Abstract: The invention provides a system for the in vivo treatment of diseased tissue, the system comprising a first longitudinally extending surface and a second longitudinally extending surface coaxial to the first longitudinally extending surface to form a medicament carrying vehicle, wherein the vehicle defines a tunnel adapted to allow physiological fluid to pass through the vehicle. Also provided is method for treating, in vivo, diseased tissue, the method comprising inserting a housing into a tumor excision site and removably sliding a medicament vehicle within the vehicle so as to be encapsulated by the housing.

Abstract: A method for producing an abrasion-resistant coating on the inner wall of an aluminum alloy workpiece is provide. The steps include mixing a graphene powder and Al powder to obtain a mixed powder; combining and heating the mixed power with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) liquid, and performing spray granulation to obtain a low-temperature self-propagating composite; stirring a slurry comprising the low-temperature self-propagating composite and sodium silicate; injecting the slurry into a cylindrical inner cavity of an aluminum alloy workpiece mounted on a horizontal rotary table for rotation, the aluminum alloy workpiece is heated with the rotation at a second temperature of 80-100° C. so that the slurry is uniformly solidified on the cylindrical inner surface of the cylindrical inner cavity; and burning the slurry, after the slurry is uniformly solidified and while the rotation is maintained, with an oxyacetylene flame to form the wear-resistant coating.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a vacuum impregnation device for vacuum a impregnating a workpiece. The vacuum impregnation device may include a vacuum impregnation tank for storing glue, the vacuum impregnation tank including a side wall; a sliding block coupled to the side wall of the vacuum impregnation tank, the sliding block being adapted for supporting the workpiece above the glue; and an electromagnetic controller, the electromagnetic controller being disposed outside the vacuum impregnation tank and being operative to move the sliding block towards the side wall of the vacuum impregnation tank such that the workpiece is released and drops into the glue. This type of device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and convenient operation.

Abstract: A gas separator includes a separation membrane complex in which a separation membrane with pores having a mean pore diameter less than or equal to 1 nm is formed on a porous support, and a gas supply part that supplies a mixed gas including CO2 and another gas from the side of the separation membrane to the separation membrane complex. Then, CO2 in the mixed gas is caused to permeate through the separation membrane and the support and is separated from the mixed gas in a state in which at least part of a permeation surface of the support, from which a gas having permeated through the separation membrane is exhausted, has a temperature lower by 10° C. or more than the temperature of the mixed gas before being supplied to the separation membrane complex.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method for permeating color into components includes the step of placing substrates inside a carrier. The method includes the step of placing the carrier inside an ultrasonic cleaning tank of an ultrasonic cleaning machine. The method includes the step of performing an ultrasonic cleaning in the ultrasonic cleaning tank. After the ultrasonic cleaning, the method transports the carrier with a robotic arm to a washing tank. The method includes the step of inserting, with the robotic arm, the carrier into the washing tank and neutralizing a substrate with water in the washing tank. The method includes the step of feeding warm water into a channel of the washing tank up to a specified level. The method includes the step of steaming the washing tank for a specified steaming time.

Abstract: An Al—Zn—Si—Mg alloy coated strip that has Mg2Si particles in the coating microstructure is disclosed. The distribution of Mg2Si particles is such that the surface of the coating has only a small proportion of Mg2Si particles or is at least substantially free of any Mg2Si particles.

Abstract: A wind power blade multi-robot cooperative grinding and roller coating operation assembly line system is provided and includes: a working platform; a blade tip transfer and tooling turning system and a blade root transfer and tooling turning system arranged on a middle of the working platform and configured to support and adjust a head and a tail of the wind power blade respectively; wind power blade automatic grinding robots and wind power blade automatic roller coating robots symmetrically arranged on the working platform and located on two sides of the wind power blade. An automatic processing of grinding and roller coating of wind power blades is realized, which can reduce labor intensity. An integration of omnidirectional transfer and weight of the wind power blades is realized, which can detect the weight in real-time. A blade sprain is avoided effectively, and a layout of an assembly line is more flexible.

