Abstract: A method of controlling deposition of material from at least one plasma transferred wire arc (PTWA) torch within at least one bore includes: directing a fluid through a duct; and directing the fluid through a number of cannons N disposed adjacent and downstream from the duct. The fluid is directed through the duct and N cannons and past the PTWA torch while the PTWA torch is spraying downstream from N?1 cannons.

Abstract: Provided is a spray coating that is disposed on an inner peripheral surface of a cylinder bore of a cylinder block made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The spray coating contains 0.005% to 0.14% by mass of carbon, 0.01% to 3.0% by mass of nickel 10% to 20.5% by mass of chromium, 0.05% to 1.5% by mass of silicon, and a balance containing iron and inevitable impurities. The spray coating has a composition that forms a martensite+ferrite (M+F) region in the Schaeffler diagram, and a composition in which a nickel equivalent (NiE) and a chromium equivalent (CrE) satisfy a relationship expressed by the following Formulae (1): NiE?0.95 CrE?8.59, (2): NiE?4.1, and (3): CrE?10. The spray coating has a two-phase structure formed of a martensite phase and a ferrite phase.

Abstract: A method for forming an iron sprayed coating on a substrate with droplets of a wire molten by an electric arc includes: a step of forming a first iron sprayed coating on the substrate, the wire for arc spraying being a first wire containing iron and 0.03 to 0.10% by mass of carbon and the compressed gas being inert gas; and a step of forming a second iron sprayed coating on the first iron sprayed coating, the wire for arc spraying being a second wire containing iron and 0.03 to 0.10% by mass of carbon and the compressed gas containing 10 to 21% by volume of oxygen gas.

Abstract: A composite includes a porous matrix that includes a molybdenum-silicon-boron (Mo—Si—B) alloy that has a plurality of pores with a lubricant in contact with the Mo—Si—B alloy, a hydrophobic compound in contact with the Mo—Si—B alloy, or a combination thereof. A method for preparing a porous composite includes disposing a porous matrix comprising a Mo—Si—B alloy on a substrate, the Mo—Si—B alloy comprising a plurality of pores; disposing a lubricant on a surface of the porous matrix; and disposing a hydrophobic compound on a surface of the porous matrix to form the porous composite.

Abstract: A cylindrical internal surface processing method comprises forming a cylinder bore, roughening an upper section of the bore, depositing coating onto the bore, and machining a lower section of the bore and the coating. The forming of the cylinder bore includes forming the upper and lower sections with the lower section being axially spaced from the upper section and having an axial length greater than zero. The roughening creates a roughened surface such that a radially innermost edge of the roughened surface has an internal diameter smaller than an internal diameter of the lower section. The coating is deposited to cover the upper section and at least a portion of the lower section. The machining forms a tapered portion and a cylindrical portion, a radially outermost edge of the cylindrical portion having an internal diameter larger than that of a radially outermost edge of the roughened surface.

Abstract: A method for producing a plug for use in a piercing rolling mill for producing a seamless steel tube/pipe includes an arc-spraying step of melting iron wires, and spraying molten material thereof onto a surface of a base metal of a plug by use of an arc-spray gun, so as to form a film containing oxide and Fe on the surface of the base metal of the plug. In the arc-spraying step, the surface of the base metal of the plug is divided into plural sections along an axial direction of the plug, and in turn, the arc-spraying is separately carried out in each of the plural sections while an intersection angle between the center line of a spraying stream from the arc-spray gun and the surface of the plug base metal is maintained within a range of 35 degrees to 90 degrees.

Abstract: Refractory metal powders are dehydrided in a device which includes a preheat chamber for retaining the metal powder fully heated in a hot zone to allow diffusion of hydrogen out of the powder. The powder is cooled in a cooling chamber for a residence time sufficiently short to prevent re-absorption of the hydrogen by the powder. The powder is consolidated by impact on a substrate at the exit of the cooling chamber to build a deposit in solid dense form on the substrate.

