Abstract: The present invention relates to a packaging material for use in an oral pouched snuff product in order to enclose a smokeless tobacco composition or non-tobacco composi¬tion. The packaging material is a saliva-permeable nonwoven comprising carded fibres, whereof 0%-95% of the carded fibres are of a first type and 5%-100% are of a second type. The fibres of the first type are cellulose-based staple fibres. The fibres of the second type are thermoplastic fibres, comprising a first component and a second component, the second component having a lower melting temperature than the first component. The packaging material is bonded by means of at least partial melting and/or softening of the second component of the fibres of the second type and has a smooth-calendered surface. The present invention also relates to an oral pouched snuff product comprising such a packaging material.

Abstract: A smokeless tobacco product is provided. The tobacco product is configured for insertion into the mouth of a user of that product, which includes a water-permeable pouch containing a tobacco formulation that includes a granular tobacco composition, wherein the pouch is constructed of a spunlaid fleece material, which may be thermally sealed for closure and which may be formed of biodegradable polymer fiber.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a synthetic closure for a product-retaining container constructed for being inserted and securely retained in a portal-forming neck of said container, said closure comprising at least a core member comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer, and at least one peripheral layer at least partially surrounding and intimately bonded to at least one surface of the core member, said peripheral layer comprising at least one thermoplastic polymer, wherein the synthetic closure is formed by extrusion, and at least one of the core member and the peripheral layer comprises a plurality of cells, and wherein the synthetic closure comprises cork powder.

Abstract: A method of the present invention for producing a calcium phosphate complex including a substrate and calcium phosphate bonded to a surface of the substrate, the method includes the steps of: (a) treating the surface of the substrate; and (b) bonding the calcium phosphate onto the surface of the substrate after the step (a), the step (a) being the step of placing the surface of the substrate in contact with ozone water. Therefore, the method of the present invention makes it possible to bond calcium phosphate and the substrate at a high bonding strength and at a high coverage. In addition, the method of the present invention provides an easy method for producing a calcium phosphate complex.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composite laminar material with high mechanical strength and methods of fabricating the material. The invention also provides a method of attaching a medical implant device to tissue.

Abstract: Methods of treating wood including modifying a cell wall of the wood to be positively charged to form a cationic wood cell wall; and contacting a negatively charged silicon layer to the cationic wood cell wall to form a barrier, wherein the negatively charged silicon layer includes a silicate ester group, a silinol group, a silicon oxide group or a combination thereof are described. Treated wood compositions including a wood structure having an outer layer including a wood cell having a cell wall attached to a silicon layer which includes a silicate ester group, a silinol group, a silicon oxide group or a combination thereof are also described.

Abstract: Composite materials with a polymer matrix, low resistivity graphite coated fillers having exfoliated and pulverized graphite platelets coated on an outer surface of high resistivity fillers, are provided. The fillers can be fibers or particles. The composite materials incorporating the graphite coated fillers as reinforcements can be electrostatically painted without using a conductive primer on the polymer matrix.

Abstract: A vehicle seat assembly that supports a person in a sitting position may have a seat cushion that cushions the person while sitting. A piece of seating material that is formed of leather and/or faux leather may have an inner side that covers at least a portion of an outer surface of the cushion and an outer side that has a hydrographically applied printing design thereon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for dry-cleaning leather, characterized by treating the leather with compound (I), wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are defined as in the description.