Abstract: Aspects herein relate to apparatus and methods for coating medical devices. In an embodiment, a coating system is included having a two-part fluid applicator defining a central channel, the two-part fluid applicator can include a first part having a first degree of flexibility; and a second part having a second degree of flexibility. The system can further include a fluid supply conduit in fluid communication with the fluid applicator; and a fluid supply reservoir in fluid communication with the fluid supply conduit. Other embodiments are also included herein.

Abstract: A foaming and dyeing integrated production method for a polymer material product includes steps of putting a polymer material preform into a foaming and dyeing kettle, and loading dye into a dyeing circulation module; gasifying CO2 and injecting the CO2 into the foaming and dyeing kettle, stopping pressurization when the CO2 reaches a supercritical state; performing a dyeing circulation process in which the CO2 in the supercritical state enters the dyeing circulation module and dissolves the dye in the dyeing circulation module, when the dyeing process is finished, injecting CO2 and/or N2 pressurized in the fluid pressurization delivery module and heated in the fluid heating module into the foaming and dyeing kettle, stopping pressurization and starting foaming operation when requirements of a foaming process are met; and when the foaming process is finished, taking out a foamed and dyed polymer material product in the foaming and dyeing kettle.

Abstract: A ceramic electronic component includes an element body, and first and second external electrodes formed on the element body. The element body has a dielectric, and first and second internal electrodes. The first external electrode includes a first base layer formed on the element body. The first base layer is connected to the first internal electrode and an edge of the first baser layer is present on a first surface of the element body. The first external electrode also includes a first plating layer formed on the first base layer. An edge of the first plating layer is present on the first surface of the element body at a position different from a position of the edge of the first base layer in a direction perpendicular to the first surface. The second external electrode has a similar structure to the first external electrode.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for extracting plant oil from plant material by cooling an alcohol solvent to a temperature of ?40° C. or lower, contacting the plant material with the cold solvent to extract plant oil to provide a solvent and plant oil mixture, heating the mixture to convert the solvent to a gaseous state to thereby separate the solvent from the plant oil, and cooling the separated gaseous solvent to a liquid to recover the solvent. The apparatus may include a heat exchanger to cool the alcohol solvent, a centrifuge configured to receive and contact a batch of plant material with the cold solvent to extract oil from the plant material to provide a solvent and oil mixture, and a programmable logic controller to monitor and control the temperature of the cold solvent, and control the centrifuge to agitate the solvent in contact with the plant material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an epoxy resin solution, from which an epoxy resin-cured product adequately excellent in heat-resisting properties and dielectric properties can be obtained with adequately good working properties ensured. The present invention relates to an epoxy resin solution containing at least a curing agent and an epoxy resin mixed in an organic solvent, wherein the curing agent comprises an imide group-containing curing agent having 1-4 imide groups and 2-4 glycidyl group-reactive functional groups in a molecule.

Abstract: Antimicrobial catheters and medical devices are provided. In some aspects, a low durometer aliphatic polyether polyurethane may be impregnated with a first antimicrobial agent (e.g., minocycline and rifampin) and coated with a second antimicrobial agent (e.g., chlorhexidine, gendine, or gardine). The antimicrobial catheters may display improved flexibility and resistance to kinking. Methods of producing the antimicrobial catheters are also provided.

Abstract: A blade comprises an airfoil having a root end and a tip. A metallic substrate is along at least a portion of the airfoil. An abrasive tip coating comprises an abrasive and an aluminum-based matrix. An aluminum-based base layer is between the tip coating and the substrate.

Abstract: A shell and a method for processing the shell are provided. The method includes: coating a sol prepared in advance on an inner surface of a ceramic shell prepared in advance; sintering the ceramic shell coated with the sol by using a sintering process, and forming a transition layer having nano-sized micro-pores on the inner surface of the ceramic shell.

Abstract: Method of producing short carbon nanotube fibers from a carbonaceous gas.