Abstract: A system for purging a plural component coating application system including: a first pressure regulator for receiving an inert gas, providing the gas at a first pressure; a first valve; a first operator connected to the first valve capable of being controlled by a logic controller; a first check valve; a mixing manifold; a second pressure regulator for receiving an inert gas, providing the gas at a second pressure that is less than the first pressure; a second valve; a second operator connected to the second valve capable of being controlled by a logic controller; a second check valve; a static mixer in fluid communication with the mixing manifold; an outlet from the static mixer for receiving a connection to at least two spraying members; and where the second regulator is capable of providing the second pressure at a pressure that is less than one-fifth of the first pressure.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the flowability of a powder. The powder is defined by a plurality of particles having an initial level of inter-particle forces between each particle. The method comprises: treating the powder, wherein the level of inter-particle forces between each particle is substantially decreased from the initial level; fluidizing the treated powder; flowing the treated powder into a plasma arc chamber; the plasma arc chamber generating a plasma arc; and the plasma arc chamber operating on the treated powder using the generated plasma arc. Preferably, the inter-particle forces are decreased by coating the particles with an organic surfactant.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for thermal spraying a metal coating on a substrate is accomplished with a modified pulsejet and optionally an ejector to assist in preventing oxidation. Metal such as Aluminum or Magnesium may be used. A pulsejet is first initiated by applying fuel, air, and a spark. Metal is inserted continuously in a high volume of metal into a combustion chamber of the pulsejet. The combustion is thereafter controlled resonantly at high frequency and the metal is heated to a molten state. The metal is then transported from the combustion chamber into a tailpipe of said pulsejet and is expelled therefrom at high velocity and deposited on a target substrate.

Abstract: The application relates to a process for producing a coating by thermal spraying, in particular by plasma spraying, in which a component, in particular a cylinder liner, is internally coated with an alloy. It is proposed that nitrogen is fed as transporting gas, a spraying additive being a solid alloy wire which is guided into a plasma stream, and coating being performed without additional powder.

Abstract: The application relates to a process for producing a coating by thermal spraying, in particular by plasma spraying, in which a component, in particular a cylinder liner, is internally coated with an alloy, wherein a plasma nozzle, to which a plasma gas and a transporting gas are fed, rotates about a wire and is movable along a longitudinal axis of the bore, such that the bore is coated as seen from the inside all around and in the axial direction of the bore. What is proposed is a variable gas stream or a variable flow rate of the transporting gas and/or of the plasma gas, it being possible for the flow rate to be set over the axial length (x) of the bore to be coated.

Abstract: A process for the thermal deposition coating of a workpiece is provided that comprises the steps of: thermally depositing a coating on a metallic surface of a workpiece from a deposition head wherein at least one condition selected from the group of: coating deposition rate onto said surface, relative motion between the surface and said deposition head, and cryogenic coolant application rate onto said workpiece is controllable; substantially simultaneously measuring temperatures at a plurality of locations over the metallic surface of the workpiece; determining an average temperature of the temperatures measured in step (b); comparing the average temperature to a preselected minimum temperature and a preselected maximum temperature for the workpiece; and adjusting at least one of the controllable conditions if said average temperature is not between the preselected minimum temperature and the preselected maximum temperature for the workpiece.

Abstract: During engine operation, valve retainers and valve springs are constantly rubbing and impacting each other resulting in heat and wear. The purpose of this invention is to provide a surface coating onto the valve retainer to reduce the friction with the valve spring and thus improve durability. Specifically, this invention teaches a method to thermally apply coatings to the surface of the valve retainer. Although typically fabricated from steel, the usage of lighter weight titanium valve retainers is increasing for high performance, or racing engines. The reduced mass allows valves to move more readily and requires less spring pressure to operate, producing more power and a faster revving engine, however titanium is typically not as wear resistant as the steel it replaces. In one embodiment, a porous molybdenum or other oleophilic metal is applied to the surface of the valve retainer. In another embodiment, hard coatings of cermets, carbides, and super alloys are applied as coatings to valve retainers.

Abstract: A device for the thermal coating of a surface, having a wire supply unit for the supply of a wire, wherein the wire acts as a first electrode, a source for plasma gas for generating a plasma gas stream, a nozzle body with a nozzle opening through which the plasma gas stream is conducted as a plasma gas jet to one wire end, and a second electrode which is arranged in the plasma gas stream before the latter enters into the nozzle opening The device is characterized in that the wire supply unit is adjustable, whereby the wire end situated in front of the nozzle opening can be moved by a certain adjustment travel. In this way, it is possible for installation tolerances in the device to be easily compensated, and high and consistent quality of the coating is attained.