Abstract: A leather finishing process in which, in pertinent part, a warm water milling step is added after the base coat is applied to “crust” leather and cured. The warm water contains at least one dye fixation agent including but not limited to about 0.1-2.0% by weight of formic acid. Moreover, the base coat itself is an aqueous base coat containing at least two polymers such as an acrylic salt or a polyurethane salt. Between the polymeric constituents of the base coat, the acid fixation agent, and the use of the warm water milling step after the base coat has been applied and dried, a surprisingly natural feel to the leather is attained without loss of excellent adhesion, wear-resistance and other properties when the leather is completely finished.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a spindle motor manufacturing method for forming an oil repellent film which prevents a lubricating oil from flowing out, on a predetermined area adjacent to a hydrodynamic bearing, the predetermined area being located on at least one of a stationary member and a rotating member. The spindle motor manufacturing method mentioned above comprises a step of supplying an oil repellent solution by a supplying portion onto a part of the predetermined area for forming the oil repellent film, a step of applying an air current to the part of the predetermined area on which the oil repellent solution is supplied so as to peel off an excess part of the oil repellent solution supplied onto the part of the predetermined area, and a step of making a relative movement of the predetermined area in which the oil repellent film is formed, the relative movement being made with respect to the supplying portion by which the oil repellent solution is supplied.

Abstract: To provide fine particle films including fine particles which are arranged at a high density in a highly accurate and regular manner is enabled. The fine particle film is a fine particle film including a substrate and plural number of protein fine particles which are arranged on the surface of the substrate in a plane direction parallel to the surface of the substrate, wherein each of the protein fine particles has plural number of first binding sites and one or more second binding sites respectively including a condensed amino acid, and each of the first binding sites binds to other first binding site carried by an adjacent fine particle while the second binding site binds to the substrate, wherein at least a part of the condensed amino acids constituting the second binding site are substituted.

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel methods for enhancing the mechanical performance of tissue adhesives and sealants which comprises employing a primer molecule in association with a tissue adhesive or sealant, wherein the primer molecule serves to enhance the strength of the interface between the tissue and the adhesive matrix. The primer molecules described herein function to interact with a protein present in the tissue, thereby altering its characteristics to make it more amenable to bonding with the adhesive matrix. Primer molecules may be applied to the tissue independently from the tissue adhesive or sealant or may be mixed with the tissue adhesive or sealant prior to application to the tissue.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to compositions and systems for forming biomaterials containing a transient colorant for visualizing tissue or surgical materials coated with such biomaterials, to methods of using such compositions as bioadhesives, for tissue augmentation, in the prevention of surgical adhesions, for coating surfaces of synthetic implants, as drug delivery matrices, for ophthalmic applications, and in other applications.

Abstract: Aqueous polyurethane formulations, their use and substrates which are coated with such formulations are described.

Abstract: To provide fine particle films including fine particles which are arranged at a high density in a highly accurate and regular manner is enabled. The fine particle film is a fine particle film including a substrate and plural number of protein fine particles which are arranged on the surface of the substrate in a plane direction parallel to the surface of the substrate, wherein each of the protein fine particles has plural number of first binding sites and one or more second binding sites respectively including a condensed amino acid, and each of the first binding sites binds to other first binding site carried by an adjacent fine particle while the second binding site binds to the substrate, wherein at least a part of the condensed amino acids constituting the second binding site are substituted.

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel methods for enhancing the mechanical performance of tissue adhesives and sealants which comprises employing a primer molecule in association with a tissue adhesive or sealant, wherein the primer molecule serves to enhance the strength of the interface between the tissue and the adhesive matrix. The primer molecules described herein function to interact with a protein present in the tissue, thereby altering its characteristics to make it more amenable to bonding with the adhesive matrix. Primer molecules may be applied to the tissue independently from the tissue adhesive or sealant or may be mixed with the tissue adhesive or sealant prior to application to the tissue.

Abstract: An aqueous composition suitable for use, when dry, as an improved coating is provided including an aqueous emulsion polymer, the polymer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) from greater than 20° C. to 80° C., formed by the free radical polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated nonionic acrylic monomer and 0-7.5%, by weight based on the total weight of the polymer, ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer in the presence of 0.01-1.0%, by weight based on the total weight of the polymer, t-alkyl hydroperoxide, t-alkyl peroxide, or t-alkyl perester wherein the t-alkyl group includes at least 5 Carbon atoms and, optionally, at least one other oxidant. A method of preparing the emulsion polymer, a method for providing a coated substrate wherein the coating contains the emulsion polymer having a Tg from −20° C. to 80° C., and a method for improving the scrub resistance of a coating by including the emulsion polymer having a Tg from −20° C. to 80° C.

