage of liquefied gases is disclosed. The flat inner surfaces of the rigid outer shell of the container located in both sides of a corner of the container are covered with polyurethane foam by spraying layers of polyurethane foam onto the surfaces and on top of each other. The end parts of the layers of polyurethane foam which are located adjacent to the corner at the intersection of two surfaces are cut or ground to form a gap defined by substantially flat planes adjacent to the corner. A thin layer of a sealing material is then applied onto the flat planes of the gap and allowed to set. The sealing material may be either an epoxy resin formulation or a polyurethane resin formulation.

Abstract: A method of drying cans to be covered with a layer of varnish and/or a printed upon layer, according to which the can body is brought into snug body engagement with a heating body along that can surface which is located opposite the can surface to be covered with the layer while the temperature of the heating body is controlled in conformity with the maximum temperature for hardening the layer to be applied to the respective can.

Abstract: A method comprising the application of colloidally suspended graphite emulsified in water as a parting agent to hot surfaces and in particular to ladles to facilitate pouring therefrom and the formation of sound castings.

Abstract: An aluminum container has an inner surface treated to suppress foaming of carbonated liquids subsequently placed therein by first chemically cleaning the aluminum surface, forming a conversion coating on the surface using a solution containing ions of phosphate, hexavalent chromium and fluoride; and treating the coated aluminum surface with an aqueous solution containing glycerol.

Abstract: The interior of a pipe is coated with a uniform thickness of plastic. A fluidized bed of heat-meltable plastic material in particular form is connected to the inlet end of the pipe, while the opposed end of the pipe is made attachable to a source of reduced pressure. A source of compressible fluid is also connected to the inlet end of the pipe. The pipe is preheated and then rotated axially while the compressible fluid flows therethrough. The compressible fluid flowing to the inlet is suddenly terminated while a flow from the fluidized bed is immediately established so that the vacuum at the outlet end of the pipe causes uninterrupted mass flow and pulls a finite pocket of the finely divided plastic into the pipe. The flow of particular plastic material is terminated, while the flow of compressed gas is immediately re-established, thereby pushing the pocket of plastic material into and through the pipe.

Abstract: Oil emulsion is removed from the surfaces of articles by washing the articles with an aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier, thereby forming a turbulent mixture of the wash water, the demulsifier and the oil emulsion. The demulsifier is effective in breaking the oil emulsion. The liberated oil is allowed to form a separate phase in the solution of wash water/demulsifier, and is removed therefrom in a quiescent stage. The aqueous solution of wash water and demulsifier having the oil removed therefrom is recycled to wash oil emulsion from other of said articles. The preferred demulsifiers are ammonium and alkali metal sulfates and bisulfates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reactionvessel having an approximate monolayer coating on the inner surface thereof resulting from applying thereto an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide coating solution containing a straight chain or branched polyaromatic amine and a dispersant operable in aqueous media, such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohol. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< grouping, and mixtures thereof, in the presence of said coating, polymer build-up on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially eliminated. Further, multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer to the atmosphere.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymerization reaction vessel having a coating on the inner surfaces thereof resulting from applying thereto a coating composition containing, as a primary ingredient, (1) the self-condensation product of a polyhydric phenol, or (2) the condensation product of two or more polyhydric phenols, or (3) the self-condensation product of a polyhydric naphthol, dissolved in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution. When polymerizing olefinic monomers, such as vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, and vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group, and mixtures thereof, in the presence of said coating, polymer build-up on the inner surfaces of the reaction vessel is substantially eliminated. Further, multiple charges or batches of polymer can be made in said internally coated reaction vessel without opening the same between charges thus preventing the escape of unreacted monomer to the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: A penstock comprising a frame having an opening therein and a door slidable within the frame across said opening to close same by vertical movement between fixed vertical guide members slidably engaging the side edge regions of said door, wherein at least one of said members at each side forms a resilient vertical seal, said penstock including a base invert seal which is produced by temporarily and at least partially compressing said resilient vertical seal, forming a pad of resilient material onto which the lower edge of the door in use will close and causing said resilient material to form a seal around the lower end region of the resilient vertical seal prior to releasing the temporary compressive force applied to the latter, the resilient pad being preferably formed by introducing the material in liquid form into a channel defined by limit strips such that the liquid flows around the lower end region of said resilient vertical seal to become bonded thereto, said compressive force being maintained until th

