Abstract: A packing material having a plurality of domes formed therein, and methods for forming same are provided. A plurality of layers of a substrate are placed together to form a composite material with a plurality of layers, and domes are formed in the plurality of layers. The domes can be formed in more than one direction and can be of different sizes and shapes. Thereafter, the materials can be cut to desired sizes or shapes. The domes formed in the layers are nested and accordingly, the packaging material takes up a minimal amount of space after same is manufactured. This serves to minimize the expense and space requirements for storage and shipping and disposal. In use, the sheets are separated and disoriented to achieve bulk and are utilized for packing. The domes are sized, shaped and positioned to tend against re-nesting.

Abstract: An expandable and contractible cellular panel 10 comprises a plurality of parallel, aligned, elongated tubular sections 12 secured together at the median region of their adjacent longitudinal margins to form the panel 10. The adjacent tubular sections 12 of the panel 10 are made of a pair of substantially identical separate strips of sheet material from those forming the other adjacent tubular sections 12. The various adjacent pairs of strips are laminated together along their confronting longitudinal margins. Each strip is made of at least two separate flexible substrate sheets 18,20 having completely different appearances, and are secured together by welding together their longitudinal margins.

Abstract: A heat transfer core for a water-cooling tower has a film fill sheet made from formed resin. The sheet then has a pattern of buttons, channels, dimples, and spacers formed on one surface of the sheet. Along the edges of the sheet, stiffening bars with spacers are formed. The sheets are positioned upright, spaced horizontally between the upper heated water and the lower cooled water reservoirs for a generally horizontal flow of cooling air across films of water flowing downwardly over the film fill sheets. The buttons, channels, and dimples direct water across the sheet to flow down in a meandering manner and to increase the length of time for water to descend the sheet and thereby maximize cooling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a structure assembled from elements, the elements forming an entity with topological interlocking.

Abstract: A panel structure for a transport machine is disclosed which is constituted by an integral combination of an outer panel and an inner panel. The inner panel has reinforcing protuberances and recesses, possessing a higher rigidity than the outer panel. The protuberances of the inner panel and a back side of the outer panel are bonded together through insulating layers present on the protuberances.

Abstract: A stair tread having predetermined dimensions including a top and bottom that are at least substantially parallel and substantially planar that includes a nose strip extending the length of the stair tread, having a hardwood appearance at the top, and having an edge at the front that is shaped in cross-section from the top to the bottom to provide a nose to the stair tread, a base including a plurality of base strips having a first joint between each adjacent base strip, wherein the base extends the length of the tread and, together with the nose strip, extends from the front to the rear of the tread, and a separately formed cover strip disposed over the base and sized sufficiently to provide the appearance of hardwood on the top.

Abstract: Nonwoven webs having substantially aligned fibers can be formed in an apparatus having a direction of motion corresponding to the direction of web formation. The web is formed in the presence of at least one secondary fluid stream that oscillates the filaments or resulting attenuated fibers to and fro generally in and against the direction of motion so that a majority of the collected fibers are aligned within ±20° of the direction of motion and fibers having lengths of about 1-10 cm can be teased from the web. The resulting nonwoven webs are especially useful for forming pleated filtration media having pleats generally transverse to the direction of motion.

Abstract: A device having an improved thermal barrier coating (46) and a process for manufacturing the same. A support structure (28) for retaining a ceramic insulating material (46) on a substrate (16) is formed by the deposition of a support structure material through a patterned masking material (14). The support structure can define cells into which the ceramic insulating material is deposited following removal of the masking material. The masking material may be patterned by known photolithographic techniques (22,24) or by laser etching (48). The support structure (28) may be a composite metal-ceramic material having either discreet layers (30,34) or a graded composition and may be deposited by an electro-desposition process followed by a heat treatment to form a solid state diffusion bond with the substrate.

Abstract: Molded wood-based decorative articles can be prepared by first laminating a paper sheet to a shaped, wood-based substrate, e.g., natural wood or a man-made board, preferably fiberboard, prior to applying a moldable cellulosic composition over at least one outer surface of the paper overlay. Surprisingly, the moldable cellulosic composition has excellent adherence to the paper overlay, so long as the paper does not have an anti-stick coating, such as a silicone or other lubricious surface treatment. The preferred paper is kraft paper that has no surface coating. After adhering the paper to the shaped, wood-based article, the moldable cellulose-based composition is applied to one or more outer surfaces of the paper overlay in a thickness of preferably in the range of {fraction (1/32)} inch to 1.0 inch and the cellulosic composition then is molded to form a decorative pattern on one or more outer surfaces of the paper overlay.

