Abstract: The present invention generally relates to coating materials, including photoactive coating materials. In some aspects of the invention, a sol-gel is provided that can be formed as a coating on a microfluidic channel. One or more portions of the sol-gel can be reacted to alter its hydrophobicity, in some cases. For instance, in one set of embodiments, a portion of the sol-gel may be exposed to light, such as ultraviolet light, which can be used to induce a chemical reaction in the sol-gel that alters its hydrophobicity. In one set of embodiments, the sol-gel can include a photoinitiator, that upon exposure to light, produces radicals. Optionally, the photoinitiator may be conjugated to a silane or other material within the sol-gel. The radicals so produced may be used to cause a polymerization reaction to occur on the surface of the sol-gel, thus altering the hydrophobicity of the surface. In some cases, various portions may be reacted or left unreacted, e.g.

Abstract: To provide an apparatus and method of curtain coating for applying onto a running web a coating solution from a lip top in the form of curtain to form a coating thereon, wherein a fluid is blown to remove excessive deposits of the coating solution that are formed at the edges in the width direction of the coating, and the deposits blown away by the fluid are ejected.

Abstract: A process for transferring patterned non-densely packed interfacial particle films onto substrates by providing a substrate, modifying the substrate so that it is non-water wetting, providing an interfacial film of charged particles, applying a surface modifying procedure to said particles, and applying the interfacial particle film to the modified substrate to thereby form a patterned non-densely packed film on the substrate.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, apparatuses, kits, and combinations are described for applying a colorant to a surface. The compositions useful in the present disclosure include a composition that is formulated to be applied and affixed to a surface. If desired, the composition may be substantially removed from the surface to remove a portion or substantially all of the stain before being affixed to the surface. If a user desires to remove the composition from the surface, the composition is formulated to be removed by a number of methods including, for example, vacuuming, wet extraction, chemical application, and the like. If the user desires to affix the composition to the surface in a permanent or semi-permanent manner, the composition may be affixed to the surface by applying energy thereto in the form of, for example, heat, pressure, emitted waves, an emitted electrical field, a magnetic field, and/or a chemical.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a membrane electrode assembly which has high and stable catalytic activity, and suppressed deterioration in catalytic activity during operation, and can prevent a deterioration in performance attributable to a structural factor of the membrane electrode assembly. The process comprises the step of, after the washing/removing step, drying the catalyst electrode in an atmosphere having a lower oxygen partial pressure than the air. The anode/cathode is a covered catalyst electrode having a structure formed by supporting/depositing a catalytically active material composed mainly of platinum/ruthenium subjected to the potential holding step, the washing/removing step, and the drying step, on a porous electroconductive carrier to cover at least a part of the porous electroconductive carrier with the ion conductive material.

Abstract: A flame resistant textile is provided. The textile is a sateen weave fabric containing cellulosic fibers, where the sateen weave fabric has a thickness of at least 19.5 mils, a thickness of at least 25 mils after 3 home washes at 120° F., an air permeability of at least 60 cfm, and a weight of less than about 7 oz/yd2. The sateen weave fabric also contains a treatment, where the treatment contains a tetramethylhydroxy phosphonium salt or its condensate and chemical selected from the group consisting of urea, guanidines, guanyl urea, glycoluril, and polyamines. When the sateen weave fabric to which the treatment has been applied has been heat-cured and oxidized at least a portion of the cellulosic fibers have a pentavalent phosphate compound polymerized therein. The method for producing the flame resistant textile is also provided.

Abstract: A rapid and inexpensive technique for generating nanotextured surfaces is disclosed. The technique involves the (1) creation of regular, nanometer-sized template by microwave assisted hydro- or solvo-thermal treatment of polymer films coated on surfaces followed by (2) coating of a layer of metal, metal oxides, polymers and inorganic materials. The nanometer-sized polymer template could be removed to create regularly shaped, hollow nanostructures (e.g., nano-bottles, nano-bowls, nano-holes etc.).