Abstract: Protein macromolecular dyes, A(B)b are disclosed, wherein A are protein macromolecules including natural protein macromolecules and modified natural protein macromolecules such as casein, gelatin and fur-protein; B are dyes including azo dyes, azo metal complex dyes and anthraquinone dyes which can react with the amino groups of the natural and modified protein macromolecules; b are integers between 1˜2500. The protein macromolecular dyes have excellent properties of crosslinking ability, better dyeing fastness, fixation ration than conventional dyes and the function of normal macromolecules such as compatibility, abilities of filling and forming membranes. They may be used in dyeing protein materials such as leather, wool and silk.

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel methods for enhancing the mechanical performance of tissue adhesives and sealants which comprises employing a primer molecule in association with a tissue adhesive or sealant, wherein the primer molecule serves to enhance the strength of the interface between the tissue and the adhesive matrix. The primer molecules described herein function to interact with a protein present in the tissue, thereby altering its characteristics to make it more amenable to bonding with the adhesive matrix. Primer molecules may be applied to the tissue independently from the tissue adhesive or sealant or may be mixed with the tissue adhesive or sealant prior to application to the tissue.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new and useful nonstick coating for use on pure aluminum, alloys of aluminum, or aluminized steel surfaces. A nonstick coating according to the present invention includes a ceramic substrate disposed on an aluminum surface and a fluorocarbon polymer coating disposed on the ceramic substrate. The ceramic substrate, prior to firing, includes at least two layers: a first or bottom layer applied to the aluminum surface including an enamel ground coat; and a second or top layer applied over the enamel ground coat layer including a blend of one or more glass frits, non-ceramic refractory particles, and non-vitreous inorganic oxide particles. Upon firing, the ceramic substrate includes a continuous layer of vitreous enamel that is bonded to the aluminum surface. The exposed surface of the ceramic substrate has a micro-rough texture that is enriched with bonding sides for binder resins used in a fluorocarbon polymer primer layer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a metal-carbon fiber matrix composite material which comprises removing a sizing agent from a bundle of carbon fibers, dipping the bundle of carbon fibers sequentially in an alkoxide solution and an alcohol, and then infiltrating the bundle of carbon fibers with a molten metal.

Abstract: A method for producing leather generally including the steps of: (a) providing wet blue, full grain skins, (b) applying a liquid chrome solution to the skins while at a pH of 3.5 or lower, (c) raising the pH level of the skins to at least approximately 6.0 or above, (d) retaining the skins with a vegetable tanning agent, (e) introducing the skins to a dye bath, (f) introducing lubricants into the dye bath, (g) fixing the dyestuff and lubricants in the skins while reducing the pH level to the range of 3.3-3.8, (g) introducing the skins to a second dye bath, (h) fixing the dyestuff while reducing the pH level to a range of 3.0-3.5, (i) introducing the skins to a float containing a waterproofing agent, (j) fixing the waterproofing agent while reducing the pH level to approximately 3.0, (k) capping the skins to remove emulsifiers, and (1) introducing the skins to a bath containing flame resistant agents.

Abstract: A cork stopper for a wine bottle or the like is coated with, for example, silicone rubber to prevent impurities in the cork from contaminating the contents of the bottle. The coating may be applied by dipping or immersion preferably with ultrasonic agitation to improve penetration of the coating material into the cork pores. Prior to coating, the corks may be soaked in a solvent to leach out taint compounds from the surface of the cork, thereby reducing the likelihood of such compounds concentrating on the coating surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to aqueous polyurethane formulations comprising

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel methods for enhancing the mechanical performance of tissue adhesives and sealants which comprises employing a primer molecule in association with a tissue adhesive or sealant, wherein the primer molecule serves to enhance the strength of the interface between the tissue and the adhesive matrix. The primer molecules described herein function to interact with a protein present in the tissue, thereby altering its characteristics to make it more amenable to bonding with the adhesive matrix. Primer molecules may be applied to the tissue independently from the tissue adhesive or sealant or may be mixed with the tissue adhesive or sealant prior to application to the tissue.

