Abstract: A composite structure and related fabrication method is provided which has a plurality of composite material layers and at least one embedded shape memory alloy component for providing controlled structural deformation. The shape memory alloy component includes a shape memory alloy tendon having a relaxed shape at temperatures below a predetermined transition temperature and a contracted shape at temperatures above the predetermined transition temperature. The shape memory alloy component also comprises a pair of electrically insulating opposing face sheets adhered to opposite sides of the shape memory alloy tendon to electrically isolate the shape memory alloy tendon from the surrounding composite material layers.

Abstract: A flexible, multi-layer filter for separating solid and liquid wastes. In a preferred embodiment, the filter includes first, second, third, and fourth layers, interconnected by appropriately spaced connectors. The first layer comprises sub-layers of parallel strands, wherein the strands in one sub-layer cross and overlap the strands in the other sub-layer to form a netting. The second layer comprises a fibrous mat, and the third layer comprises a netting like that of the first layer. The fourth layer includes a porous filter cloth. The third layer may be cut to form end and side tabs for retaining the filter inside a conventional waste container. After a semi-solid mixture of waste is poured, dumped, or otherwise placed into the waste container, liquid waste passes through the filter layers under the force of gravity. The liquid waste is channelled through the first layer along the bottom of the waste container.

Abstract: Thermoplastic, thermoshapable composite laminate bars, an orthopedic brace using the shaped composite bars as integral components, and a method of thermoshaping the composite bars for use as fitted components in the orthopedic brace are provided. The composite bars contain multiple fiber layers oriented in at least two directions with respect to the bar length to provide high flexural and torsional strength. The novel method of thermoshaping yields improved results over prior thermoshaping methods by providing an uncomplicated shaping capability while maintaining the structural and mechanical properties of the composite bar.

Abstract: A fiber-cement trim board is formed by a fiber-cement core layer faced with a pair of fiber-cement surface layers of substantially equal thickness in the core layer and have a cement-to-wood ratio by weight of between 2 and 3.5 and at least 70% of the wood strands have a length longer than 10 min. Each of the surface layers is formed of a fiber-cement mixture containing wood strands, at least 80% of which have a length of less than 4 mm and a cement-to-wood ratio by weight of between 2 and 3.5. The board is covered at least on the two main faces by a water barrier coating.

Abstract: To assist in rapid taping of seams between adjacent drywall units, a tape is provided in rolls. The tape has a first layer of flexible paper material with an inwardly facing pressure-sensitive adhesive coating thereon. A second layer of reinforcing woven fiber material overlies the first layer. A third layer of flexible material overlies the woven fiber material to encapsulate the fiber material between the first layer and the second layer. The third layer has an outwardly facing release coating such that the first layer adhesive will releasably engage the third layer for manual separation of the tape when rolled upon itself. The adhesive is formulated to maintain adhesion even when wetted by an overlying layer of drywall mud. Furthermore, the release coating on the third layer accepts and allows the adherence of drywall mud. The tape may be used in fire wall applications. Perforations may be provided in the tape to facilitate adhesion.

Abstract: A clothing material comprises a first fabric layer connected to a tear-resistant second layer. The second layer includes a plurality of first threads extending generally parallel to one another in a first direction and a plurality of second threads extending generally parallel to one another in a second direction different from the first direction. The threads all extend substantially in a common plane. The first threads are all connected to each of the second threads at cross-over points between the first threads and the second threads. A third layer of fabric is attached to the second layer of the material on a side thereof opposite the first layer. The threads of the intermediate, tear-resistant layer may be interconnected by a plurality of connecting thread segments tied in knots about the cross-over points.

Abstract: An anti-dust gel sheet characterized in being formed from layers of a silicone gel, having a penetration of 20-130 after curing, coated on both sides of a sheet like reinforcing material is disclosed. Since the sheet has a suitable penetration, damage of the sheet does not easily occur and it can therefore be used repeatedly.