Abstract: Multi-piece, solid golf balls having a cover material made from a polyurethane/urea hybrid composition are provided. The balls include an inner core preferably made of polybutadiene and may include at least one intermediate layer disposed between the core and outer cover. The cover materials are prepared by first forming a polyurethane prepolymer which undergoes two curing steps. In the first step, the prepolymer is chemically-cured by reacting it with hydroxyl curing agents, amine curing agents, or mixtures thereof. In the second step, the composition is moisture-cured. The cured material may be used to make a golf ball cover having improved durability, cut/tear resistance, and impact strength.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for grafting molecules of interest on a silicon substrate via a spacer compound, said grafting including at least one click chemistry reaction to the supports thus obtained as well as their uses in nanotechnologies and nanobiotechnologies, such as molecular electronics, the manufacture of biochips or of sensors.

Abstract: A spangle-free, hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, and a method and device for manufacturing the same. The hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is characterized in that a solidified zinc crystal of hot-dip galvanized layer has an average crystalline texture particle diameter of 10 to 88 ?m and there is no solidification traces of dendrites upon observing under a microscope at a magnification of 100×. The method comprises dipping a steel sheet in a bath of a zinc-coating solution containing 0.13 to 0.3% by weight of aluminum; air-wiping the steel sheet to remove an excess of the coating solution; spraying water or an aqueous solution on the air-wiped steel sheet, using a steel sheet temperature in the range of a hot-dip galvanization temperature to 419 ° C. as a spray initiation temperature and using a steel sheet temperature in the range of 417 ° C. to 415 ° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a method and variations thereof for making an article, such as cloth, water repellent and/or water resistant (i.e. hydrophobic) as well as oil repellent (i.e. oleophobic). In particular, the method involves the process of providing a thin-layer polymer coating on the article thereby rendering the article water repellent and/or water resistant. Articles made according to the method of the present invention are also disclosed and claimed herein as are the treated articles' use.

Abstract: Improved methods for reducing boron concentration in seawater or brackish water, while simultaneously maintaining or improving the salt rejection of membrane and flow performance of polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) membranes include contacting the water with a composite membrane comprising moieties derived from an aromatic sulfonyl halide, a heteroaromatic sulfonyl halide, a sulfinyl halide; a sulfenyl halide; a sulfuryl halide; a phosphoryl halide; a phosphonyl halide; a phosphinyl halide; a thiophosphoryl halide; a thiophosphonyl halide, an isocyanate, a urea, a cyanate, an aromatic carbonyl halide, an epoxide or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: A method to deposit water insoluble compounds onto solid matrices using aqueous systems is described. A transient water soluble complex is formed and dissociated when deposition takes place.

Abstract: A regeneration apparatus for an electroless plating solution includes a sensor for measuring the formation rate of phosphorous acid formed in a plating tank in response to a plating treatment, a split device for taking out a plating solution in the plating tank to transfer the plating solution to a first processing tank, a sensor for measuring the concentration of the phosphorous acid contained in the plating solution taken out, an addition device for supplying calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, an amount of which is required for producing a calcium phosphite from the phosphorous acid contained in the plating solution, to the first processing tank, a separation device for separating and removing the calcium phosphite produced in the first processing tank from the plating solution, and a return pump for transferring the plating solution from which the calcium phosphite has been separated and removed to the plating tank.

Abstract: A method for the production of a run-in coating is provided, whereby a metallic run-in coating material is provided on a component on the stator side of a turbomachine, especially a gas turbine. According to an embodiment of the invention, the provided run-in coating undergoes a heat treatment for purposes of improving its run-in characteristics.

Abstract: A cleansing implement comprising a generally planar compressed, water-swellable matrix and a solid cleansing composition coated on one face of the compressed matrix. A method for producing a cleansing implement comprising providing a generally planar compressed water-swellable matrix and coating a solid cleansing composition on one face of the compressed matrix.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of detecting bioproducts using Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of gold nanoparticles, which can diagnose bioproducts based on changes in the maximum wavelength occurred by an antigen-antibody reaction after immobilization of the gold nanoparticles onto a glass panel. A sensor using such method exhibits high sensitivity, is low in price, and makes quick diagnosis possible, thereby being applicable to various biological fields associated with environmental contaminants, pathogens and the like, as well as diagnosis of diseases. Further, it provides a technology for manufacturing a sensor having higher sensitivity, low price and quick performance, as compared to conventional methods using SPR.

