Abstract: Wood and other cellulose-based products are preserved with a water-based treating solution containing a phenolic resin prepolymer such as phenol formaldehyde resin prepolymer, a resorcinol formaldehyde resin prepolymer and water. The treatment is carried out by exposing the wood or other cellulose-based product, while submerged in the treating solution, to one or more cycles of reduced pressure (i.e. vacuum) and elevated pressure.

Abstract: A process for producing fibrous composite materials from feed stock formed reliminarily from a gypsum binder and chopped cellulose fibers, and saturating the mixture with water to the extent of at least 1.2 times its normal hydrated state, and beating the material to provide a fleece that is then spread on a flat surface and subjected to pressure for a sufficient length of time to drive out a substantial portion of the moisture from the product. The compression step is carried out long enough to achieve a bulk density of approximately 9/10 the dry bulk density of the components prior to hydration.

Abstract: A wood treatment process is provided that allows surface finishing with water-based wood finishing coatings without the characteristic resultant surface roughness normally associated with the use of water-borne wood finishing compositions. The wood surface is wet with an aqueous solution of an aluminum salt and preferably dried prior to application of water-based finish coatings. The process can be carried out using novel wood stain compositions comprising aqueous solutions or suspension of aluminum salts and wood dyes.

Abstract: A method of treating wood by impregnation of the wood with wood-treating-compositions containing compounds which contain elements selected from copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) and oxyalkylene polymer additives provides improved properties to the treated wood, better control of oxyalkylene polymer distribution, and reduced leaching of the CCA.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ornament with a thin film formed on the ornament surface. The thin film includes a fluorocarbon-based adsorbed monomolecular film, and the thin film is covalently bonded to the ornament. By contacting the ornament with the non-aqueous solution containing a chlorosilane group at one end and a fluorocarbon chain at the other end, a reaction occurs between hydroxyl groups at the ornament surface and the chlorosilyl groups of the material having a plurality of chlorosilyl grounds. A monomolecular film which is covalently bonded to the ornament surface is thereby obtained. A thin, fluorine-containing, monomolecular film thus can be formed on the ornament such that it is, chemically bonded to the ornament. The film is anti-contaminating, water-and oil-repelling, durable and does not spoil the intrinsic luster of the ornament.

Abstract: The method of treating the surfaces of malleable light metal cylinder bores or other objects by blasting the surfaces with extremely high water jets for preparing such surfaces for subsequent coating with wear-resistant materials such as a thermal spray coating. The water not only cleans the surface but roughens it to produce a pitted surface with undercuts so that coating material fills the pits and undercuts to provide a smooth layer of coating material with a strong mechanical/adhesive bond.

Abstract: A wood adhesive composition including an effective amount of a phenol-formaldehyde resin; and a modifying agent which agent renders the composition capable of bonding to a hard wood.

Abstract: Spin coating of resist on a semiconductor wafer is done in a controlled chamber, starting with introducing a resist solvent vapor into the chamber from a nozzle, applying the resist by spraying a very thin layer of the resist material, monitoring and adjusting the resist thickness during spinning in vapor, and then removing solvent from the chamber. The result is a saving in resist material and enhanced coating uniformity.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for the ammonia saturation of wood to impart flexibility thereto which includes the step of sealing the surfaces of ammonia-saturated wood with a polymeric film which has limited or no permeability to either or both ammonia and water vapor. Preferably, the polymeric film is flexible so the working of the wood product by bending, twisting, embossing, molding, etc. will not destroy the film. The polymeric film should also be soluble in a selected solvent, thereby permitting its removal after the wood has been formed in a final, desired shape to permit water vapor to re-establish crosslinking of the cellulose chains and restore its natural, rigid condition.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a modified wood prepares a natural wood material containing more than a predetermined amount of a solvent for dissolving two different compounds which chemically react with each other to form an insoluble compound, provides a layer of each of the different compounds inside each of two opposing surfaces of the wood material, causes the different compounds to chemically react with each other within the wood material and fixes the formed insoluble compound in the wood material, whereby the fixation amount of the insoluble compound in the wood can be effectively increased.

Abstract: Discoloration of surfaces, such as painted or treated wood surfaces, by tannin-staining caused by the complexing of certain transition metal ions with tannate ions (the process is often referred to in the art as "tannin-stain bleed") is reduced or prevented by contacting a transition metal ion on a painted surface or surface to be painted with a complexing agent for the transition metal ion, such as by the addition of the complexing agent for the transition-metal ion to paint formulations or by pretreatment of the wood surface with the complexing agent before painting. It is believed that the complexing agents form coordination complexes with transition-metal ions on the surface of and within the paint film, thus preventing the formation of highly-colored complexes of the transition metal ions with the tannate ions derived from the tannins in the wood.

