Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of thiadiazoles of the type ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 =hydrogen,alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atomssubstituted alkyl groups having 1-4 carbon atoms which are substituted by halogen, carboxyl, hydroxyl or nitro group,an alkoxyCN, halogen, NO.sub.2 orCOOR in which R=H or alkyl groups 1-4 carbon atoms,and the use of synergistic combinations of thiadiazoles with other biocidal substances as biocides for material protection. The compounds according to-the invention, which are distinguished by a broad, biocidal action spectrum, can be used in particular for wood preservation for preventing the destruction of wood by fungi or bacteria, for the biocidal treatment of plastics and as preservatives or disinfectants. The recommended concentrations for use are 0.01 to 15 percent by weight-preferably 0.1-3.0 percent by weight.

Abstract: Flame retarding and smoke retarding aqueous solutions consisting essentially of: 70-96 weight % of a mixture of ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate, 1-20 weight % NaHCO.sub.3, 1-10 weight % EDTA, and water in an amount resulting in an aqueous solution comprising 11-45 weight % solids on the basis of the total weight of the aqueous solution. Methods of producing and using the flame retarding and smoke retarding aqueous solutions to impregnate absorbent porous materials, such as wood, rayon, cotton, wool and similar textile materials are also taught.

Abstract: Compositions are provided which comprise an organic polyisocyanate and at least one compound corresponding to the following general formula (I) or (II) ##STR1## wherein Y represents Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, Sn or Cu;X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, X.sub.5, X.sub.6, X.sub.7, and X.sub.8 each independently represents O or S;R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represents a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aromatic ring with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are only existing if Y is Sn(IV);R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 each independently represents hydrogen or a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms;R.sub.5 and R.sub.

Abstract: Coating and impregnation of bases.The invention relates to a composition for impregnating a base, more particularly a paper or textile base, said composition being intended to provide said base with barriers, especially at least hydrophobic barriers, and including glyoxal, the composition also being intended to provide oleophobic and solvanophobic properties simultaneously and comprising the following, by weight of dry product relative to the base:at least 0.03% of glyoxal,at least 0.01% of a dimeric alkylketen andat least 0.002% of a fluorinated salt selected from the family of the diethanolamine salts of perfluoroalkyl ethyl phosphates.Composition for rendering a paper or textile base hydrophobic, oleophobic and solvanophobic.

Abstract: A tubular packaging casing, in particular sausage casing, including a cellulose base layer and a barrier layer against steam and atmospheric oxygen, which is free from chlorine. The barrier layer includes random copolymer based on copolymerized vinyl monomers. The vinyl monomers correspond to the general formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 --X, whereinR.sup.1 denotes a methyl group or hydrogen, andX denotes a (--OCOR.sup.2) group or a (--CO.sub.2 R.sup.2) group, with R.sup.2 denoting an alkyl group having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10, and in particular 1 to 5 carbon atoms.In a further embodiment, the copolymer also includes copolymerized vinyl monomers of the above formula except that X denotes a (CO.sub.2 H) group or a (CN) group.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method for treating fibers by applying thereto a compound having the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an alkyl group from 1 to 23 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is an alkyl group from 1 to 23 carbon atoms, n is a number from 3 to 15, m is a number from 1 to 6, Y is --O-- or --S--, and X is --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O-- or --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O--, or a mixture of --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O-- and --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O--.

Abstract: A method of producing a thermoadhesive fabric covering includes applying in spots a dual coating of thermoadhesive polymers to a textile support which is then dried and cooled.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling yarn coatings such as sizing are provided which includes nuclear radiation detectors which measure the attenuated radiation through processed yarn. Before and after radiation measurements are signaled to a computer which is programmed to generate a signal which controls squeeze rollers that adjust, according to specific size requirements. A second embodiment of the invention is provided for processing tire cord webs and utilizes digital line scan cameras in conjunction with the radiation detector sensors. Line scan cameras provide an opacity measure to determine yarn count and maintain an accurate density measurement even as lateral shifts in the web during processing occur.

Abstract: A casing for a meat product is prepared by impregnating and filling meshes of a breathable fibrous food casing sheet with a polysaccharide and then drying the sheet.