Abstract: In a process for laminating plies of tissue paper, at least two plies of tissue paper are combined and are embossed together in at least one embossing nip so that they are provided with substantially identical embossing patterns which consist of embossing protrusions. The embossed plies are then separated, and the separated plies are then displaced relatively to each other and are recombined. In the resultant recombined tissue, the maximum distance D in the displacement direction between an embossing protrusion of a first ply and an embossing protrusion of a second ply, which has been displaced relatively to said first ply, is set as a function of the height H of the embossing protrusions and the length L of the embossing protrusions in the displacement direction of the two plies, so that D is equal to the smaller one of the values of 12H and 14L.

Abstract: A particulate filter for an exhaust system having an exhaust flow and a nominal flow area includes a housing and a plurality of plates arranged parallel to each other within the housing. Each plate has a plurality of orifices and a plurality of micropockets configured to trap exhaust particulates.

Abstract: A high-temperature fiber-reinforced carbon-carbon composite material of essentially uniform density, is fabricated by the following sequence of steps: (a) selecting a fiber/matrix material combination; (b) providing a fiber preform of desired shape and fiber placement; (c) selecting at least one low-viscosity pre-carbon monomer material that wets the surfaces of the fiber preform; (d) impregnating the fiber preform with the monomer; (e) polymerizing the monomer material in-situ in a single phase process into a pre-carbon polymer of desired molecular weight; (f) pryolyzing the pre-carbon polymer to form a carbon matrix material; and (g) repeating steps (d)-(f) to further densify the preform.

Abstract: A nested rolled paper product is shown in which raised and depressed areas are formed in a sheet. The depressed areas may comprise square shapes, rounded shapes or other geometric shapes that are capable of aligning or nesting in registration when the sheet is rolled to form a reduced diameter rolled product. A high loft through air drying fabric is employed to imprint a high caliper pattern into the sheet in such a way as to nest raised portions, resulting in a more compact product having a minimized roll diameter. Grooves or channels in the sheet are capable of aligning as the sheet is rolled. The resulting rolled product may be toilet tissue, paper towels, or other similar paper products. The final rolled product achieves a minimum roll diameter for a fixed roll length.

Abstract: In single-wall corrugated paperboard comprising corrugating medium joined on both sides to two liners and a tear line along which the corrugated paperboard can be torn open, the two liners are severed directly opposite each other, whilst the corrugating medium has no incision, or merely in the region of of the flute peaks, the tear line being configured straight or curved. This system results in the structural integrity of the corrugated paperboard being hardly detrimented. In the tearing open action the cut liners act as knife edges which cleanly sever the corrugating medium at the defined locations, producing neat cut edges of pleasing visual appeal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a necked laminate and a process for making the laminate. The necked laminate is formed from sheet layers of at least one non-elastic neckable material laminated to at least one non-elastic film defining a longitudinal and transverse dimension wherein the laminate is extensible and retractable in at least one dimension without significantly reducing the breathability and/or liquid barrier properties of the film layer. This laminate extensibility and retractability is the result of striated rugosities in, for instance, the longitudinal dimension of the film layer which enables the necked laminate to have an amount of extensibility and retractability in the transverse dimension. The laminate is made by first partially stretching the non-elastic film layer, attaching a non-elastic neckable layer to form a laminate and then stretching the laminate to neck the laminate and stretch the film to its desired fully stretched configuration.

Abstract: A covered substrate is described, which comprises: (a) a flexible substrate layer; and (b) a plurality of cooperative barrier layers disposed on the substrate layer. The plurality of cooperative barrier layers further comprise one or more planarizing layers and one or more high-density layers. Moreover, at least one high-density layer is disposed over at least one planarizing layer in a manner such that the at least one high-density layer extends to the substrate layer and cooperates with the substrate layer to completely surround the at least one planarizing layer. When combined with an additional barrier region, such covered substrates are effective for enclosing organic optoelectronic devices, such organic light emitting diodes, organic electrochromic displays, organic photovoltaic devices and organic thin film transistors. Preferred organic optoelectronic devices are organic light emitting diodes.

Abstract: A process of making a nonwoven fabric comprising providing a three-dimensional surface that comprises surface features that are air permeable, depositing fibers or a web comprising fibers onto the surface, and stabilizing the fibers to form a nonwoven fabric is provided.