Abstract: A composite resinold/graphite/diamond blade is described having enhanced precision cutting properties. The blade is made by assembling several layers, each layer comprising a veil of non-woven graphite fabric impregnated with a mixture of diamond particles blended into a phenolic resin. Layers are built up in sandwich fashion. In one embodiment described, four layers are formed and, in a heating compression molding operation, the sandwich is compressed into a composite blade having a diameter of 4.7 inches with a thickness of 0.011 inch. The final blade is formed by a die cut and lapping process. The layered construction yields a blade with more consistent cross-section and improves blade wear symmetry. In another embodiment, the layers are tailored to have a grit concentration of the diamond/resin mixture at the periphery or cutting edge.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a resorcinol-glutaraldehyde reaction product as an accelerator for thermosetting phenolic resin and to a method of making the accelerator. Further, the invention relates to a resin blend comprising phenol-formaldehyde and the accelerator and a process for making cellulosic board, oriented strandboard and plywood wherein the binder for the cellulosic board, oriented strandboard and plywood in its uncured form comprises the resin blend of the invention. In another embodiment the accelerator for thermosetting resin comprises resorcinol and glutaraldehyde.

Abstract: Thermoplastic, thermoshapable composite laminate bars, an orthopedic brace using the shaped composite bars as integral components, and a method of thermoshaping the composite bars for use as fitted components in the orthopedic brace are provided. The composite bars contain multiple fiber layers oriented in at least two directions with respect to the bar length to provide high flexural and torsional strength. The novel method of thermoshaping yields improved results over prior thermoshaping methods by providing an uncomplicated shaping capability while maintaining the structural and mechanical properties of the composite bar.

Abstract: Compound threads (1) and the fabrics obtained therefrom are very inexpensive, of acceptable quality and preferably useable to make recyclable disposable garments. Said threads (1) include a thin carrier thread (2) to which a web mass (3) coming from the carding of the fiber used, is adhered preferably by means of use of a water-soluble glue or electrostatic means.The compound thread (1) has the possibility of making use, upon making the web (3), of the shortest fibrils that are usually disposed of.One of the fabrics obtained consists of a band or strip of web (3) that includes several carrier threads (2) placed parallel to each other and that can be cut to obtain compound threads (1.)Another fabric consists of weft thread and crossed warp thread of which all or some, depending on the different combinations, are compound threads (1.

Abstract: A process for the production of a two-layer textile reinforcement for the production of bituminous sealing sheets for roofing consists first, from a first layer based on nonwoven cloth, in consolidating this nonwoven cloth by mechanical or hydraulic bonding and in thermostabilizing it. This first consolidated and thermostabilized layer is then assembled with a second mineral fiber layer, either by counter-gluing, or by needling, or by seam knitting. These two latter assembly methods are used only when the second mineral fiber layer is in the form of a grid or cloth of continuous or discontinuous mineral filaments. The first assembly method by counter-gluing is itself used no matter what the structure of the second mineral filament layer, whether it be in the form of a grid or a cloth of continuous or discontinuous mineral fibers or in the form of a scrim of mineral fibers.

Abstract: A drying screen for paper making machines is described which comprises at least one layer of a thread composite and a thin glued-on, perforated or slit sheet i.e., with thermoplastic material-comprising filaments. The individual layers are preferably connected to one another in three layers and arranged one above the other, with the layer facing the paper web always being oriented in the direction of paper travel.

Abstract: A splice means having a support means comprising a polymeric film having a major surface; and (b) a fiber reinforcement means comprising a plurality of monofilaments where the monofilaments have longitudinal axes extending in a parallel direction, one to another, across the major surface, and the monofilaments are bonded to the major surface of the support means by a fiber adhesive, where the fiber adhesive is a moisture-cured polyurethane adhesive. The invention also relates to methods and products thereof for using the splice means to form spliced flexible abrasive articles, including endless belt forms.

Abstract: The present invention is a highly predictable composite usable to fabricate such structural articles as complex-shaped automotive body parts and building panels. Included in this composite is at least one netlike preform having a plurality of inter-crossed roving bound to each other at thermoset junction points. This preform is compressed into a mold, and at least one layer of polymer paste is added thereto. The preform layers and the polymer paste layers are compressed to the shape of the mold, and then they are heat and flame treated to complete the curing of the thermoset resin and to produce a desired surface finish.

Abstract: A puncture resisting and processability improving composite for reinforcing bituminous roofing membranes that are free of organic mats. The composite includes a lightweight open grid of over-under construction, the grid having polyester yarns of about 30 to about 300 denier in the machine direction and about 30 to about 300 denier in the cross-machine direction, a yarns per inch count of about 3.times.3 to about 10.times.10 in each of the machine and cross-machine directions, and a dry weight pick-up of about 60 to about 250 parts of binder to 100 parts by weight of polyester in the grid, in which an adhesive that is one of dissolved and dispersed in a liquid is applied to the composite so that the open grid is held together by the adhesive alone.