Abstract: This invention relates to an all gas-loadable liquid injector. The gas-loadable liquid injector comprises an accumulator for containing a liquid and a propellant gas, a liquid delivery tube for insertion into a material to be treated by the liquid, and intermediate means between the liquid delivery tube and the accumulator. The intermediate means restricts the flow of liquid when the pressure in the accumulator substantially exceeds that in the delivery tube and allows a restricted flow of liquid when the pressure in the accumulator is substantially equal to or less than that in the delivery tube. The intermediate means has a flexible and collapsible tube extending into the accumulator from the bowels of the accumulator and a straight rigid tube having a free end. The free end of the rigid tube always lies at the lowest level in the accumulator regardless of the altitude of the injector so as to dip into any liquid in the accumulator.

Abstract: A process for forming a protective barrier on metallic or wood surfaces to provide protection against abrasion, corrosion, heat, and fire. The process is begun by first forming a fixed surface on the metallic or wood article. On metallic articles, the fixed surface is formed by cleaning the surface and then exposing the surface to concentrated phosphoric acid. On wood, the fixed surface is formed by thoroughly cleaning the surface with hot water and detergent only. After the fixed surface is prepared, it is then exposed to a 10-16% silicate salt for at least one minute and then allowed to dry completely at 305 degrees Fahrenheit to form a first layer of silicate salt over the fixed surface. During the drying process, a portion of the sodium silicate is converted into silicon dioxide. A plurality of sodium silicate layers are then formed over the first layer of sodium silicate.

Abstract: A surface treatment process for improving surface properties of a timber as to wetness by exposing the timber to a plasma mixture of an inert gas and a reactive gas at a near atmospheric pressure. Prior to being exposed to the plasma mixture, the timber is treated to reduce a moisture content below a fiber saturation point of the timber so as to eliminate free moisture from the fibers of the timber which would otherwise lead to unstable plasma and therefore detract an uniform improvement over substantially the entire surface expected at the subsequent exposure to the plasma mixture. Thus, the plasma treatment can be effected in the absence of the free moisture to obtain a desired surface improvement uniformly across the surface of the timber, which gives an enhanced practicability of improving the surface properties of the timber, in addition to that the plasma mixture is generated at near the atmospheric pressures readily available without requiring substantial vacuum generating equipments.

Abstract: Environmentally preferred water-based coatings can be substituted for solvent-based coatings in commercial wood finishing processes without sacrifice of coating quality. Art-recognized discoloration of water-based coatings due to uneven leaching of chromophoric substances, such as natural tannins, is eliminated by contacting the surface with a water soluble anti-leachate compound selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid salts, mono/polyfunctional amines and amine derivatives and their acid addition salts. The process allows for marked reduction of VOC emissions from commerical wood finishing operations.

Abstract: Discoloration of water-based coatings due to uneven leaching of chromophoric substances, such as natural tannins and applied stains, is eliminated by contacting the surface with a water soluble anti-leachate compound selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid salts, mono/polyfunctional amines and amine derivatives and their acid addition salts.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for the preservation of timber with a boron based compound, such as trimethyl borate. The timer is dried to a low moisture content, is then subjected to a vapor of the boron compound in a suitable treatment vessel, and after vapor treatment is steam conditioned to return the moisture content of the timber to a normal working level. The vapor treatment is preferably carried out under heat and reduced pressure. Timber preserved by the process is also claimed.

Abstract: Method and process using a supercritical fluid, with or without the aid of entrainers (1) to solubilize a monomer, monomer mixture or polymer which may or may not include additives and entrainers, (2) to carry the supercritical solvent mixture thereby created into the wood matrix, (3) to remove extractives from the wood, (4) to precipitate the monomer or polymer within the wood, and (5) to polymerize the monomer in situ in the wood.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of pulped cellulose material, preferably wood fibers, in particular up to a fiber length of 20 mm, with a high proportion of thermocurable resin, the process being suitable, in particular, for the production of fiber-containing moldings. In this process, the thermocurable resin, in aqueous, preferably alkaline solution, is added to a mixture of fiber particles and steam, and the steam is removed from the resin-coated fiber particles in a drier. The steam is removed from the mixture of steam and fiber particles after addition of the resin, and the fiber particles are subsequently dried in a drying stage to a moisture content of less than 12% by weight, in particular 3 to 10% by weight.