Abstract: A process involving the application of an aromatic oil-modified polyurethane coating with a softening agent to specifically prepared solid synthetic organic and natural organic formed substrate materials wherein the coating has the capability of receiving subsequently-applied coloring agents and adhesives.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing a fabric for ink jet printing and to an ink jet printing method for imparting to the fabric a clear and sharp image free from ink oozing in ink jet printing. Specifically, it relates to a method of manufacturing a fabric for ink jet printing which is characterized in that an aqueous treatment solution having a water-insoluble solvent dispersed or emulsified in an aqueous polymer solution is imparted to the fabric and dried; and to an ink jet printing method characterized in that the ink jet printing is made with the ink jet printing fabric used and that after developing, the pretreatment agent is removed by washing the fabric.

Abstract: A method of substantially eliminating shading in a carpet by steaming the pile tufts and positively orientating the pile tufts in a predetermined direction. The positive orientation of the tufts is achieved by engagement with a scroll roll, which is preferably a smooth roller having axially or helically extending ribs or grooves.

Abstract: The present invention concerns novel methods for enhancing the mechanical performance of tissue adhesives and sealants which comprises employing a primer molecule in association with a tissue adhesive or sealant, wherein the primer molecule serves to enhance the strength of the interface between the tissue and the adhesive matrix. The primer molecules described herein function to interact with collagen present in the tissue, thereby altering its characteristics to make it more amenable to bonding with the adhesive matrix. Primer molecules may be applied to the tissue independently from the tissue adhesive or sealant or may be mixed with the tissue adhesive or sealant prior to application to the tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for waterproofing leathers, furs and other fibrous materials wherein waterproofing is carried out with conventional water repellents in the presence of dispersing or stabilizing auxiliary agents at pH-values of 3.5 to 5. Alkoxy-groups-containing copolymers, synthetic or natural fatliquors and/or synthetic retanning agents (syntans) are preferably used as dispersing or stabilizing auxiliary agents.

Abstract: This invention describes a method for manufacturing a photographic support which includes providing a support and laminating a surface of the support with a polymer resin formulation containing from 0.001 to 1 weight percent antioxidant at a temperature of from 305.degree. to 360.degree. C. while exposing the polymer resin formulation to an ozone containing gas at a rate of greater than 0.1 mg/m.sup.2 of said support.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for coating leather with an anionically modified polyurethane urea prepared by(1) reacting(A) an aromatic diisocyanate,(B) a polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight greater than 1500,(C) at least one compound containing 1 to 2 isocyanate-reactive groups and at least one ionic group, and(D) a polyamine having a number average molecular weight of at least 32,wherein the average total functionality of compounds (B), (C), and (D) is 1.85 to 2.2 and the molar ratio between the NCO groups of component (A) and the NCO-reactive groups of components (B), (C), and (D) is greater than 1, thereby forming an intermediate having residual NCO groups, and(2) mixing the intermediate product with water to form an aqueous dispersion of an anionically modified polyurethane urea having 800 to 1500 mmol of urethane groups and 800 to 1800 mmol of urethane plus urea groups per kilogram of the polyurethane urea.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of coating compositions to prepare coatings having water vapor permeabilities of at least 2500 g/m.sup.2 per day (DS 2109 TM1 method) containing(A) a polyurethane containing (1) 0.1 to 75 meq/100 g of ionic groups and (2) 11 to 50% by weight of --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.