Abstract: The erosion-prone sections of the tubes in a circulating fluidized bed boiler are provided with a locally thickened sidewall without forming discontinuities on the outer surface of the tubes. This can be accomplished, for example, by replacing the erosion prone portion of the tube with a section having a smaller inside diameter, but the same outside diameter, or by replacing the erosion prone portion of the tube with a section having a thicker sidewall, but the same inside diameter, and smoothing over the outside discontinuity with an alloy coating. A useful alloy coating is also disclosed which can be used for this and other applications.

Abstract: Equipment (work piece) for use in corrosive resistant coating on equipment is disclosed. The equipment has at least a portion of its surface coated with a layer formed from a NiCrMo alloy composition containing at least two gettering components selected from Al, Si, and Ti in an amount of up to 25 wt. %. The coating in one embodiment is applied on the equipment using a thermal spray technique, e.g., twin wire arc spray, forming coatings of 5-50 mils thickness having a fine-scale micro-pore structure. The coating layer is characterized as having excellent adhesion strength and corrosion resistant properties, even when applied with varying parameters as in manual on-site coating applications. In one embodiment, the coating layer has an impurity content of less than 15%.

Abstract: A process for producing a beam element of a co-ordinate measuring machine, comprising the steps of applying a machinable metal coating by spraying on a structural substrate made of ceramic material, impregnating the coating with a resin, and executing on the coating a surface-finishing machining operation and a treatment of surface hardening.

Abstract: A torch introduces oxidizer into a passage so as to swirl the oxidizer about a central axis, while fuel is introduced at a location spaced apart from the central axis, where the swirling action of the oxidizer is strong, resulting in rapid mixing of the fuel and oxidizer. In practicing the method, the length of a bore through which the fuel and oxidizer pass is maintained short enough that a sheath of unmixed oxidizer surrounds the combusting mixed fuel and oxidizer, eliminating any need for water cooling. The lengths of torches of the present invention can be significantly shorter than those of the prior art, making the torches well suited for use in confined spaces, and the torches have been found to allow spraying materials at a greater rate than torches of the prior art. The reduced length also facilitates introducing into the passage material to be spray-coated.

Abstract: An arc spray method is proposed for manufacturing a dense layer on a substrate in which an electric voltage is applied to two electrically conductive spray wires and with which an arc is ignited between the spray wires, wherein a melt is generated from the spray wires in a melting region, with the melt being acted on by a fluid which transports the melt to the substrate where the melt is deposited for generating the layer. Oxidizable particles are supplied to the melt and are deposited on the substrate together with the melt; and after the end of the spraying, the oxidizable particles are at least partly oxidized to densify the layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a thermal spray method of forming a protective and porous coating over desired surfaces. Further, embodiments provide a thermal arc spray method, such as twin wire arc spray, to coat the surfaces. The invention may refer to using Aluminium and Silicon alloy in a twin wire arc spray method, to create sacrificial and protective coatings on the surfaces, such as substrates and machine parts. Machine parts may be, for example, of sputtering system. The method may utilize a predefined range of Silicon to be alloyed with Aluminium to improve the physical properties of the Aluminium, and further avoid damages to the coated surface, such as de-lamination and flaking of the coatings and coated surfaces. Additionally, generation of defects during a sputtering process may be efficiently reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for applying plasma-resistant coatings for use in semiconductor processing apparatus. The coatings are applied over a substrate which typically comprises an aluminum alloy of the 2000 series or the 5000 through 7000 series. The coating typically comprises an oxide or a fluoride of Y, Sc, La, Ce, Eu, Dy, or the like, or yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG). The coating may further comprise about 20 volume % or less of Al2O3. The coatings are typically applied to a surface of an aluminum alloy substrate or an anodized aluminum alloy substrate using a technique selected from the group consisting of thermal/flame spraying, plasma spraying, sputtering, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). To provide the desired corrosion resistance, it is necessary to place the coating in compression. This is accomplished by controlling deposition conditions during application of the coating.

Abstract: A wire arc spray system use at least one first wire and second wire that include a composite wire including a first material at a core region thereof and a cladding including a second material surrounding the core region. A controller controls operation to propel heated material created by the arcing of the first wire and the second wire at the arc point to a surface to be coated. A wire arc spray methodology for creating a porous metal coating with all-metal wires is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermal spraying apparatus (1) for coating a surface (2) of a substrate (3) by means of a coating material (4). The thermal spraying apparatus (1) includes a spray pistol (5) with a heating device for heating the coating material (4) in a heating zone (6) and also a charging apparatus (7) with a feed (8) through which the coating material (4) can be introduced into the heating zone (6). In this arrangement the thermal spraying apparatus is so designed that a relative position (9) between the feed (8) and the heating zone (6) can be changed in the operating state.