Abstract: A method for both preserving and coloring wood which comprises in a first step contacting the wood with a liquid composition containing a biocidally effective amount of a copper compound, and in a second step contacting the wood with a liquid composition containing a biocidally effective amount of a dithiocarbamate compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl dithiocarbamates, alkylene dithiocarbamates and soluble salts thereof.

Abstract: An anti-rusting composition in solution form is prepared by dissolving anti-rusting agent in an organic solvent having a permeability greater than water, mixing the solution with a permeable water-proofing agent dissolved in a petroleum based solvent. The anti-rusting composition in solution form is applied to the surface of a desired material and the anti-rusting and water proofing agents permeate into the material from the surface thereof through capillary walls. When the solvent evaporates, a gel layer forms and a strong water-proof layer is obtained to isolate the air phase from the material.

Abstract: A railroad tie service vehicle includes a chassis system, a drive system and an application system. The chassis system includes front and back ends, opposite sides and a deck. The drive system includes an engine mounted on the chassis deck, front and back pairs of wheels and a pair of drive track assemblies mounted on the chassis front and back ends. The application system includes an actuating subassembly for selectively engaging railroad ties and a sprayer subassembly for spraying preservative on railroad ties in response to engagement by the actuating subassembly. A method of servicing railroad ties includes the steps of removing a rail from one side of a railroad track, exposing connection areas where the rail attaches to the railroad ties, driving a vehicle with preservative along the railroad track and applying preservative to the connection areas in response to engagement of the railroad tracks by an actuating subassembly.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin decorative laminated sheet faced with a resin-impregnated sheet layer obtained by impregnating a sheetlike material with a resin composition containing an amino resin (I) produced by the reaction of formaldehyde with an amino compound (A) having as an essential component thereof at least one carboguanamine (a) selected from the group consisting of cyclohexanecarboguanamine and norbornanecarboguanamine and curing the resultant impregnated sheetlike material excels in flexibility, crack resistance, light resistance, and chemical resistance. A decorative overlaid plywood enjoying similarly desirable properties is obtained by integrating the aforementioned sheet layer with a substrate.

Abstract: A wood preservative solution comprising water, hexavalent chromium, copper and arsenic can be stabilized against precipitation by the addition of fluorine ion, thereby enhancing the useful life and safety of the solution. Fluoride salts like cerium fluoride, sodium fluoride and calcium fluoride are suitable sources for fluorine ion in such a solution. Wood treated with the preservative solution displays increased penetration, distribution and retention of chromium, copper and arsenic.

Abstract: A process of producing modified wood by impregnating dried wood with a mixed solution composed of phthalic anhydride as a polybasic acid anhydride and epichlorohydrin as an epoxy compound at a mol ratio of 1:1 to 1:30 by dipping the wood in the mixed solution, withdrawing the impregnated wood from the mixed solution, and heating the wood to a temperature of from 60.degree. C. to 180.degree. C. to simultaneously adding phthalic anhydride and epichlorohydrin to the hydroxyl groups of the wood. By the process of this invention, excellent dimensional stability and weather resistance can be imparted to the wood while retaining the properties specific to the wood.

Abstract: A process for impregnating corks, in such a way as to improve the sealing effect thereof, with at least one substance which is repellent to aqueous solutions and which is comparable or identical to aqueous solution-repellent substances naturally occurring in cork, in regard to sealing effect and compatibility with the material to be sealed in a container by the cork, provides that prior to the impregnation step on a surface thereof which is to be impregnated the cork is exposed to direct current corona discharge or an alternating current corona discharge, thereby enhancing the capacity of the cork to absorb the impregnation agent.

Abstract: Accelerated fixing of chromate-containing wood preservative salts, in which freshly impregnated timbers are subjected to fixing with superheated steam, is carried out by a process wherein the freshly impregnated timbers are subjected beforehand to a heat treatment in which both the wood surface and the internal walls of the heating chamber are heated to 60.degree.-100.degree. C., preferably 80.degree.-95.degree. C., and the timbers are then treated with superheated steam in a conventional manner.

Abstract: Wood that is especially suited for the manufacture of resonating bodies, is improved according to a process in which small amounts of reactive components of thermosetting polymers are introduced into the wood shortly before or during a heat treatment under pressure.