Abstract: A support cushion including a first underlying layer made from a flexible foam, at least one side of the first underlying layer being configured with a non-plane surface. The support cushion also includes a second underlying layer made from a flexible foam, at least one side of the second underlying layer being configured with a non-plane surface. The second underlying layer is placed in abutment with the first underlying layer. The support cushion further includes an overlying layer placed in abutment with the second underlying layer, the overlying layer being made from a visco-elastic foam.

Abstract: Highly textured tissue sheets, particularly suitable for use as bath tissue, are produced by throughdrying and have a low number and/or low amount of pinholes. The low number or amount of pinholes is provided by using a throughdrying fabric having parallel wide ridges with a height suited to the particular tissue sheet being produced.

Abstract: A brick is made of refractory material, preferably for use in a furnace for calcining carbon bodies, wherein at least one surface of the brick that is facing towards an adjacent brick is provided with mating elements such as recesses and projections. The mating elements are rotationally symmetric about an axis that is perpendicular to the surface.

Abstract: A tissue paper product has at least two laminated plies, each of which is individually embossed so as to exhibit a three-dimensional pattern of alternating raised ridges and recessed areas. The ridges of each individual ply form a network pattern, the plies being joined together by adhesive applied on the contacting ridges of one or both of the embossed paper plies.

Abstract: A liquid absorbing sheet for absorbing liquids exuding from a food product disposed in a container of the type having a bottom wall provided with a furrow extending along a side wall of the container. The absorbing sheet comprises a first absorbing zone centrally located on the sheet and comprising a permeable top layer made of a liquid permeable material, an impermeable bottom layer made of a liquid impermeable layer and an absorbing mat between the top layer and the bottom layer, made of a liquid absorbing material. The sheet further comprises a second absorbing zone having an elongated and narrow configuration adapted to fit over the furrow, and comprising an impermeable top layer made of a liquid impermeable material, a permeable bottom layer made of a liquid permeable material and an absorbing mat between the top and the bottom layer, made of a liquid absorbing material.

Abstract: A liquid-impervious backsheet for body fluids disposal article having upper and lower surfaces made of thermoplastic synthetic resin, the sheet includes a plurality of independent concave zones depressed downward from the lower surface and a smooth zone extending around these concave zones, each of the concave zones being formed in its region except its peripheral edge with at least one micropore.

Abstract: A method of forming a support structure on a base from a framework uses a tube of a flexible material divided by dividing walls of flexible material into an array of compartments. Each compartment includes at least one wall including a hollow protrusion or recess. In use the framework is located on the base and the compartments are filled with the filler material so that each compartment is adjacent to one or more other compartments filled with the filler material and so that each hollow protrusion fills with the filler material so that each compartment protrudes into or is protruded into by at least one adjacent compartment so as to interlock adjacent compartment. This increases the overall strength of the support structure.

Abstract: A contact body is disclosed, comprising at least two contact sheets having opposing surfaces and a projection extending outward from one surface of each contact sheet, wherein the projection defines a depression on the opposite surface of the contact sheet, a projection of one contact sheet being disposed within a depression of an adjacent contact sheet to form a projection-depression coupling, and the projection-depression coupling being deformed to form a positive lock. A method and apparatus of connecting contact sheets to form a contact body are also disclosed, that provide for deforming projection-depression couplings formed in two or more interlocking sheets to form positive locks by which assemblies of sheets are formed.

Abstract: A spacer plate for use in making a hollow floor has a plurality of truncated cone-shaped spacer elements extending from one side of the plate, and distributed in a row wise and column wise arrangement, for supporting the spacer plate from an underfloor, and also formed in the spacer plate are grooves formed in the same side of the plate as the spacer elements for holding a pipe conducting a heating or cooling medium, with the grooves surrounding at least a half of the circumference of the pipe to securely hold the pipe in place on the plate, so that the heating or cooling medium conducted through the pipe can come into heat exchange relationship not only with an upper floor laid on top of the spacer plate but also with air conducted through space existing between the spacer plate and the underfloor.

Abstract: Here is disclosed a composite sheet comprising substantially non-stretchable nonwoven fabric sheets and a plurality of elastic members extending in a transverse direction and spaced one from another in a longitudinal direction by a given spacing wherein the elastic members are secured in a stretched state to the nonwoven fabric sheets. The composite sheet has a plurality of gathers formed by slightly undulated surface of the nonwoven fabric sheets and the elastic members and these gathers are substantially continuous in the longitudinal direction and arranged at substantially regular intervals in the transverse direction.