Abstract: A metal-polymer laminate has a bidirectional reinforcing layer containing about 45-70 vol. % high strength glass fibers. The bidirectional reinforcing layer includes a center layer containing glass fibers oriented generally parallel to a first direction; and first and second outer layers each reinforced with glass fibers oriented in a second direction extending generally transverse to the first direction. The bidirectional laminate is suitable for use in aircraft flooring and other applications requiring improved impact strength.

Abstract: Polymer matrix composite materials containing a thermoplastic composite core bonded integrally with a fabric layer are provided. The fabric layer has a greater elasticity than the core, so that the fabric layer can conform smoothly to the core during thermoforming. This improvement has been demonstrated to improve aesthetic appearance and nearly eliminate wrinkling and distortion of the fabric layer when compared to conventional composite materials.

Abstract: An oriented strand board product is provided. The board is comprised of a baseboard having three wood strand layers, the wood strands being oriented in space with respect to a board-forming machine such that a core layer is comprised of wood strands oriented generally in a random or cross-machine direction and each adjacent layer is comprised of coarse and fine wood strands oriented generally in the machine direction and wherein the wood strands comprising each adjacent layer are formed with the coarsest strands located nearest the core layer and the finest strands are located nearest the outer surfaces of each outer board layer. The OSB board product is clad with a dry felted wood fiber overlay on one planar surface of the baseboard.

Abstract: A flexible laminated surface material has an outer material and a laminate wadding composed of a fibrous web and a nonwoven fabric sheet that are together needle punched. Parts of filaments of the web penetrate through the nonwoven fabric sheet, thus forming many small protrusions on the nonwoven fabric sheet. The outer material is adhered, using entire area or spot adhesion techniques, to the nonwoven fabric sheet side of the wadding with a substantial adhesion strength. By varying the amount of the adhesion applied, different types of adhesion can be achieved.

Abstract: Method of fabricating a multi-ply carbon fibre fabric, preform or composite material from a layer of unidirectionally aligned carbon fibres of ultra-high modulus and a layer of low modulus carbon fibre comprising the steps of: arranging in superimposed relationship the layer of unidirectionally aligned carbon fibres of ultra-high modulus and the layer of low modulus carbon fibres so that at least a substantial number of the fibres of low modulus are disposed transversely of the fibres of the ultra-high modulus fibre layer, and connecting the two layers by interlacing fibres of the layer of low modulus fibres with those of the layer of ultra-high modulus fibres by needle-punching using felting needles orientated and configured so that their barbs snag only the low modulus fibres during passage through the layers.

Abstract: An improved method of forming a laminated, fire resistant flexible sheet material, and the resulting laminate product are disclosed. The method comprises directing a second web of flexible material to overlie a first web of a flexible material in which the face of the first web is coated with an admixture of a substantially solvent-free adhesive and a fire retardant composition so that the adhesive in the admixture joins the webs together to form a fire retardant flexible laminate construction.

Abstract: To assist in rapid taping of seams between adjacent drywall units, a tape is provided in rolls. The tape has a first layer of flexible paper material with an inwardly facing pressure-sensitive adhesive coating thereon. A second layer of reinforcing woven fiber material overlies the first layer. A third layer of flexible material overlies the woven fiber material to encapsulate the fiber material between the first layer and the second layer. The third layer has an outwardly facing release coating such that the first layer adhesive will releasably engage the third layer for manual separation of the tape when rolled upon itself. A crease is formed along the center of the tape to facilitate positioning of the tape in a wall corner. The self release properties of the tape allow it to be easily dispensed and applied without the need to remove a backing. The adhesive is formulated to maintain adhesion even when wetted by an overlying layer of drywall mud.