Abstract: Provided is a developing apparatus configured to slim the resist pattern while reducing the number of developing modules. A room temperature developing liquid and a high temperature developing liquid to modify the surface layer of a resist pattern can be supplied from a common nozzle to a substrate disposed on a mount table. Although both developing liquids may be sequentially discharged by switching between the supply line for the room temperature developing liquid and the supply line for the high temperature developing liquid, it is also possible to join these supply lines for supplying the room temperature developing liquid from the former supply line, and then adjust the ratio of the flow rates between both supply lines, and then supply the mixed liquid of the developing liquids as a high temperature developing liquid.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a leather-like sheet having a fine image drawn by an inkjet printing method, etc., on its surface and having practically sufficient physical properties. This invention includes a leather-like sheet comprising (i) a fibrous substrate and (ii) a porous layer thereon, the porous layer having a surface having open pores with a diameter of 1 ?m or more and the porous layer having the surface having an image whose definition is 5 dots/mm or more, and a process for the production thereof.

Abstract: A coating and process for depositing the coating on a substrate. The coating is a nickel aluminide overlay coating of predominantly the beta (NiAl) and gamma-prime (Ni3Al) intermetallic phases, and is suitable for use as an environmental coating and as a bond coat for a thermal barrier coating (TBC). The coating can be formed by depositing nickel and aluminum in appropriate amounts to yield the desired beta+gamma prime phase content. Alternatively, nickel and aluminum can be deposited so that the aluminum content of the coating exceeds the appropriate amount to yield the desired beta+gamma prime phase content, after which the coating is heat treated to diffuse the excess aluminum from the coating into the substrate to yield the desired beta+gamma prime phase content.

Abstract: A method for producing fine, coated metal particles comprising the steps of mixing Ti-containing powder except for Ti oxide powder with oxide powder of a metal M, an M oxide having a standard free energy of formation meeting the relation of ?GM-O>?GTiO2; and heat-treating the resultant mixed powder at a temperature of 650-900° C. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, thereby reducing the oxide of the metal M with Ti to provide the resultant fine particles of the metal M with TiO2-based titanium oxide coating.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a capillary tube for electrophoresis that has a positively charged coating on the capillary inner surface that prevents positively charged analytes from adsorbing to the inner capillary surface. The capillary tube has an inner surface that is coated with a first polymer layer having a plurality of polymer groups comprising polyethylene imine, designated herein as (CH2CH2NH)x. The inner surface of the capillary typically has a second polymer layer covalently bonded to the first polymer layer. The invention includes a capillary tube where two or more than two polymer groups are covalently bonded to each other by a cross-linker. Also provided are an electrophoresis system the uses the coated capillary tubes, a method of performing electrophoresis that utilizes the coated capillary tubes, and a process for preparing the coated capillary tubes.

Abstract: The present invention deals with coated pipes having a layer of multimodal polyethylene. The multimodal ethylene copolymer is a copolymer of ethylene with one or more alpha-olefin comonomers having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms and has a weight average molecular weight of from 70000 g/mol to 250000 g/mol, the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight, Mw/Mn, of from 15 to 50, a melt index MFR2 of from 0.05 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a melt index MFR5 of from 0.5 to 10 g/10 min and a density of from 930 kg/m3 to 955 kg/m3. The pipes can be coated with high throughput and good production economy. The coatings have good mechanical properties.

Abstract: A solution component recovery method, a solution component recovery apparatus, and an impregnation process/impregnation component recovery system for separating a first component from a second component. The separation between the first and second components is accomplished by reducing the pressure on a solution that contains the first component, which results in the solidification of the first component in the solution at a temperature that is equal to or higher than a predetermined solidification temperature. The second component, in which the first component is dissolved, is evaporated at a temperature range that is less than the predetermined solidification temperature. The evaporated second component is then recovered by a cooling step.

Abstract: Mechanisms for coating surfaces of materials, the resulting coated materials, and solutions for use in material-coating processes are described. Triblock molecule components may be selected for desired properties. When applied in solution to a material, the molecules self-assemble into similarly oriented micro- or nanostructures coating the surface of the material. Various molecule properties can be tailored to produce a range of desirable surface coating properties. The surface coating may optionally be self cleaning if selected to be appropriately hydrophobic, allowing water and particulates to roll off of the surface with minimal friction.