Abstract: A process for producing a process for producing a LnM2Cu3Ox high-temperature superconductive powder, the process comprising: i) providing an aqueous solution of Ln, M and Cu and at least one mineral acid; ii) adding at least one sequestrating agent and, optionally, at least one dispersant to the solution to form a precipitate; iii) recovering the precipitate from the solution; and iv) heating the precipitate in a flow of oxygen to form the LnM2Cu3Ox powder, wherein Ln is a rare earth element, preferably Y, Ce, Dy, Er, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Sc, Yb, or a mixture of two or more thereof, and wherein M is selected from Ca, Sr, and Ba.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a foaming and dyeing integrated production line for a polymer material product, and a method thereof. The production line comprises a foaming and dyeing kettle, a pressure control module, a dye separation module, a fluid liquefaction and storage module, a fluid pressurization delivery module, a fluid heating module and a dyeing circulation module. The production line integrates the functions of one-step foaming and supercritical fluid dyeing of polymer material, thereby being simple in structure, comprehensive in function, convenient to operate, high in production efficiency, good in product quality and low in cost; besides, the production line can carry out both dyeing and foaming operations, only foaming operation or only dyeing operation on polymer material.

Abstract: A method for preparing an electrochromic device. In the method the device is prepared by inserting monovalent cations into a reducing electrochromic layer in advance, for instance, through a dry process. In particular, the method involves inserting monovalent cations into an electrochromic layer which includes a reducing electrochromic material. Then, subsequently and sequentially, placing an electrolyte layer and an ion storage layer on the electrochromic layer. In this way, it is possible to improve driving durability of the electrochromic device.

Abstract: A medical temperature monitoring system includes an electrical wire set having a thermistor at a distal end of the wire set configured to sense temperatures to which the thermistor is exposed; an electronic circuit in electrical communication with the wire set and the thermistor and configured to convert the temperatures sensed by the thermistor to temperature display signals; a display in electrical communication with the electronic circuit for receiving the temperature display signals and displaying temperatures corresponding to the temperature display signals; and a bead of cured protective material encapsulating the thermistor. The protective material is a radiation curable adhesive applied to the thermistor in an uncured state and then cured to encapsulate the thermistor. The bead of cured protective material electrically isolates the conductor sufficient to pass a Hi-Pot test at 500 VAC, <0.1 mA.

Abstract: The multilayer coating film formation method for forming a multilayer coating film on a substrate comprises the steps of: applying an undercoat paint composition (X) comprising an antioxidant (a1) to a substrate to form at least one layer of an uncured first coating film; applying a topcoat paint composition (Y) containing a carboxy-containing polymer (b1) and an epoxy-containing acrylic resin (b2) to the first coating film to form an uncured second coating film; and simultaneously heating the uncured first coating film and the uncured second coating film to cure the films.

Abstract: One aspect of the disclosure relates to a sliding member. The sliding member includes: a first sliding portion having a first lubricant placed between first parts of a first friction sliding mechanism; a second sliding portion having a second lubricant placed between second parts of a second friction sliding mechanism; and a third sliding portion having a third lubricant placed between third parts of a third friction sliding mechanism. The first sliding portion is in contact with the third lubricant, and the second sliding portion is not in contact with the third lubricant. The second lubricant contains an additive containing conductive carbon, and the third lubricant contains no conductive carbon. The second lubricant contains a relatively larger amount of the conductive carbon than the first lubricant.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying a liquid adhesive according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a side part including a support surface configured to support one surface of an upright secondary battery; and a lower part including an adhesion space configured to accommodate the liquid adhesive therein and configured to accommodate insertion of a sealing part disposed at the one surface of the upright secondary battery, the lower part having a passage extending from an outer periphery of the lower part to the adhesion space, the passage configured to permit the liquid adhesive to flow from the outer periphery to the adhesion space, wherein the lower part is disposed below the side part.

Abstract: A method for generating or enhancing a shell for a printed three-dimensional (3D) object includes converting a 3D print file representing the 3D object to at least one vector file representing the 3D object; using a vector trapping algorithm on the at least one vector file to generate or enhance the shell in the at least one vector file; processing the at least one vector file with the shell to produce at least one rasterized vector file; and printing, using the at least one rasterized vector file, the 3D object with the shell.

Abstract: When manufacturing an electrode for an electrolytic capacitor, in a first hydration step (ST1), an aluminum electrode is immersed in a first hydration processing solution having a temperature of at least 70° C. and comprising pure water or an aqueous solution to which phosphoric acid or a phosphate has been added so that the phosphorus concentration is no greater than 4 mass ppm. In a second hydration step (ST2), the aluminum electrode is immersed in a second hydration processing solution to which phosphoric acid or a phosphate has been added so that the phosphorus concentration is 4-5000 mass ppm, the second hydration processing solution having a pH of 3.0-9.0 and a temperature of at least 70° C.