Abstract: A method of making blind fabric utilizing natural or synthetic fibers or fabric as base materials to form an inexpensive fabric used in conjunction with conventional venetian and vertical blinds. The method comprises dipping, compressing, tentering, slitting into desired widths, heating, forming and slitting into desired lengths. Whereas the base material is dipped in a mixed solution of (1) thermoplastic resins, (2) thermosetting resins and (3) polyvinyl formal resin, thereafter, compressing said fabric through roller or the like, then tentering it by a tentering machine, slitting it into different widths, heating it at desired temperature to make the fabric soft in order to obtain a non-brittle, relatively flexible fabric. Finally the fabric will be formed into a curved shape and slit into desired lengths to fit the window size. In addition, the fabric can be treated with ultraviolet stabilizer, fire retardant and dust repellent to achieve desired properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to aramid fibers having a coating of a lubricant, an emulsifying system, and an antistatic agent; and to a process for making them.

Abstract: A method for uniformly coating the uppermost surface of a fibrous cellulosic decor sheet with an aqueous or melamine-based slurry containing a colorant using a slot coater; a decor sheet prepared by such method; and a laminate employing such decor sheet are described.

Abstract: Fibers such as caustic treated non round polyester fibers are prepared having certain lubricants strongly adhered to the surfaces thereof. These fibers are prepared by contacting the fibers, such as immediately prior to a crimping device, with a suitable heated hydrophilic lubricant in a processing operation followed by heating to dry or the lubricant onto and/or into the surface of the fibers.

Abstract: An aquatic antifouling composition characterized by containing as effective antifouling component a metal salt of hexamethylenedithiocarbamic acid represented by the formula below: ##STR1## (where M is a divalent or trivalent metal; n is 2 or 3.

Abstract: Carpet and textile coating compositions are formulated to include fiber or flock pieces so as to improve the tuft pull strength and dimensional stability of the carpet or textile. The coating compositions comprise 10 to 70%, by weight, of a latex binder and 30 to 90%, by weight, of at least one filler, wherein the filler comprises about 0.001 to 100%, by weight, of fiber or flock pieces. Any natural or synthetic fiber may be used in the coating compositions of this invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to an article comprising:(A) a polymer fabric treated with (B) a wetting agent which comprises at least one compound of the formula ##STR1##wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrocarbyl group having about 8 to about 150 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a hydrocarbylene group, or a hydroxy substituted or hydroxyalkyl substituted hydrocarbylene; each R.sub.3 is independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a hydrocarbylcarbonyl or a polyoxyalkylene group; each R.sub.4 is independently a hydrocarbylene group; each n is independently 1 to 150; m is zero or one; m' is zero or one; M is a hydrogen, an ammonium cation or a metal cation, andwhen m' is zero, X is --H, --Ar, --OH, --OR.sub.5, ##STR2## when m' is one, X is --H, --R.sub.5, ##STR3##wherein each R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having up to 100 carbon atoms; R.sub.7 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms and Ar is a phenyl group.

Abstract: A multilayer membrane is composed of a carrier layer, a porous supporting layer and a separating layer. The carrier layer consists of fibers of polyamide, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyester or glass; the porous supporting layer consists of a polysulfone, polyvinylidene difluoride, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polyacrylonitrile or polyether imide; the separating layer consists of polyvinyl alcohol. The separating layer is nonporous and has a structure having a high microcrystalline content. A process of manufacturing that membrane is also described.

Abstract: Method and process using a supercritical fluid, with or without the aid of entrainers 1) to solubilize a monomer, monomer mixture or polymer which may or may not include additives and entrainers, 2) to carry the supercritical solvent mixture thereby created into the wood matrix, 3) to remove extractives from the wood, 4) to precipitate the monomer or polymer within the wood, and 5) to polymerize the monomer in situ in the wood.

Abstract: A method of pretreating fabrics and textiles to impart soil release properties involves contacting the fabrics with a graft copolymer of polyoxyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene terephthalate with vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate.

Abstract: A method for imparting flame resistance to fabric articles comprising natural or regenerated fibers is provided for. The method comprises: applying a detergent solution to fabric articles; rinsing the detergent solution from the fabric articles; applying an aqueous solution of one or more water-soluble flame retardant compounds to the damp fabric articles; removing excess amounts of the aqueous flame retardant solution from the fabric articles; recycling the excess amount of the aqueous retardant solution for use in treating other fabric articles; filtering the recycled aqueous flame retardant solution; and drying the fabric articles.

Abstract: Method of treating cellulose fibers wherein the fibers are treated with a composition containing a reagent A-B-X based on cyanuric chloride (A) in which one of the three chlorines has been reacted with an amine or hydroxyl compound (B-X). The reagent reacts under alkaline conditions with cellulose hydroxyl groups. A resin, e.g., polyester or vinyl resin, is then reacted with the thus modified cellulose fibers through the B-X substituent.