Abstract: A method of producing a film containing an oxide having a plurality of tubular structures and a plurality of conjugated polymer chains includes preparing a solution by dissolving a precursor substance having a first site containing a precursor of the oxide and a second site containing a precursor of a component constituting the conjugated polymer chains; forming a film containing the oxide having the tubular structures on a substrate, the surface of which exhibits anisotropy, by applying the solution onto the substrate so that the tubular structures and the conjugated polymer chains are oriented; and forming the conjugated polymer chains in pores of the tubular structures by polymerizing the second site in the film formed on the substrate, wherein an inorganic component of the first site is connected to carbon of the second site through a covalent bond.

Abstract: A process for flame-retardant finishing of fiber materials, for example wovens, is described. A tetrakishydroxymethylphosphonium compound is applied to the fiber material. This is followed by a treatment first with ammonia and then with an oxidizing agent. The fiber material is also treated with an acidic aqueous solution in the course of the process. The fiber materials obtained have good flame-retardant properties and a low formaldehyde content.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting proliferation of a plurality of proliferating cells are disclosed. Methods of inhibiting cell overgrowth on compositions that are in an animal's body are disclosed. Methods of inhibiting cell overgrowth on a device that is in an animal's body are disclosed. Devices that have on their exterior surface an alginate matrix that comprises Strontium are disclosed. Compositions comprising an alginate body and alginate sheets that each comprise a single layer of cells coating the exterior surface of the alginate body are disclosed. Methods of preparing an artificial tissue are disclosed. Devices comprising cells encapsulated within an alginate matrix and/or maintained as a monolayer on an alginate body, and methods of making and using the same are disclosed. Methods of coating compositions and devices are disclosed.

Abstract: A coating device includes a coating mechanism which includes nozzles for ejecting a liquid material onto front and rear surfaces of a substrate while rotating the substrate; and an adjusting mechanism which adjusts the coating state of the liquid material at the outer periphery of the substrate; wherein the adjusting mechanism includes a dip portion which dips the outer periphery of the substrate in a solution while rotating the substrate and dissolves; and a suction portion which suctions the vicinity of the outer periphery of the substrate after dipping in the solution.

Abstract: A coating device includes a coating mechanism which includes nozzles for ejecting a liquid material onto front and rear surfaces of a substrate while rotating the substrate; and an adjusting mechanism which adjusts the coating state of the liquid material at the outer periphery of the substrate; wherein the adjusting mechanism includes a dip portion which dips the outer periphery of the substrate in a solution while rotating the substrate and dissolves and removes a thin film formed on the outer periphery of the substrate; and a suction portion which suctions the vicinity of the outer periphery of the substrate after dipping in the solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the realization of particular supramolecular assemblies of dyes, in particular cyanines, called J aggregates. The invention concerns an assembly made up of a support including a mesoporous layer whereof the pores have an average BET diameter greater than 1.5 nm, macromolecules with dendritic architecture functionalizing said layer, at least in its pores, a layer of molecules from the family of cyanines interacting with the macromolecules with dendritic architecture and organized into J aggregates.

Abstract: Methods of forming nanostructures with chromonic materials are disclosed. A method includes coating a substrate surface with a chromonic solution to form a chromonic layer, removing at least a portion of the water to form a dried chromonic layer, and exposing the dried chromonic layer to an organic solvent to form a pattern of channels within the dried chromonic layer. The chromonic solution includes a chromonic material and water. Materials can be deposited within the channels to form a pattern of nanostructures.