Abstract: A hearing aid is shown and described. The hearing aid includes a body portion having a microphone, an earplug in communication with the body, portion having a speaker, a battery and visible and audible beacons disposed in the body portion, and circuitry or programming designed to provide a spatialization function. The hearing aid includes a material having coloring corresponding to the skin pigmentation of a user. The hearing aid is designed to maintain a reserve level of battery power. The hearing aid is waterproof, and can be controlled by a remote controller or telephone application.

Abstract: One aspect of the disclosure relates to a sliding member. The sliding member includes: a first sliding portion having a first lubricant placed between first parts of a first friction sliding mechanism; a second sliding portion having a second lubricant placed between second parts of a second friction sliding mechanism; and a third sliding portion having a third lubricant placed between third parts of a third friction sliding mechanism. The first sliding portion is in contact with the third lubricant, and the second sliding portion is not in contact with the third lubricant. The second lubricant contains an additive containing conductive carbon, and the third lubricant contains no conductive carbon. The second lubricant contains a relatively larger amount of the conductive carbon than the first lubricant.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a high-pressure tank includes: forming a vessel body including a body portion having a cylindrical shape, a domical portion having a hemispherical shape and provided at an end of the body portion, and a neck portion extending from the domical portion in an axial direction of the domical portion; winding fibers around an outer peripheral surface of the vessel body to form a plurality of fiber layers laminated in a radial direction of the vessel body; and placing, in a mold, the vessel body around which the fibers have been wound, and then injecting a resin onto the neck portion in an axial direction of the vessel body to impregnate the fibers with the resin.

Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to apparatuses and methods for electroplating one or more materials onto a substrate. Embodiments herein utilize a cross flow conduit in the electroplating cell to divert flow of fluid from a region between a substrate and a channeled ionically resistive plate positioned near the substrate down to a level lower than level of fluid in a fluid containment unit for collecting overflow fluid from the plating system for recirculation. The cross flow conduit can include channels cut into components of the plating cell to allow diverted flow, or can include an attachable diversion device mountable to an existing plating cell to divert flow downwards to the fluid containment unit. Embodiments also include a flow restrictor which may be a plate or a pressure relief valve for modulating flow of fluid in the cross flow conduit during plating.

Abstract: Thermoregulated multilayer material characterized in that it comprises at least one substrate and one thermoregulated layer, said thermoregulated multilayer material having: for ? radiation of between 0.25 and 2 ?m, an absorption coefficient ?m?0.8; and, for incident ? radiation of between 7.5 and 10 ?m, a reflection coefficient ?m: ?m?0.85, when the temperature T of said multilayer material 1 is ?100° C.; ?m between 0.3 and 0.85, when the temperature T of said multilayer material is between 0 and 400° C.

Abstract: A separator for a lithium-sulfur battery and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same are provided. More particularly, a separator for a lithium-sulfur battery including a porous substrate; and a coating layer present on at least one surface of the porous substrate, wherein the coating layer includes a polymer including a main chain, with a functional group having a non-covalent electron pair present in the main chain and a side chain with an aromatic hydrocarbon group present in the side chain.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, an organic fluorine compound is represented by a general formula (R-?-E-CH2-A-CH2-E?)n-??-G??(1B) (where n is an integer of 2 to 5, A is a divalent perfluoropolyether group, ? is an arylene group or a single bond, R is an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group, and E and E? are each independently an ether bond or an ester bond or a group that is represented by a chemical formula —O—CH2CH(OH)CH2O— ?? is a group in which n+1 hydrogen atoms are separated from benzene, G is an organic group containing a fullerene skeleton, the n number of groups each of which is represented by a general formula R-?-E-CH2-A-CH2-E?- may be the same or different, and at least one ? among the n number of ? is an arylene group).

Abstract: Methods of forming graphene hard mask films are disclosed. Some methods are advantageously performed at lower temperatures. The substrate is exposed to an aromatic precursor to form the graphene hard mask film. The substrate comprises one or more of titanium nitride (TiN), tantalum nitride (TaN), silicon (Si), cobalt (Co), titanium (Ti), silicon dioxide (SiO2), copper (Cu), and low-k dielectric materials.