Abstract: A generally hydrophobic polyester article is provided with a generally hydrophilic surface by contacting said general hydrophobic polyester with a copolymeric material while said polyester is at a temperature above its melting point. The copolymeric composition comprises a generally hydrophobic moiety and a generally hydrophilic moiety. Also disclosed is a method for imparting the hydrophilic surface to a generally hydrophobic polyester which method comprises contacting a generally hydrophobic polyester with a copolymeric material while said generally hydrophobic polyester is at a temperature above its melting point. In one preferred embodiment the generally hydrophobic polyester is contacted with said copolymeric composition immediately after said polyester has been extruded and while said polyester is undergoing die swell.

Abstract: A support binder in the form of a scrim having a plurality of spaced frame elements forming openings. Foam material surrounds said frame elements and extends into some of said openings. The foam material has a pressure-sensitive adhesive coating thereon. Preferably, the foam material comprises support pillows which extend into and substantially close alternate openings to give a checkerboard configuration to the support binder.

Abstract: A hot-melt sizing agent with melting point 50.degree.-100.degree. C. is attached to warps inside a heated chamber at a temperature of 150.degree. or below and at viscosity of 100 centipoise or below and the warps are thereafter bent inside the chamber by means of three or more free rollers. The hot-melt sizing agent contains 70 wt % or more of ester wax of one or more specified kinds and 30 wt % or less of hydrocarbon wax.

Abstract: Thermoprocessible aramid matrix polymer based composites have high flex and short beam shear strengths and low moisture uptake.

Abstract: Laundry dryer sheets having a good loading of surfactant are prepared by (1) coating an absorbent flexible substrate with a molten tert-amine oxide wherein the molecules correspond to the formula RR'R"NO.nH.sub.2 O in which R is a primary alkyl group containing 9-24 carbons; R' is methyl, ethyl, or 2-hydroxyethyl; R" is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, and primary alkyl groups containing 8-24 carbons; and n is 0, 1, or 2, at least some of the molecules being dihydrate molecules, and (2) solidifying the amine oxide.

Abstract: An antifouling composition for use on nettings is comprised of a chloro isophthalic acid derivative, a benzothiazole derivative, 4,5 dichloro-2-N-octyl, isophthiazole-3-one, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate, (3-3,4 dichlorophenyl) 1,1 dimethyl urea and mixtures thereof in a water base system for controlling algae and marine organism growth on submerged netting for use in free flowing sea and/or fresh water.

Abstract: A method for quantifying size encapsulation of yarn on a slasher comprising measuring the hairiness of yarn entering a slasher prior to the application of size to the yarn, measuring the hairiness of the yarn leaving the slasher and solving the equation: ##EQU1## Apparatus for quantifying the size encapsulation of yarn on a slasher comprises an entry hairiness sensor positioned at the entry side of a slasher, a delivery hairiness sensor positioned at the delivery side of the slasher, the entry and delivery sensors producing signals proportional to the hairiness of the yarn at the entry and delivery sides of the slasher respectively, and a computer for solving the above indicated equation and producing an output signal representative of size encapsulation.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reducing yarn threadline breakage during the washing step of a wet spinning operation to make fine denier yarns.

Abstract: Method and process using a supercritical fluid, with or without the aid of entrainers (1) to solubilize a monomer, monomer mixture or polymer which may or may not include additives and entrainers, (2) to carry the supercritical solvent mixture thereby created into the wood matrix, (3) to remove extractives from the wood, (4) to precipitate the monomer or polymer within the wood, and (5) to polymerize the monomer in situ in the wood.

Abstract: There are described solvent-free, low monomer or monomer-free polymerizable melt compositions suitable for the corrosion and abrasion resistant coatings of substrates and formed bodies of metal, plastic, cellulose materials and/or inorganic materials and/or the creation of a protective film with barrier properties and methods of making them. The melt compositions are particularly useful especially for use in packaging, and comprise: (a) at least one polymerizable, hydroxyl-containing polymer having an average molecular weight (Mw) of between 1,000 and 500,000 and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of .gtoreq.+20.degree. C., and/or (b) at least one polymerizable, linear unbranched and/or branched polyester and/or its copolymer having an average molecular weight (Mw) of between 800 and 50,000 and a glass transition temperature (Tg) of .gtoreq.-50.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of imparting heat resisting properties to synthetic plastics materials comprises incorporating in the material an organic antioxidant each molecule of which contains a reactive hydrogen atom and does not become an oxidation radical when the hydrogen atom is replaced by a free radical obtained from the polymer.