Abstract: Coatings on a substrate and application methods result in coatings that can withstand different types or groups of bulk cargo and operations. This novel approach includes use of a combination of layers of coating materials at certain thicknesses and applied with certain techniques. In certain embodiments, the coating system includes coatings applied to a pretreated substrate, e.g., blasted steel cargo hold plates of an oceangoing vessel. The coatings include a bond layer and a resistance layer, e.g., an anti-corrosive layer tailored to resist at least one of corrosion, erosion, impact and wear of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of producing a hard metallic material by forming a mixture containing at least 55% iron and at least one of B, C, Si and P. The mixture is formed into an alloy and cooled to form a metallic material having a hardness of greater than about 9.2 GPa. The invention includes a method of forming a wire by combining a metal strip and a powder. The metal strip and the powder are rolled to form a wire containing at least 55% iron and from two to seven additional elements including at least one of C, Si and B. The invention also includes a method of forming a hardened surface on a substrate by processing a solid mass to form a powder, applying the powder to a surface to form a layer containing metallic glass, and converting the glass to a crystalline material having a nanocrystalline grain size.

Abstract: During engine operation, valve retainers and valve springs are constantly rubbing and impacting each other resulting in heat and wear. The purpose of this invention is to provide a surface coating onto the valve retainer to reduce the friction with the valve spring and thus improve durability. Specifically, this invention teaches a method to thermally apply coatings to the surface of the valve retainer. Although typically fabricated from steel, the usage of lighter weight titanium valve retainers is increasing for high performance, or racing engines. The reduced mass allows valves to move more readily and requires less spring pressure to operate, producing more power and a faster revving engine, however titanium is typically not as wear resistant as the steel it replaces. In one embodiment, a porous molybdenum or other oleophilic metal is applied to the surface of the valve retainer. In another embodiment, hard coatings of cermets, carbides, and super alloys are applied as coatings to valve retainers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for thermal spraying a metal coating on a substrate is accomplished with a modified pulsejet and optionally an ejector to assist in preventing oxidation. Metal such as Aluminum or Magnesium may be used. A pulsejet is first initiated by applying fuel, air, and a spark. Metal is inserted continuously in a high volume of metal into a combustion chamber of the pulsejet. The combustion is thereafter controlled resonantly at high frequency and the metal is heated to a molten state. The metal is then transported from the combustion chamber into a tail pipe of said pulsejet and is expelled therefrom at high velocity and deposited on a target substrate.

Abstract: A system for fabricating a free form structure of a composite material including carbon nanotubes. The system includes a discharge assembly and a composite formation device operatively linked with the discharge assembly. The discharge assembly dispenses a fusing agent such as for example a high energy density emission, a laser emission or a particle beam emission. The composite formation device includes a composite generator and an arranger in operative engagement with a composite generator. The composite generator engages with the fusing agent so as to create a composite nodal element. The composite nodal element includes a matrix and a multiplicity of fibers formed of carbon nanotubes dispersed throughout the matrix. The arranger positions one node relative to another to define the free form structure.

Abstract: A turbine component having a protective bilayer coating thereon comprising: a superalloy substrate; and a bilayer protective coating applied to the substrate wherein the bilayer protective coating comprises a first inner layer of platinum and aluminum; and a second outer oxidation-resistant layer applied over the first inner layer, the second outer layer comprising an MCrAlX alloy where M is selected from Fe, Ni and Co, and where X is yttrium or another rare earth element. A method of improving oxidation resistance of a Ni or Co-based superalloy turbine component comprising: depositing a bilayer protective coating on a turbine component by depositing a first inner platinum-aluminum layer on a surface of the turbine Component; and depositing a second outer layer comprising an MCrAlX alloy over the first inner layer, wherein M is a metal selected from Fe, Ni and Co, and X is yttrium or another rare earth element.

Abstract: A wet cylinder liner, which exhibits a cast basic body comprised of a cast iron alloy, has at least one outer surface area of which exhibits a thermal injection layer consisting of a basic iron alloy as a coating, with a layer thickness of 1 ?m to 1000 ?m.