Abstract: Forming a two-dimensional polymeric sheet includes translating a portion of a flexible substrate through a first liquid precursor to coat the portion of the flexible substrate with the first liquid precursor, thereby yielding a precursor-coated portion of the flexible substrate. The precursor-coated portion of the flexible substrate is translated through an interface between the first liquid precursor and a second liquid precursor, thereby reacting the first liquid precursor on the precursor-coated portion of the flexible substrate with the second liquid precursor to yield a polymer-coated portion of the flexible substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an exhaust gas purifying catalyst including a first catalyst layer (12). The first catalyst layer (12) includes a first section (14) and a second section (15) in an exhaust gas flow direction, the first section (14) being located on an upstream side in the exhaust gas flow direction relative to the second section (15). The first section (14) and the second section (15) both contain a catalytically active component including a specific element. A concentration of the specific element is higher in the first section (14) than in the second section (15). A concentration gradient of the specific element contained in the first section (14) in a thickness direction of the catalyst layer (12) is milder than a concentration gradient of the specific element contained in the second section (15) in the thickness direction.

Abstract: Lens holding device holding an optical lens at its edge during a dip coating in a dip coating bath. First elastic lens holder having first lens edge holder holds the optical lens at a right edge of the optical lens, second elastic lens holder with second lens edge holder holds the optical lens at a left edge of the optical lens, and a circumferential frame with a third lens edge holder holds the optical lens at a lower edge of the optical lens. The circumferential frame has first and second lateral frame portions such that when the lens holder is raised out of the dip coating bath, waves caused at a surface of the dip coating bath are damped by the right or left lens edge holder, respectively.

Abstract: Provided are a catalyst structure for ozone decomposition including a support containing a porous inorganic material, and an ?-MnO2 catalyst located on at least a portion of inner pores and a surface of the support, an air-cleaning method using the same, and an air-cleaning device and an air-cleaning system each including the catalyst structure for ozone decomposition.

Abstract: The process of reacting nanoscale ce-MoS2 nanosheets anchored on oxide support with lead in solution at room temperature whereby the reaction is rapid and spontaneous resulting in the formation of PbMoO4-xSx in the process of scavenging Pb2+ and Pb4+ present in the solution.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purifying catalyst (10) according to the present invention is an exhaust gas purifying catalyst including the first catalyst layer (12). The first catalyst layer (12) includes the first section (14) and the second section (15) in the exhaust gas flow direction. The first section (14) is located on the upstream side in the exhaust gas flow direction relative to the second section (15). A catalyst layer (16) contains a catalytically active component including a specific element. The concentration of the specific element in the catalyst layer (12) is higher in the first section (14) than in the second section (15), in terms of mass per unit volume. When the first section is divided in half along the thickness direction of the first catalyst layer (12), the ratio of a1 to a2, a1/a2, is 1.

Abstract: A method for forming paper straps is provided. The method may include providing a paper strip from a base sheet and directing the paper strip through a first die to form an intermediate string. The method may further include directing the intermediate string from the first die through a second die, the intermediate string exiting the second die in a substantially non-twisted state. Related apparatuses and devices to form paper straps are also provided.

Abstract: A high performance, lead free, Ag paste thermal interface material (TIM) for die attachment and substrate bonding in electronic packaging includes: (i) multiscale silver particles, (ii) metal-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), (iii) a polymer, and (iv) a liquid carrier. The multiscale silver particles and metal-coated carbon nanotubes, which function as hybrid filler components, are uniformly dispersed within the TIM composition. The sintered TIM exhibits high density, high mechanical strength, and high thermal conductivity. The components of the liquid carrier including the solvent, binder, surfactants, and thinner are completely evaporated or burned off during sintering. Sintering of the TIM can be conducted at a relatively low temperature, without or with very low (<0.1 MPa) pressure, in open air and without vacuum or inert gas protection. The TIM can be utilized in substrate bonding not only on conventional metal-plated surfaces but also bare Cu substrate surfaces.