Abstract: An improved reinforced laminate for use in sails or other flexible sheet or membrane applications utilizes a pull-truded thin lightweight reinforcing sheet of unidirectional extruded monofilaments in which the reinforcing sheet or sheets form one or more uni-tapes laminated to a polymer film such as Mylar, or other extended sheet of material. The monofilaments are uniformly embedded in the uni-tape via an elastomeric polymer matrix, with the reinforcing sheet, when incorporated into sails via lamination resulting in sails with reinforcing monofilaments having diameters 5 times less than conventional strands or threads. The use of small diameter monofilaments greatly increases the monofilament-over-monofilament crossover density, resulting in a dramatic increase in shear strength, and Youngs' Modulus, with an accompanying dramatic decrease in weight. In one embodiment the improvement in specific modulus over conventional sail laminates is about six-fold.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a resilient, flexible surface covering that has a wear surface that meets the highest standards of stain, mar, scuff, and soil resistance and a method of making the same. The improved resilient surface covering comprises (a) a resilient support surface; and (b) a resilient wear surface adhered to the resilient support surface, the resilient wear surface comprising an underlying wear layer base coat and an overlying wear layer top coat adhered to the wear layer base coat, the wear layer base coat comprising a flexible, thermoset, polymeric composition having a flexibility such that the wear layer base coat passes a 1 inch mandrel diameter face out mandrel bend test when applied at a nominal dry film thickness of 1.0 mil over a flexible 80 mil underlying substrate, the wear layer top coat comprising, a hard, thermoset, UV-curable blend of acrylic or acrylate monomers, the wear layer top coat having a glass transition temperature of greater than 50.degree. C.

Abstract: A laminated material comprises a plurality of straight portions of vegetable stalks, each having an epidermis mainly of lignocellulose and a porous core. These vegetable stalks straight portions are impregnated with a thermal hardener solution of high-molecularizable liquid compound, resinified liquid, or mixtures thereof, arranged in parallel to form a layer of a sheet-like material, piling these sheet-like materials and pressing them to make these layers come to contact closely in flat condition. It is possible to make the directions of vegetable stalks in the sheet-like material different from the neighboring layers in order to strengthen a bending strength and other physical strength of the piled multi-layer laminated material, such as a pillar-like laminated material. Such pillar-like material is made by using a pair of pressing female mold and male mold, vegetable stalks being placed in the female mold and hot-pressed.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of providing a formable composite material comprising providing a reinforcing material (9) having a plurality of superimposed layers (1-6), each layer consisting of a plurality of unidirectional non-woven yarns or threads (10) laid side-by-side, the yarns or threads in at least some of the different layers extending in different directions, said layers being stitched (12) together, and before said stitching incorporating in or with the reinforcing material (9) a matrix material (7, 8).

Abstract: A multilayer nonwoven thermal insulating batt is provided. The batt comprises a blend of bonding staple fibers and staple fill fibers, the fibers being formed into a multilayer batt. The bonding fibers are subsequently bonded sparingly to staple fill fibers at the points of contact to enhance the structural stability of the multilayer batt but allow delamination of the individual web layers under mechanical action.

Abstract: Disclosed is a net (10), especially a spacing net, surface protection net or the like, in which the strands (14, 15, 16) are arranged in three planes (11, 12, 13), and in which the strands (15, 16) of two planes (11, 13) are oriented equidirectionally. As a result, a sufficient thickness of the net (10) can be ensured with a small cross section of the individual strands (14, 15, 16), which keeps the expenditure of material down to a minimum. Because the parallel strands (outer strands 15, 16) of the different outer planes (11, 13) are offset to one another in the direction of the inner strands (14), the intermediate strands (inner strands 14) can be deformed elastically, which results in very good padding properties and thickness variation properties of the net (10).

Abstract: The invention provides elastic fabrics which are substantially non-extensible in the machine direction and have substantial elastic properties in the cross-machine direction. The process stable fabrics of the invention include a net and a fibrous layer which are secured together. The net is composed of a plurality of continuous machine direction strands and a plurality of cross-direction strands. The machine direction strands are substantially non-extensible and the cross-direction strands are substantially elastic. The fabrics of the invention can be manufactured and processed more readily than fabrics which are elastic in both the machine direction and the cross-machine direction.

Abstract: Belts used in agricultural applications and particularly in round, hay balers have inherent problems created by their usual process of manufacture. This process involves cutting a large processed sheet of elastomeric into relatively narrow strips which form the core of the belts. The belt disclosed herein utilizes a wrap of fabric affixed around each longitudinal edge of the belt core. This wrapped belt core is then further processed to create belts with improved longevity and performance characteristics.