Abstract: A method of pretreating wood veneers with a wetting agent which reduces the amount of adhesive required to bond the veneers together in plywood manufacturing. The wetting agent can be water or a liquid solution containing an elastomer or plasticizer which leaves a thin film of solids on the veneer surface after it evaporates. The wetting agent is in part absorbed by the veneer to inhibit absorption of liquid from the adhesive. Also, the solid film left on the veneer flows on the glue line and wets the adhesive when the veneer is hot pressed. This promotes flow and spreading of the adhesive, even if it is partially dry, and thus results in more effective use of the adhesive so that the adhesive usage is reduced.

Abstract: A method of diffusion impregnation of wooden structures, which include long wooden objects, with a wood preservative, depots with the wood preservative being placed, in a way known per se, within the wood. The characteristic feature of the method is that in sections of the wooden object in which the moisture ratio of the wood is less than substantially 25 % depots with wood preservative dissolved in a hygroscopic liquid are placed and that in sections of the wooden object in which the moisture ratio of the wood is greater than substantially 25 % depots with wood preservative in solid phase are placed. The depots are placed at intermittent distances from each other along the wooden structure so that each long object is impregnated along the whole of its length and right through it.

Abstract: A piece of wood is prepared for impregnation by causing it in steps to be perforated by a plurality of needles which are moved back and forth with the workpiece, and either rotate individually or are subject to additional oscillatory or impact-producing axial movement.

Abstract: A process for acetylating a wood material which comprises impregnating the wood material with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal acetate, drying the wood material containing the alkali metal acetate solution, and treating the dried wood material with acetic anhydride optionally diluted with an organic solvent at temperature between 100.degree. C. and 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A hardboard with an embossed and coated face to simulate ceramic tile. A resin sealer coat and resin ground coat of a preselected color are applied to the embossed face. A pattern or design may be printed with resin inks of different colors on the ground coat. A preferably transparent resin top coat is applied over the inks and the ground coat to protect the embossed face and provide a glossy appearance.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a new and novel primer composition comprising a silicone modified epoxy resin and an organotitanium acid ester. These compositions are useful for priming solid substrates to allow the adherence of room temperature cured silicone rubber to the substrate. The compositions are also useful as protective coatings.

Abstract: An absorbent floor cleaning and waxing composition is disclosed comprising shreds of a hydrophilic, open-celled, solids-loaded polyurethane foam having an aqueous wax emulsion releasably incorporated therein. The composition is effective to replace soiled coatings of floor wax with fresh floor wax.

Abstract: The monourea adduct of sulfuric acid, when combined with water, has the unique ability to ablate the surface of wooden articles without charring or otherwise disfiguring the surface of the wooden article. Thus, wooden articles can be treated to accomplish a variety of purposes by contacting the surface to be treated with a composition containing the monourea adduct of sulfuric acid. Such compositions comprise mixtures of urea and sulfuric acid in which the molar ratio of urea to sulfuric acid is within the range of 1/4 to about 7/4 so that at least about 25 percent of the sulfuric acid is present as the monourea adduct. Such treatment can be employed to modify the dimensions of the article surface, remove stains, mars or other markings, accentuate the hard grain of the article surface, emboss the surface with a predetermined pattern, or accomplish other objectives that result from generally or selectively ablating the article's surface.

Abstract: A process for producing the wood head of a golf club by impregnating a wood head workpiece with a resin to give durability to the wood head, the process comprising the steps of forming the workpiece so that the hitting surface thereof extends in parallel with internal channels therein, subsequently immersing the workpiece in a first liquid resin composition only at the hitting side to impregnate the hitting side with the composition at a high ratio and form a resin-impregnated layer of high impregnation ratio, thereafter impregnating the entire workpiece with a second liquid resin composition at a low ratio, and polymerizing and curing the compositions. Also disclosed is an apparatus for performing the resin impregnation steps.

Abstract: The emission of formaldehyde from particle board bound with carbamide resin is reduced by coating the boards, during their manufacture and subsequent to pressing the same, with at least one ammonium compound which decomposes thermally at the temperature of the boards during the conditioning period, whereafter the boards are stacked and stored for conditioning.