Abstract: A bezel making device is provided which may be used for the manufacture of fancy bezels, castellated bezels, serrated bezels, and other jewelry structures using a bezel material. In some embodiments, the device may include a front plate and a back plate. The front plate may have a first crenellated edge, the first crenellated edge having a plurality of first merlons and first crenels, in which each first merlon of the plurality of first merlons and first crenels is separated from an adjacent first merlon by a first crenel. The back plate may have a second merlon (preferably of a second crenellated edge having a plurality of second merlons and second crenels) and the bezel material may be held between the front plate and back plate by tensioning the bezel material between the plurality of first merlons and first crenels and the one or more second merlons.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods of storing electrical energy for electric vehicles are provided. A battery pack can be disposed in an electric vehicle to power the electric vehicle. A battery cell can be arranged in the battery pack. The battery cell can have a housing. The housing can define a cavity within the housing. The battery cell can have a solid electrolyte arranged within the cavity. The battery cell can have a cathode disposed within the cavity along a first side of the solid electrolyte. The battery cell can have an anode. The anode can have a carbon nanotube structure. The anode can be disposed within the cavity along the second side of the solid electrolyte and separated from the cathode by the solid electrolyte. The carbon nanotube structure can have pores. The pores can be deposited with electrolyte material to retain lithium material received via the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods of storing electrical energy for electric vehicles are provided. A battery pack can be disposed in an electric vehicle to power the electric vehicle. A battery cell can be arranged in the battery pack. The battery cell can have a housing. The housing can define a cavity within the housing. The battery cell can have a solid electrolyte arranged within the cavity. The battery cell can have a cathode disposed within the cavity along a first side of the solid electrolyte. The battery cell can have an anode. The anode can have a carbon nanotube structure. The anode can be disposed within the cavity along the second side of the solid electrolyte and separated from the cathode by the solid electrolyte. The carbon nanotube structure can have pores. The pores can be deposited with electrolyte material to retain lithium material received via the solid electrolyte.

Abstract: A photoconductive drum includes an elongated support element with a shaped charge generation layer. The layer extends from the support element at various thicknesses along a length thereof. Thicker charge generation portions provides denser optical densities compared to thinner portions allowing tailoring the photoconductive drum to compensate for imperfect optical scanning systems. A charge transport layer overcoats the charge generation layer. Optionally, an oxidation layer underlies the charge generation layer as does a protective overcoat overlying the charge transport layer. Various thicknesses and shapes of the charge generation layer are also disclosed.

Abstract: Transfer films, articles made therewith, and layer-by-layer methods of making and using transfer films to form an inorganic optical stack are disclosed.

Abstract: Shaping a photoconductive drum includes preparing a dispersion having a charge generation composition and dipping an elongated support element into the dispersion. Withdrawing from the dispersion portions of the support element at different speeds results in different thicknesses of charge generation composition on the support element. Faster withdrawal results in thicker charge generation composition than does slower withdrawal. Portions with thicker composition provide denser optical densities compared to thinner composition allowing tailoring the photoconductive drum to compensate for imperfect optical scanning systems. Coating the support element with a charge transport layer occurs next, then curing. Oxidation of the support element may occur prior to application of the charge generation composition. A protective overcoat may also exist over the charge transport layer.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems and methods for photonic sintering of conductive ink compositions with metal nanoparticles. Specifically, the disclosure relates to methods and systems for sintering ink compositions with metal nanoparticles using an illumination source comprising an array of pulsed light emitting diodes (LEDs).

Abstract: A method of direct printing or writing of a metallic material involves depositing, with a printing device or writing device, an ink comprising of at least undercooled liquid metallic particles dispersed in a carrier fluid. The ink is deposited on any substrate surface to deposit the undercooled liquid metal particles thereon as one or more layers that can form a desired pattern or layered structure.

Abstract: A method and/or system for coating a substrate with a coating material. The coating material may be a polymer such as a photoresist. The method involves dispensing a coating material onto a substrate during which a temperature differential between the coating material and the substrate is at least 5° C. This temperature differential may be achieved by cooling the substrate and/or heating the coating material prior to dispensing the coating material onto the substrate. Due to the temperature differential, as the coating material contacts the substrate the viscosity of the coating material will increase, assisting the coating material in adhering to the substrate. Then, when the substrate is spun, the coating material with the increased viscosity will remain adhered to the substrate thereby providing a more conformal coating.