Abstract: A geocomposite liner having a first fibrous layer, a second fibrous layer, and a non-fibrous layer secured between the first and second fibrous layers. A plurality of fibers extend from the non-fibrous layer such that the ends of the fibers extend outwardly of an outer surface of the first fibrous layer. The ends are heat fused so as to secure the ends outwardly of the outer surface of the first fibrous layer. The second fibrous layer is needle punched such that the fibers extend from the second fibrous layer through the non-fibrous layer. The ends of the fibers are heat fused such that the ends have a greater diameter exterior of the first fibrous layer than interior of the first fibrous layer. Some of the ends are heat fused together on the outer surface of the first fibrous layer.

Abstract: A thread-reinforced paper sheet comprises upper and lower paper layers and a reinforcing thread interposed therebetween. A thread-reinforced gummed tape comprises a tape base material which consists of upper and lower paper layers and a reinforcing thread interposed between the upper and lower paper layers, and a moisture activated adhesive layer formed on one of surfaces of the tape base material. In each of the thread-reinforced paper sheet and the thread-reinforced gummed tape, a water-soluble or water-dispersible adhesive is used to laminate the upper and lower paper layers, and a water-soluble thread is used as the reinforcing thread. Each of such thread-reinforced paper sheet and such thread-reinforced gummed tape exhibits a strength equivalent to that of the prior art article and moreover, has a complete disintegratability. Thus, a regeneratable thread-reinforced paper sheet as well as a regeneratable thread-reinforced gummed tape is provided.

Abstract: A composite is produced by depositing a slurry of infiltration-promoting material and organic binding material on a layer of boron nitride coated fibrous material forming a tape therewith on drying, firing the tape to burn out organic binding material and infiltrating the resulting porous body with silicon.

Abstract: Transparent plastic panels, particularly those used in noise-reducing barriers, are provided with bird-protecting means comprising plastic threads which are embedded by casting in the panels and are of such high-contrast that they can be seen by birds. The threads also prevent the panel from fracturing. Preferably the plastic threads are of black dyed polyamide and have a thickness of about 2 mm.

Abstract: A flexible article of manufacture especially suitable for use as a ballistic resistant body armor which comprises one or more composite layers, at least one of said composite layers comprising a base layer having a plurality of planar bodies positioned between two sandwiching flexible layers out of contact with each other and a plurality of planar bodies positioned on a surface of said base layer out of contact with each other and in disalignment with the sandwiched planar bodies.

Abstract: The semi-finished product according to the invention consists exclusively of liquid crystal thermoplastic polymers (LCP), whereof at least one first liquid crystal thermoplastic polymer (LCP) is in the form of fibers (18) and has a given melting point, and whereof at least one second liquid crystal thermoplastic polymer (LCP) (16) has a melting point below that of the first LCP. This semi-finished product is in particular a fabric. By simply heating under pressure at a temperature equal to the melting point of the second LCP, followed by cooling, a composite material with improved mechanical and physicochemical performance characteristics are obtained.

Abstract: A multiaxial nonwoven fabric is disclosed which is comprised of a selected warp material and a multiplicity of selected continuous yarns assembled in a specified lay pattern and bonded on to the warp material. Each of the yarns is oriented in a scalene or right-angled triangle shape, and the resulting yarn assembly is built of intersections at least in warp, weft and oblique axes, whereby structural strength and dimensional stability are greatly improved. A method and an apparatus are also disclosed for producing the fabric.

Abstract: A reinforced shrink wrap has been developed for use in all types of environments and products or applications. The shrink wrap is tear resistant and can be prepared to withstand exposure from the sun and corrosive elements. The wrap is multilayered with reinforcing filamentous grids in adhesive layers on either side of a shrink film with outer layers of olefin film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a nonwoven material having improved resistance to penetration by particles.

Abstract: A thermoplastic composite reinforcing sheet material useful for reinforcing orthotic devices and other articles, such as a prosthetic socket or a ski boot. The composite sheet material consists of a plurality of layers. Two layers form outer opposed sides of the sheet and are made from a thermoplastic material. The core of the sheet consists of a plurality of fiber-containing layers. Each layer is impregnated with a thermoplastic resin which will bond with the outer thermoplastic layers when the final shape is vacuum thermoformed. The orientation of the fibers in the core may be varied to change the strength and rigidity of the composite thermoplastic reinforcing sheet. An orthotic device can be built using a thermoplastic host material and the disclosed thermoplastic composite reinforcing sheet material. The host material defines the overall shape of the orthotic device and is any thermoformable thermoplastic. The reinforcing sheet is used to reinforce desired sections of the final orthotic device.