Abstract: A process of repairing a plasma etched low-k dielectric material having surface-bound silanol groups includes exposing at least one surface of the dielectric material to (a) a catalyst so as to form hydrogen bonds between the catalyst and the surface-bound silanol groups obtaining a catalytic intermediary that reacts with the silane capping agent so as to form surface-bound silane compounds, or (b) a solution comprising a supercritical solvent, a catalyst, and a silane capping agent so as to form hydrogen bonds between a catalyst and the surface-bound silanol groups obtaining a catalytic intermediary that reacts with the silane capping agent so as to form surface-bound silane compounds. Horizontal networks can be formed between adjacent surface-bound silane compounds.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment may include a method comprising: depositing a solution comprising an organometallic compound on a substrate, drying the solution to provide a film of the organometallic compound and at least partially oxidizing an organic component of the organometallic compound to provide nanoparticles including metal oxides on the substrate which would have multiuse industrial applications.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for providing a coating-type film, including, coating a solution including an organic metal compound on a surface of a substrate including a semiconductor substrate to form a coating film, heating the coating film to volatize a solvent in the coating film, and performing a treatment including at least one of a heat treatment, an ozone treatment and a moisture treatment to remove impurities from the coating film.

Abstract: A gas barrier layered product including a base material and a layer stacked on a surface of the base material, wherein the layer is formed of a composition including: a hydrolyzed and condensed product of a compound (L) containing a metal atom to which a group selected from a halogen atom and an alkoxy group is bonded, and a compound (A) in which an organic group selected from a halogen atom, a mercapto group and a hydroxyl group is further bonded to the metal atom; a neutralized product of a polymer containing a functional group selected from a carboxyl group and a carboxylic anhydride group, wherein at least 40 mol % of a —COO— group contained in the functional group has been neutralized with a metal ion having a valence of two or more; and a compound (D) bonded to both the —COO— group and a group on the surface of the hydrolyzed and condensed product of the compound (L). A method for producing the gas barrier layered product.

Abstract: A method of producing an inkjet recording medium includes: preparing a first coating liquid by mixing an aqueous solution of an acetoacetyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol with a zirconium compound-containing liquid including inorganic fine particles and a zirconium compound; and forming a coating layer by applying the first coating liquid onto a substrate.

Abstract: A thermal insulating packer fluid contains at least one water superabsorbent polymer and optionally water and/or brine, and a viscosifying polymer. The composition is capable of inhibiting unwanted heat loss from production tubing or uncontrolled heat transfer to outer annuli. The viscosity of the composition is sufficient to reduce the convection flow velocity within the annulus.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for producing a molecule immobilizing substrate, comprising at least the steps of: forming, on a substrate, a monomolecular film including hydroxyl groups, cyano groups, or oxiranyl groups, which are oriented toward an outmost surface of the monomolecular film; and chemically modifying the hydroxyl groups, cyano groups, or oxiranyl groups of the monomolecular film to transform them into carboxyl groups, to thereby form, on the substrate, the monomolecular film including the carboxyl groups, which are oriented toward an outmost surface of the monomolecular film. There can be provided: a method for producing a molecule immobilizing substrate which is free of occurrence of an immobilized-molecule peeling problem in the case of conducting an assay by immobilizing molecules on the substrate.

Abstract: A lyophobic treatment method of imparting lyophobic properties to a surface of a base material having hole sections, includes: an organic film formation step of forming an organic film on the surface of the base material and inner wall faces of the hole sections of the base material; a protective member formation step of forming a protective member on the organic film on the surface of the base material; an organic film removal step of removing the organic film on the inner wall faces of the hole sections of the base material; a protective member removal step of removing the protective member on the organic film on the surface of the base material; and a fluorination step of carrying out fluorination processing of the organic film on the surface of the base material.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing a complex oxide film having a high relative dielectric constant and capacitance having low temperature-dependency, whose film thickness can be arbitrarily controlled, and a manufacturing method thereof, a composite body comprising the complex oxide film and a manufacturing method thereof, a dielectric or piezoelectric material comprising the complex oxide film or composite body, a capacitor or piezoelectric element comprising the complex oxide film having the complex oxide film with low temperature-dependency, and an electronic device equipped with the same, without involving any complicated or large scale equipment. The complex oxide film containing titanium element and calcium element can be obtained by forming a metal oxide film containing titanium element on substrate surface and then allowing a solution containing calcium ion to react with the metal oxide layer.