Abstract: A two stage polymerization process for preparing a vinyl acetate/ethylene emulsion copolymer containing a monomer which is normally incompatible with vinyl acetate. In the first stage the vinyl acetate and ethylene and, optionally, an active crosslinking comonomer and/or latent crosslinking comonomer are free radical polymerized in the presence of a stabilizing system to yield a first stage polymer emulsion. When the free vinyl acetate monomer content of the first stage emulsion is less than about 5%, the second stage polymerization begins by adding the incompatible monomer. Preferably, there is no cessation of the addition of the free radical source during the transition from the first stage to the second stage polymerization. No additional stabilizing system is added to the reaction in the second stage.Vinyl acetate/ethylene/incompatible comonomer/latent crosslinking comonomer copolymers prepared by the two stage polymerization process are suitably used as binders for making nonwoven products.

Abstract: A reflection-preventive layer composed of a specific polyfluoro(meth)acrylate is formed on one or both of the surfaces of a transparent film of a cellulose derivative. In this reflection-preventive pellicle film, the minimum light transmission in wavelengths of 350 to 450 nm is improved and the average light transmission is improved, and the adhesion of the reflection-preventive layer to the cellulose derivative layer is excellent.

Abstract: Stain-resistant substrates comprising sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation products and polymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, polyamide textile substrates treated wtih the same, and processes for their preparation. The stain-ressitant compositions and substrates possess improved stain resistance but do not suffer from yellowing to the extent that previously known materials do.

Abstract: An emulsifier comprising the reaction product of a substituted succinic anhydride and a nonionic water-soluble compound having 1 to 3 reactive polar groups. There is also disclosed a stable substituted succinic anhydride/nonionic emulsifier composition, a method for imparting water repellency to surfaces containing groups reactive to anhydrides, and a method for the sizing of paper using said composition.

Abstract: Diquaternary ammonium salts of the formula ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are each independently of the other C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene,Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2 are each independently of the other --NH-- or --O--,R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkoxyalkyl, each containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety,Y.sub.1.sup.1.crclbar. is the anion of a strong acid,Z.sub.1 is C.sub.3 -C.sub.24 alkylene which is substituted by hydroxy and may be interrupted by oxygen atoms andn is 1 or 2.are suitable for use as textile finishing agents.

Abstract: Artificial athletic turf has a simulated grass surface provided by tufting strips into a backing fabric. The tufts are held in place by a precoat of polyurethane, and a reinforcing sheet is embedded within the precoat to provide tear resistance. A foamed polyurethane is placed on the precoat, and one or more reinforcing sheets are also embedded within or placed on the foamed polyurethane. The strips are hydrophobic plastic with strength to prevent damage, and the coatings are polyurethane reinforced for tear resistance, which also yields a resilience as needed for an athletic mat. One or more of the fibrous sheets may be needle felt to provide some of the needed resilience. The turf is cut along lines parallel and perpendicular to the tufting lines to provide tiles, and the tiles are assembled to form the desired turf.

Abstract: Artificial athletic turf has a simulated grass surface provided by tufting strips into a backing fabric. The tufts are held in place by a precoat of polyurethane, and a reinforcing sheet is embedded within the precoat to provide tear resistance. A formed polyurethane is placed on the precoat, and one or more reinforcing sheet are also embedded within the foamed polyurethane. The strips are hydrophobic plastic with strength to prevent damage, and the coatings are polyurethane reinforced for tear resistance, which also yields a resilience as needed for an athletic mat. A hole can be cut into the mat, and the hole reinforced with a sleeve, to receive a tee for use as a golf mat.

Abstract: A synthetic leather-like material includes a woven fabric base, an acrylic paint layer over the fabric, a clear polymer layer over the paint, and a silicone layer over the polymer.

Abstract: Abrasion resistant fabric can be woven from substantially untwisted polyester or polyamide yarn and treated with an overfinish composition to give enhanced abrasion resistance. The overfinish composition comprises effective amounts of a specified crystallizable copolymer consisting essentially of linear polyethylene terephthalate segments and polyoxyethylene terephthalate segments, a specified polyethyleneglycol ester or alcohol, and sodium dialkylnaphthalene.