Abstract: An upper plastic film and a lower plastic film sandwiching a formable stiffening layer fused together to form a stiffened conformable wrapping film.

Abstract: The invention relates to honeycomb core components having an undulating configuration reinforced with structural rods or columns which provide nesting sites for indexing with the flutes or nodes of adjacent components when assembled in stacked relation. Methods are also disclosed for producing the core components and assembling them in finished honeycomb core configuration.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid prepreg having reinforcing carbon fibers and foreign fibers. The carbon fibers have a diameter ranging from 5-30 microns and are unidirectionally arranged. The foreign fibers are composed either of single monofilaments having a diameter ranging from between about 50-150 microns or of strands formed by bundling together a plurality of single monofilaments having a diameter ranging from between about 5-50 microns. If strands are employed, they have a conversion diameter (D.sub.0) which is less than about 500 microns. The conversion diameter (D.sub.0) is represented by the following equation: ##EQU1## wherein n is the number of monofilaments used in forming the strand, and wherein d is the diameter of these monofilaments. Examples of foreign fibers which can be used when practicing this invention include boron fibers, metal fibers and organic fibers.

Abstract: A textile laminate consists of a nonwoven padding material of low specific volume and of a filament-reinforced nonwoven, the laminate having a total thickness of more than 2 mm. The nonwoven padding material has a raw density of less than 0.025 g/cm.sup.3 and a thickness of 1.6 to 60 mm. The filament-reinforced nonwoven is composed to 10 to 60 g/m.sup.2 of a fleece with a raw density greater than 0.35 g/cm.sup.3 and of 3 to 10 g/m.sup.2 reinforcing filament and is laminated onto the nonwoven padding material.

Abstract: A low cost, high web integrity fabric that can be economically produced and tailored to provide a variety of different combinations of characteristics and properties for different end uses. It is a fabric wherein the strength in any direction can be predetermined and also wherein the elasticity in any direction can be varied in a predetermined fashion. It is also a fabric that combines continuous filaments, ranging from elastomeric to non-elastic but elongatable to at least a minimum extent, for strength and elasticity with the predetermined indepth intermingling of fibrous melt blown webs for interlocking of the said continuous filaments in the formation of the integrated, fibrous and continuous filament matrix.

Abstract: A flexible article of manufacture especially suitable for use as a ballistic resistant body armor which comprises one or more composite layers, at least one of said composite layers comprising a base layer having a plurality of planar bodies positioned between two sandwiching flexible layers out of contact with each other and a plurality of planar bodies positioned on a surface of said base layer out of contact with each other and in disalignment with the sandwiched planar bodies.

Abstract: A low cost, high web integrity fabric that can be economically produced and tailored to provide a variety of different combinations of characteristics and properties for different end uses. It is a fabric wherein the strength in any direction can be predetermined and also wherein the elasticity in any direction can be varied in a predetermined fashion. It is also a fabric that combines continuous filaments, ranging from elastomeric to non-elastic but elongatable to at least a minimum extent, for strength and elasticity with the predetermined indepth intermingling of fibrous melt blown webs for interlocking of the said continuous filaments in the formation of the integrated, fibrous and continuous filament matrix.

Abstract: Improved ballistic resistant laminates have been developed by bonding alternating plies of fabric woven from glass or normally solid organic polymers and non-woven scrim prepreg impregnated with a heat curable resin. A preferred organic polymer is an aramid exemplified by Kevlar. A preferred heat curable resin is phenol-formaldehyde/polyvinyl butyral blend.

Abstract: The presses used in extracting the juice from fruits, grains, berries and vegetables have a membrane actuable by a fluid pressure medium. The membrane is made of a woven fabric coated on both sides with plastic, and comprises a multi-axial fiber composite structure of several fiber systems. At least two fiber systems have fibers at right angles to each other and an additional plurality of fiber systems have fibers oblique with respect to the fibers at right angles to each other.