Abstract: A method of treating a material to improve flame retardancy, the method comprising applying to the material urea, phosphorous acid or a salt thereof, and a base comprising a monovalent metallic cation.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a hydrophobized microporous film includes: forming an organic silica insulating film 2 on a substrate 1; supplying a gaseous mixture 3 composed of a silylation gas and an inert gas in an apparatus having the substrate 1 disposed therein at a temperature of the substrate 1, the substrate 1 having the organic silica insulating film 2 formed thereon, and the temperature being equal to or higher than a dew point temperature of the silylation gas and equal to or lower than a vaporizing temperature of the silylation gas; stopping the supply of the gaseous mixture 3 into the apparatus; and heating the substrate having the organic silica insulating film 2 formed thereon, so that a hydrophobizing organic silica insulating film, in which the surface of the organic silica insulating film 2 and the surfaces of the pores are hydrophobized, can be obtained with reduced increase in the specific dielectric constant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for a complex oxide film having a high relative dielectric constant formed on a substrate surface by wet-treatment method and a production process of the complex oxide film comprising a step of washing the complex oxide film with an acid solution of pH 5 or less to thereby reduce salts in the film. Further, the invention relates to a dielectric material and a piezoelectric material containing the complex oxide film, a capacitor and a piezoelectric element including the material, and a electronic device comprising the element.

Abstract: The present invention provides electroactive polymers, transducers and devices that maintain pre-strain in one or more portions of an electroactive polymer. Electroactive polymers described herein may include a pre-strained portion and a stiffened portion configured to maintain pre-strain in the pre-strained portion. One fabrication technique applies pre-strain to a partially cured electroactive polymer. The partially cured polymer is then further cured to stiffen and maintain the pre-strain. In another fabrication technique, a support layer is coupled to the polymer that maintains pre-strain in a portion of an electroactive polymer. Another embodiment of the invention cures a polymer precursor to maintain pre-strain in an electroactive polymer.

Abstract: A method of making a golf ball including the steps of providing a preform including an uncured polybutadiene composition; coating the preform with a cure-altering material including a hydroquinone compound, a benzoquinone compound, a resorcinol compound, or a quinhydrone compound; curing the coated preform at a predetermined temperature to form a crosslinked golf ball core having an outer surface having a first hardness and a geometric center having a second hardness greater than the first to define a negative hardness gradient; and forming a cover layer about the core to form the golf ball.

Abstract: A structured material characterized in having, on a substrate, a layer having tubular pores positioned uniaxially parallel to the interface of the substrate and the layer and supporting a conductive polymer material having a function of a surfactant therein. A method for producing the above structure material characterized by the steps of providing a substrate having the anisotropy on a surface, applying a solution containing a surfactant having a functional group for polymerization in the molecular structure, a solvent therefor, and a solute different from the surfactant to the substrate, and a step of standing for a predetermined time for causing the surfactant to assemble in a predetermined direction based on the anisotropy of the substrate.

Abstract: A coated article comprising a substrate having a plastic surface and adhered thereto an organometallic film in which the metal has f electron orbitals or is niobium is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for applying organometallic films to substrates and the organometallic films themselves.

Abstract: A process for imparting flame resistance and the flame resistant fabrics produced by such process are provided. The process for imparting flame resistant properties involves treating a target fabric with one or more flame retardant chemicals (and, preferably, a softening agent) and then curing the treated fabric to durably affix the flame retardant to the fabric. In many cases, it may be desirable to subject the treated fabric to mechanical face finishing to increase softness. Optionally, stain release agents, soil repellent agents, permanent press resins, and the like may be added to the bath of flame retardant chemicals, eliminating the need for one or more additional manufacturing processes. Alternately, soil repellent agents may be applied to only one side of the treated fabric after the application of the flame retardant chemicals. The present fabrics exhibit improved performance and tear strength, even after repeated launderings, as compared to conventionally treated fabrics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for alkaline saponification of a polymer film, comprising: an alkaline-solution coating step of coating a polymer film with an alkaline solution; a temperature keeping step of keeping the polymer film coated with the alkaline solution at temperature equal to or higher than room temperature; a reaction terminating step of terminating the reaction by applying a diluting solvent or an acid solution to the polymer film kept at the temperature; and a washing step of washing away the alkaline solution from the polymer film on which the reaction has been terminated, wherein the reaction terminating step uses a bar coater having a flat-surface bar to apply the diluting solvent or acid solution to the polymer film and remove the alkaline solution from the polymer film.