Abstract: A wipe-on clear protectant based on polyurethane is provided, which provides a finish that is durable and long lasting, is not injurious to the leather or artificial leather on which it is applied, in the instance of use on vinyl, impedes, rather than fosters, plasticizer migration, and is not slippery or tacky to the touch. In the preferred composition, polyurethane is dissolved in isopropyl alcohol, and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is added, and the resulting liquid is wiped as a clear liquid onto the surface of the cleaned and dry leather or artificial leather produce which is to be protected. The finish dries clear, even, waterproof, smooth and without tackiness in less than thirty minutes.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a collagen fiber having microparticulates coated on the fiber surface includes a device for forming a continuous stream of liquid collagen, a coagulation bath wherein the continuous liquid collagen stream can be formed into a continuous collagen gel fiber, a dehydrating bath, wherein the continuous collagen gel fiber can be partially dehydrated and further polymerized, and a device for coating particulates on the surface of the fiber. The method includes directing a liquid collagen solution into a coagulating bath to form a continuous collagen gel fiber, transferring the fiber to a dehydrating bath so that the fiber is partially dehydrated and further polymerized, removing the dehydrated fiber from the dehydrating bath, coating the surface of the fiber with microparticulates, and stretching and drying the coated fiber.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of amphiphilic oligomers for oiling leather or skins wherein the dispersion contains anionically modified urethane fatty oligomers containing long-chain hydrocarbon fatty groups containing from 8 to 40 carbon atoms, together with salt-forming carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups and mixtures thereof, which form urethane fatty oligomers having an at least predominantly linear basic structure of the oligomer molecule.

Abstract: A method for silicone polymer impregnation and curing in tissue to preserve the tissue. The tissue is frozen without use of an intermediary solvent and then freeze-dried using a first vacuum. The tissue is then immersed in a non-flammable degreasing solvent, particularly 1,1,1-trichloroethane to remove lipids and the like from the tissue. The tissue is then impregnated with a silicone polymer precursor and a curing agent, and then cured under a second vacuum in a chamber (23). The impregnated polymer silicone precursor is then cured in the tissue. The tissue is preferably an anatomical specimen.

Abstract: An item of footwear which has become scuffed or worn, or which is to be protected against wear, on its leather or leather-like external surfaces, is subjected to a preliminary cleaning. Thereafter, a coating of polyurethane elastomer dispersed in water, and possibly extended by acrylic resin dispersed in water, further including a colorant, a defoamer and a wetting agent, is brushed or swabbed onto the surface. The water evaporates, leaving a thin, flexible, scuff-resistant coating, the color of which covers and hides discoloration and scuffs on the original surface.

Abstract: In the bonding of lightweight fleeces, there is the problem at relatively high feeding velocities of providing the fleece with the required amount of impregnating agent. Also, it has been found that the individual fibers of a fleece move with respect to one another during the impregnating step, and the fleece tends to disintegrate. In order to impart to the fleece, without great expenditure, a strength required for the bonding procedure, the provision is made to subject the fleece to a preliminary bonding step by wetting with cold water prior to application of the bonding agent, for example in a foam padder. It has been discovered under practical conditions that this minor bonding step is adequate for avoiding disintegration of the loose fiber layer within the nip padder during impregnation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of drying and bonding one or more layers of nail polish the the surface of a fingernail, wherein the final coating is defined as a photo-sensitive material that is activated by means of a photo-active light source.

Abstract: A method for imparting flame resistance to fabric articles comprising natural or regenerated fibers is provided for. The method comprises: applying a detergent solution to fabric articles; rinsing the detergent solution from the fabric articles; applying an aqueous solution of one or more water-soluble flame retardant compounds to the damp fabric articles; removing excess amounts of the aqueous flame retardant solution from the fabric articles; recycling the excess amount of the aqueous retardant solution for use in treating other fabric articles; filtering the recycled aqueous flame retardant solution; and drying the fabric articles.