Abstract: An arc spray coating that is superior in both wear resistance and machinability, method of forming same, an arc spray wire used to form such a coating, and a cylinder block on whose bore inner surface is formed such an arc spray coating are provided. To this end, the arc spray coating contains Fe as a main component, 0.01% to 0.15% by weight of C, and at least 0.12% by weight of N, and the arc spray wire (wire) contains Fe as a main component, 0.01% to 0.2% by weight of C, and 0.25% to 1.7% by weight of Si, and may further contain at least 11% by weight of Cr as another embodiment.

Abstract: An adhesion strength of spray coating comparable to that obtained in a conventional combination of blast treatment and gas flame spraying can be realized even if roughening is conducted with the use of simple tools by performing in advance such a roughening treatment that the average roughness (Ra) of the surface of the thermal spray subject falls within the range of 2 to 10 ?m with the use of a grinding tool, and thereafter carrying out thermal spraying under such conditions that the average area of each of molten particles when molten particles of a thermal spray material have stuck to the surface of thermal spray subject falls within the range of 10000 to 100000 ?m2. In the roughening by grinding tools, a large-scale apparatus is not needed as different from the blast treatment, and portable small tools can be used in overhead location work at field repair. The scattering of powder resulting from grinding is slight so that the danger of environmental pollution is low.

Abstract: A composite wire for producing a wear resistant and corrosion resistant coating on a substrate by thermal spraying, spray and fuse, or welding techniques are disclosed. The physical properties of the coating are particularly suited for high-temperature erosion-corrosion environments. The resultant coating exhibits good hardness, toughness, and bonding characteristics. The composite wire comprises a metallic outer sheath and an inner core containing boron carbide and chrome carbide.

Abstract: A zinc-nickel substrate is applied to a component by using a zinc-nickel wire formed with between about 8 to 20 percent nickel and between about 80 to 90 percent zinc. This formed zinc-nickel wire is held in a two wire electric arc spray system to spray the zinc-nickel substrate on the component, such as an aircraft part, while operating the two wire electric arc spray system within a specific range of operating parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing a sputter target. The process comprises the steps of—providing a target holder (12); —applying an intermediate layer (14) on said target holder; —applying a top layer (16) on top of said intermediate layer; said top layer comprising a material having a melting point which is substantially higher than the melting point of said target material; —heating the target holder coated with said intermediate layer and said top layer.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composite material consisting of intermetallic phases and ceramic, in particular in the form of a coating on metallic substrates, as well as an arc wire spraying process for production of the composite material in which the intermetallic phases and the ceramics to be deposited are newly formed during the deposit process from the components of the supplied wires by chemical reaction. The invention further concerns wear resistant layers formed by the composites, tribologic layers and plating or hard-facing materials.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a cathode filament of an X-ray tube and an X-ray tube formed by the method wherein the filament has at least two legs and one body, the filament being a single-piece filament. Spraying at least one material on a support by plasma spraying or by another deposition technique to obtain the filament molded on the support and separating the filament obtained from the support. The filament obtained has a variable thickness and a variable composition. The thicknesses of the legs and of the body as well as the composition of the filament can be modified according to the user's needs.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a metallic layer on a non-metallic surface is disclosed. The method of manufacturing a metallic layer on a non-metallic surface includes the steps of: roughening the non-metallic surface; continuously feeding a first metallic wire and a second metallic wire above the non-metallic surface; positioning the first metallic wire and the second metallic wire so that the first metallic wire and the second metallic wire are in contact with each other at one end; applying a first voltage to the first metallic wire and applying a second voltage to the second metallic wire, wherein a voltage difference between the first voltage and the second voltage is large enough to produce an electric arc; melting the first and second metallic wire with the electric arc so as to form the metallic layer on the non-metallic surface; and forming a protection layer on the metallic layer to avoid the metallic layer from peeling off the non-metallic surface.