Abstract: A method of treating wood to prevent stain and decay which includes extracting from a decay resistant species of wood material a fungi growth inhibiting material and using this material to wet the surface of wood to be treated. The substance for use as a fungi growth inhibiting material is obtained by extracting it from decay resistant species of wood material.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of wood by a wood preserving agent in a liquid or paste-like form, to be positioned (inserted) in a recess in the wood, which recess is subsequently sealed off.The wood preserving agent contains a water-expelling agent, a water-repellent agent and a biocide.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed for spraying water-borne emulsion topcoat finish materials with gloss and clarity equivalent to solvent-based topcoat materials irrespective of ambient conditions. One or more secondary water atomizing sprays are positioned laterally of the primary emulsion spray nozzle to lay down a mist layer underneath or on top or, preferably, both underneath and on top of the emulsion topcoat layer to retard premature coalescence of the emulsion particles thus permitting release of air bubbles entrained in the emulsion film during the spraying process. The water mist spray is preferably not intermingled with the emulsion spray in the space between the spray nozzles and finish surface but kept close enough to the emulsion spray to avoid significant coalescence of the emulsion film before the entrained air bubbles are released.

Abstract: Blistering of a coating composition applied to a surface which is disposed adjacent to a body of water such as ocean salt water when the coating is applied is avoided by applying the coating composition to the surface while water is flowing over the surface.

Abstract: A method is provided which permanently embeds a fire retardant such as diammonium phsophate into wood shingles, wood framing members or other wood members by means of blasting a special slurry of the fire retardant into the body of the wood with an airless spray gun, or alternatively soaking or dipping the wood in a softening solution and then emersing it in the fire retardant slurry which is subsequently pressurized to over 100 pounds per square inch, in either case the diammonium phosphate granules being embedded into the wood where they are protected from being leached at by rainfall and the like by a nonsoluable, nonvolatile carrier liquid.

Abstract: A method is provided for the stabilization of a high loft, low density, air-laid pad of short length fibers by the formation of a thin, reinforcing layer on a surface thereof. The film is formed by first pretreating a surface of the pad with a light spray (at a level not higher than about 15 cc per sq. meter of the pad) of a solution of a coagulating material for a resin dispersion, and then applying the resin dispersion to the pretreated surface and limiting its penetration into the pad by instant coagulation thereof.

Abstract: This specification describes a method for making a cellulosic material fire-resistant. The material is well dried and then impregnated with an aqueous solution containing phosphoric acid and ammonium sulphate and/or ammonium phosphate. The solution may also contain borax, trisodiumphosphate, ammonia, sodium carbonate, and sodium chloride. The method is particularly suited for treating sawdust in the manufacturing of chipboards. After impregnating the dry sawdust with the solution under stirring the material is dried once more and glue is applied whereupon chipboards are formed from the composite material.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the staining of film-forming finishes applied to a tannin-containing wood substrate comprises applying to the wood substrate, prior to or concurrently with the surface film, an aqueous formulation containing a stain-inhibiting amount of magnesium hydroxide having a high surface area, thereby forming a leach-resistant magnesium hydroxide-tannin complex.

Abstract: Adhesive bonds between materials, such as woods having porous surfaces, formed by polymerizing in situ alphacyanoacrylate monomers, are accelerated in curing and strengthened by precoating the surfaces to be joined with a solid mixture of alkaline or basic accelerator, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide or sodium borosilicate spheres of micro-size, combined in a chalkable calcareous binder to form a light but adhesive permeable coating, before the monomeric adhesive is applied. The latter permeates in part through the light precoating to bond into the wood and is accelerated in its polymerization so that it is not excessively absorbed into the porous substrate, resulting in a bond of superior strength.

Abstract: An intumescent composition comprising a cyclic nitrogen compound, an acid selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, phosphoric acid, and mixtures thereof, water, and an hydroxy-containing organo-phosphorus compound, wherein:(a) said cyclic nitrogen compound is ##STR1## wherein a, b, and c are integers selected from the group consisting of 1 and 2, a plus b plus c equal about 3 to 6, and X, X', and X" are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and --CH.sub.3 ;(b) said hydroxy-containing organo-phosphorus compound is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## and mixtures thereof, wherein d is an integer of from 0 to 2, e is an integer of from 0 to 2, f is an integer of from 1 to 3, and d plus e plus f equal 3; z is an integer of 0 to 1; x is an integer of 1 to 2, y is an integer of 1 to 2, and x plus y plus z equal 3; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of lignocellulosic composite using urea-formaldehyde adhesive is described characterized by treating the lignocellulosic constituents with ammonium-base lignosulfonate prior to pressing to decrease the emission of formaldehyde.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for introducing holes or straight or circular slots approximately normal to the surface in the vicinity of the surface of round timber and to an approximately predetermined depth for the purpose of facilitating the penetration of impregnating means into the surface zones of the timber to better protect against chemical and biological attacks.