Abstract: Copolymers which containa) from 50 to 90% by weight of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -alkyl methacrylates, vinyl esters of C.sub.8 -C.sub.40 -carboxylic acids or mixtures thereof andb) from 10 to 50% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -carboxylic acids, monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, monoesters or monoamides of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 -dicarboxylic acids, amides of C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -monocarboxylic acids or mixtures thereofas copolymerized units and have molecular masses of from 500 to 30,000 are used in at least partially neutralized form in aqueous solution or dispersion for making leather and furs water repellent.

Abstract: An item of footwear which has become scuffed or worn, or which is to be protected against wear, on its leather or leather-like external surfaces, is subjected to a preliminary cleaning. Thereafter, a coating of polyurethane elastomer dissolved in a solvent (preferably half toluene and half isopropyl alcohol), further including a colorant, a thickener and a gloss-lowering agent, is brushed or swabbed onto the surface. The solvent evaporates, leaving a thin, flexible, scuff-resistant coating the color of which covers and hides discoloration and scuffs on the original surface.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a leather ball adapted for sport and recreational use is provided. The method includes frictionally contacting the cover of the ball with an abrasive medium sufficient to completely dislodge some of the soil and debris thereon and partially dislodge other soil and debris but insufficient to substantially abrade the cover. The method additionally includes the step of applying a substantially moisture-free particulate material comprising poly tri-sodium phosphate to the cover to completely dislodge any remaining soil and debris following the frictional contacting step. According to one aspect of the method, a conical rotating abrasive surface is oriented relative to a predetermined direction along a seam of the ball and applied to the ball laterally to each side of the seam to frictionally dislodge the soil and debris.

Abstract: A method of making costume jewelry from cotton burrs, heretofore considered trash, is disclosed. The burrs are first cleaned by removing any residual fibers from between the locks of the burr. Next, the stem is cut close to the crown and the crown is ground to provide a substantially planer surface. Next, the burr is painted, and may also have a coat of lacquer applied. Decorative pellets, ribbon segments and other decorative devices are also secured to and between the locks of the burr. Finally, a wearer attachment device is secured to the planar surface created by the grinding step.

Abstract: An invented composition for promoting the adhesion of adhesives, coatings and/or composites to proteinaceous substrates is disclosed comprising a water-miscible solvent; and an unsaturated carboxylic acid of the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is selected from CH.dbd.CH, C(CH.sub.3).dbd.C(CH.sub.3), C(CH.sub.3).dbd.CH, CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, or CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 ; and R.sub.2 is selected from a terminally mono-, di-, tri-, or multi-unsaturated group. Methods of making the compound and methods of its use are also disclosed.

Abstract: A light stabile composition for imparting stain resistance to polyamide fiber-containing textile articles (e.g. nylon, wool or silk carpets) comprises a halogenated (e.g. brominated or chlorinated) aryl group-containing product of the condensation polymerization of a hydroxyaryl sulfonic acid (e.g., para-hydroxyphenyl sulfonic acid), a dihydroxydiaryl sulfone (e.g., dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone) and an aldehyde (e.g., formaldehyde). The polyamide fiber-containing textile articles are converted to a stain resistant product by containing the fibers with an acidified aqueous solution of the aforesaid composition.

Abstract: A process for improving the adhesion of finishes to oiled and/or hydrophobicized leathers wherein oiled and/or hydrophobicized leathers are treated before prefinishing and/or in the prefinish with aqueous dispersions containing(A) short-chain and/or medium-chain alkyl ether phosphates and(B) finely divided, soft, urea-group-terminated, aliphatic anionic polyurethane dispersions.

Abstract: This invention relates to materials and methods for obtaining strong adhesive bonds of coatings, composites and adhesives to proteinaceous substrates consisting either entirely, or in part of keratin, are disclosed. The invented materials comprise a non-aqueous solvent capable of adjusting the pH of the surface of the substrate to a pH of 8.0 or greater. The invented method comprises treating the substrate with the invented material until the pH of the surface is in the range of pH 9.0 to 11.0, followed by bonding a coating, composite or adhesive thereto.