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for the immersion treatment of discrete lengths of galvanized conduit to inhibit the formation of "white rust" on the conduit surfaces are disclosed. The conduit is continually conveyed successively through three treatment zones comprising a cleaning bath containing a cleaning agent which removes lubricating oils, greases, dirt and the like from the conduit interior and exterior surfaces, a rinse bath and a coating bath containing a coating agent including chromate ions and a polymeric coating composition. A rotary star wheel-type conveyor is arranged in each treatment zone for transporting the conduits in spaced, substantially parallel relation to each other about an arcuate path through each bath and for inclining the conduit above the bath for a time effective to drain excess liquid from the interior and exterior conduit surfaces. Effective draining of excess liquid prior to entry to another zone minimizes contamination of the various baths and yields a high quality product.

Abstract: Improved process for applying locking patches of resilient resin to internally threaded articles such as nuts having openings at both ends of the threaded portions in which process there is used apparatus including, a support and treating member, preferably a rotatable, circular table with edge notches complementary to a portion of the exterior of a threaded article to be treated, which receives a succession of threaded articles heated to a temperature above the melting point of the resin to be applied and moves the articles along a path for treatment with the axes of the threaded articles in an up and down position and with the openings at the upper and lower ends of the threaded portions substantially uncovered, conduits on the support and treating member are associated with each threaded article to direct particles of heat fusible resin upwardly through the opening at the lower end of the article against a portion of the threaded surface of the article to form a first deposit of resin on an area of the thr

Abstract: A method of producing a refractory lining in a cylinder or tube by initiating an exothermic reduction reaction, such as an aluminothermic reduction reaction, within the cylinder and causing the reaction products to coat the interior of the tube substantially uniformly. The product of the method, a ceramic-or refractory-lined cylinder, is also disclosed.

Abstract: This application describes a method of rejuvenating reticulated polyurethane materials, particularly those containing ester-type linkages which have been hydrolyzed after being exposed to moisture containing hydrocarbon fuel and/or highly humid environments. The process consists of treating the polyurethane with cross-linking compounds, such as diisocyanates and polyfunctional epoxy compounds.

Abstract: A method for facilitating the removal or preventing the adherence of residual oil in oil tankers and other vessels or containers, on the surfaces of oil spill cleanup equipment such as skimmers and booms, and on sucker rods or other surfaces in oil wells, by coating surfaces contacting the oil with a film of a polymer that prevents or reduces oil adherence. Materials effective in reducing oil adherence are oleophobic films formed by complexing a polyacrylamide or carboxymethylcellulose in the presence of water with salts of polyvalent metals such as aluminum, chromium and iron.

Abstract: An article having an outer surface and an inner cavity, such as a hole or channel with a metallic inner surface, is provided with an inner metallic coating on the inner surface and, in one form, an outer metallic coating on the outer surface. The inner coating is provided as a result of decomposition and subsequent thermal homogenization of one or more organic compounds including Al, Cr or Ni or alloys including one or more of those elements. The outer coating can be the same as the inner coating or can be a metallic coating of one of a variety of known metallic coatings.

Abstract: Silanol containing organopolysiloxane resins, especially useful as release resins, prepared by the acetone-water hydrolysis of an organohalosilane blend consisting essentially of about 60 mole percent methyltrichlorosilane, 35 mole percent phenyltrichlorosilane and about 5 mole percent dimethyldichlorosilane, are provided. Cooking utensils, particularly baking utensils coated with the same are also provided.

Abstract: A continuous process for lining pipes with thermosettable polymer made from prepolymer and curing agent, comprising the steps of: heating and degassing the prepolymer and storing it in a first storage tank; providing the curing agent in liquid form at a curing temperature in a second storage tank; recycling the prepolymer and the curing agent between the storage tanks and a mixing head which is selectively operable to mix and discharge the reagents; arranging each pipe with its longitudinal axis inclined at an angle to the horizontal; introducing a selected amount of the polymer mixture into the pipe at a predetermined rate so that the liquid material flows down along the pipe; and shifting the pipe to a horizontal position and spinning the pipe about its axis to distribute the material, spinning continuing until the material has set.