Abstract: A method, in which a water-proof sheet prefabricated in the factory is bonded or stuck to an outer wall. This water-proof sheet is an exterior water-proof ornamental sheet according to the present invention, that is, a sheet comprising a fibrous sheet member, water-proof layer and ornamental layer laminated in this order, in which a part of the water-proof layer is formed by impregnating said fibrous sheet member with water-proof paints used for the formation of this water-proof layer. This sheet was stuck to the outer wall surface using adhesives or stuck to the outer wall surface through an adhesive water-proof rubber sheet to form an outer surface of the outer wall, whereby succeeding in the construction of a highly water-proof outer wall.In addition, the improvement of weather-resistance and contamination-resistance could be attained by forming a top coat paint film layer formed of paints capable of improving such performances on the above described sheet like ornamental layer.

Abstract: A breathable backing or release liner comprising a breathable, woven or non-woven support member having a silicone-release coating on essentially only one side thereof, said coating being formed by applying a radiation-curable composition containing a polysiloxane to one side of said support and exposing said composition to radiation such that said composition does not substantially penetrate said support.

Abstract: An improved bonded polyester fiberfill batt, characterized by a lower inclination to leak fibers through a shell fabric, made by using a blend of binder fiber with binder-compatible fiberfill of low denier for the outer covering of the batt, and spraying thereon a resin-bonding agent, and effecting bonding of both binder fiber and bonding agent to form a sealed outer surface.

Abstract: A high-speed process for coating substrates with thin organic coatings in a vacuum is disclosed and claimed. The process utilizes relatively low boiling, reactive monomers (e.g., polyacrylates) which are flash vaporized, condensed on the substrates and cured, in situ. The resultant cured films are pin-hole free and exhibit excellent adhesion. The process is capable of being run at very high coating and curing speeds, e.g., between 1 and 1000 cm/second.

Abstract: A fabrous material is impregnated with a treating agent comprising (1) a tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium compound or an ammonium condensate of a tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium compound, (2) methylolmelamine and (3) urea, thiourea or a guamidine salt, and the fabric is heated with high-pressure steam or subjected to a microwave heat treatment in the pressure of water vapor. A high and durable flame retardancy can be imparted to the fibrous material by this treatment. Especially good results are obtained when a fibrous material composed of a mixture of a polyester fiber and a cellulose fiber is treated according to this method.

Abstract: Aqueous solution of alkali or ammonium acrylate is applied to a prefabricated fibrous substrate, and the acrylate is subjected to polymerization in two steps, namely the first step in which the acrylate is polymerized by means of a radical polymerization initiator and the second step which is subsequent to the first step and in which the unpolymerized acrylate is polymerized by means of heat treatment at 100.degree.-250.degree. C.

Abstract: Elastomer-coated fabric products having predetermined potential extension in the fabric's machine direction and processes for producing the same. The fabric product of the invention preferably includes an elastomer-coated warp-knit, weft-insert fabric whereby the warp knit yarns provide a first potential elongation (as by selection of the type and/or denier of yarns employed). The fabric is compressed in the machine direction (as by overfeeding the fabric to a tenter frame during production) so as to provide a second potential elongation, and is maintained in its compressed state by virtue of the elastomer coating thereon. The first and second elongation potentials thus collectively establish the total potential elongation for the fabric in the machine direction.

Abstract: A textile product with enhanced flame and/or smoke retardant properties and a method of forming the same is disclosed. The textile product is comprised of a textile material and a backcoating comprised of a polymer matrix and inorganic smoke suppressant and/or flame retardant intumescent particles. The backcoating may also contain an inorganic filler that further enhances the flame retardancy and low smoke properties of the textile product. The methods of forming this textile product include mixing the smoke suppressant and/or flame retardant intumescent particles with the backcoating prior to its application to the textile material or the simultaneous spreading of the particles on the textile material with the polymer backcoating in order to form a layer of the particles directly adjacent to the textile material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making emery boards comprising the steps of providing a substrate selected from the group consisting of wood, cardboard and plastic sheets having first and second surfaces; adhesively applying abrasive paper on at least one surface of said substrate; forming on said abrasive surface a uniform film comprising a lubricant and a humectant selected from the groups consisting of lubricant and humectant polyethylene glycols by applying a film of a solution comprising said lubricant and humectant on said surface and drying said surface, said film being sufficiently thin so as not to impart a greasy feeling to the touch on said emery board nor interfere with the abrasive action of said board; and cutting out emery boards from said surface in the desired shape.