Abstract: A thermal spraying device with a first blowing mechanism for lengthening a droplet formed near the tips of thermal spraying materials by arc, and a second blowing mechanism for a blowing a tip portion of the lengthened droplet to atomize it into droplets and to scatter atomized droplets towards a face to be thermally sprayed. The first blowing mechanism lengthens the droplet so that the second blowing mechanism propels air to the tip portion of the lengthened droplet that is separated from a location where the tips of thermal spraying materials are adjacent and the arc is generated. Arcing between the tips of the thermal spraying materials continues stably, and satisfactory thermal spraying is possible.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission (CVT) includes an aluminum housing member having a bore formed therein. A rotatable pulley member is supported on a bearing within the bore. The bore includes a layer of thermal spray coating for improved wear resistance so that the bore supports the bearing without a steel sleeve therebetween.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston ring coated with a coating material by a thermal spray process, exposed to heat treatment of the coating material at an elevated temperature and for a time effective to at least partially diffuse the coating material into the piston ring surface or underlying layer of coating material, and an additionally applied coating material layer subject to successive heat treatments of each coating material layer in order to lay down on the piston ring surface a plurality of layers of the same coating material.

Abstract: A thermal spray coating process for depositing finely divided metallic or nonmetallic materials in a molten or semi-molten condition to form a coating on a substrate wherein the coating material may be powder, ceramic-rod, wire or molten materials. The process involves the use of a gas made from water in an electrolyzer, which includes two principal electrodes and a plurality of supplemental electrodes. The supplemental electrodes are not connected electrically to a power source. The electrolyzer is adapted to separate the water such that its constituents of H and O are not recombined and instead produced jointly to make the single combustible gas composed of combinations of clusters of hydrogen and oxygen atoms structured according to a general formula HmOn wherein m and n have null or positive integer values with the exception that m and n can not be 0 at the same time.

Abstract: A thermal spray composition and method of deposition for abradable seals for use in gas turbine engines, turbochargers and steam turbines. The thermal spray composition includes a solid lubricant and a ceramic preferably comprising 5 to 60 wt % total of the composition in a ratio of 1:7 to 20:1 of solid lubricant to ceramic, the balance a matrix-forming metal alloy selected from Ni, Co, Cu, Fe and Al and combinations and alloys thereof. The solid lubricant is at least one of hexagonal boron nitride, graphite, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, barium fluoride, tungsten disulfide and molybdenum disulfide particles. The ceramic includes at least one of albite, illite, quartz and alumina-silica.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric arc wire burner for spraying an electric arc, comprising at least two burner tubes (3) for feeding electrodes which are embodied in the form of wire (5). Said electrodes are guided through the burner tube (3) in the direction of the surface of the object which is to be coated. The wire (5) is guided by a deflection device (7) comprising a number of rotationally mounted guiding elements and/or sliding elements (8) and the wire (5) is deformed in an elastic area.

Abstract: A thermal spray mixed with a substrate using a non-consumable cylindrical rotating tool. The process may be repeated to create a composite-like coating or material. The coating or material may be machine to improve surface quality.

Abstract: The method of fabricating free standing objects using thermal spraying, preferably of a metal, in the following process. A wire mesh is formed into a three dimensional shape of the desired finished product and the shaped mesh is then thermally sprayed with a coating material to substantially cover the visible portions of the mesh. The preferred coating material is metal.

Abstract: A method is proposed for arc spraying by means of a spray gun (1). The spray gun includes two electrically conductive spray wires (2) and at least one first supply device (3) for supplying a fluid (4), with an electrical voltage being applied to the spray wires (2), the spray wires (2) being fed by means of a wire guide (5), an arc (6) being ignited by the electrical voltage, the spray wires (2) being converted into a melt (8) in a melting region (7) and the melt (8) being applied by the fluid (4) to the surface (9) of a body (10). In this connection, particles (11) from a storage container (12) are supplied to the melt (8) by the fluid (4).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for direct application of a catalyst to a substrate for treatment of atmospheric pollution including ozone. The method includes applying a catalytic metal to a substrate utilizing a thermal spray process. The process can be utilized to apply a base metal such as copper to a substrate and the base metal becomes the catalytically active oxide during and following application to the substrate. This system replaces a multi-step process within a single step process to provide a catalytically active surface that can be utilized to reduce ground level ozone and other atmospheric pollutants.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a cathode filament of an X-ray tube and an X-ray tube formed by the method wherein the filament has at least two legs and one body, the filament being a single-piece filament. Spraying at least one material on a support by plasma spraying or by another deposition technique to obtain the filament molded on the support and separating the filament obtained from the support. The filament obtained has a variable thickness and a variable composition. The thicknesses of the legs and of the body as well as the composition of the filament can be modified according to the user's needs.