Abstract: A rocket motor assembly is insulated or thermally protected with a rocket motor ablative material formed from a prepreg. The prepreg contains at least an impregnating resin matrix and, as a precursor prior to carbonization, either carded and yarn-spun solvent-spun staple cellulosic fibers, solvent-spun cellulosic filaments, or a combination thereof. When patterned and carbonized, the rocket motor ablative material can be lined or otherwise placed into a rocket motor assembly, such as between the solid propellant and case, in the bulk area of the exit nozzle liner, or at susceptible portions of a re-entry vehicle, such as the nose cone.

Abstract: The method and apparatus of the present invention prevents the formation of pin-holes during stretching of strip laminates in the cross machine direction. Pin-holes are prevented by creating slack areas along the length of the web where the edges of the non-woven strips meet with the polymer film, pressing the slack areas into the interdigital stretching rollers without stretching the slack areas, and stretching the remainder of the web in a typical manner. The slack regions are formed prior to interdigitation by, for example, formation of a furrow, a fold or a corrugation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extruded conduit profile which has a U-shaped cross-section and is comprised of a base and limbs, said limbs being shaped on the base as one piece. The profile also has a covering part which can be connected to one free end of the limb. The invention provides a material-saving production of conduit profiles while completely adhering to the required stability at the same time. To this end, at least the wall thickness of the base of the U-shaped conduit profile is reduced, and impressions which reinforce are placed in a section by section manner inside said base which has a reduced wall thickness.

Abstract: A Wind and Sun Tolerant Mesh is disclosed which is composed of either natural or synthetic material, the generally vertical directional strands crossed by horizontal strands, some or all of which individual horizontal strands of which broaden out on one side forming as sill which projects outward at an angle away from the plane surface of the mesh in a venetian blind profile, and wind baffling effect, while simultaneously allowing release of any excess pressure from wind gusting into the opposite side due to the semi permeable nature of the mesh and as there is no restricting sill on the inside surface, thus giving better control and protection to either articles or utilities made from, and/or persons or property protected by, commodities of any various sort constructed wholly or partly from the mesh.

Abstract: In an organic electroluminescent device, a plurality of striped lower electrodes are formed on an insulating substrate, and a plurality of fillers made of amorphous carbon are filled between the lower electrodes. Organic thin film layers including an emitting layer is formed on the fillers and the lower electrodes. A plurality of striped upper electrodes are formed on the organic thin film layer along a second direction different from the first direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a press jacket of a press device and a method for treating a material web, in particular a paper or cardboard web, in a nip, where the press jacket has an outer circumferential surface that is provided with grooves and/or blind bores. The grooves and/or bores include a side wall having an the opening region with a bevel and/or a rounded section that extends along a curved line, in order to counteract a volume reduction that occurs when the press device is loaded.

Abstract: The perceived softness of embossed tissue can be increased greatly while avoiding nesting when a particular pattern is embossed into the tissue. This pattern combines relatively shallow stitchlike bosses with deeper more sharply defined signature bosses. The stitchlike bosses can be rounded and arranged in wavy flowing intersecting lines. The signature bosses can be arranged in regions framed by the intersecting wavy flowing lines.

Abstract: An intermittently tabbed pleated shade in which alternate pleats are tabbed at spaced apart locations along their length, giving the pleats a textured appearance when the shade is extended in the lowered position. An intermittently tabbed pleated shade device has a headrail and a bottomrail, to which the top and bottom of the pleated shade, respectively, are connected. Preferably there is a set of vertically aligned tabs for each lift cord, each tab having at least one cord hole through which a lift cord may pass. In this shade pleated material is intermittently secured together at each of adjacent back projecting pleats to form intermittent tabs at spaced apart locations along the width of the pleated material at a rear portion of each back projecting pleat such that when the shade is lowered each of the intermittently tabbed pleats has a textured appearance. Optionally, a spacer device can be used to maintain a desired vertical spacing between tabs.

Abstract: A novel paper article, a method of making a paper product, and an embossing roll are disclosed for providing a paper surface region having a minority of fiber to fiber bonds broken in the paper surface region to a depth less than about 0.02 mm from the paper surface. In one aspect, the roughened embossing roll includes protuberances or depressions sized at less than about 0.1 mm. In one aspect, the roughened embossing roll includes protuberances or depressions adapted to produce paper product surface deformations in the paper surface, wherein the paper product surface deformations are invisible to an unaided human eye. The present invention provides a paper product having higher perceived softness while maintaining tensile strength.

Abstract: A protective packaging sheet which is particularly suitable for packaging heavy loads such as coils of sheet steel. The packaging sheet is formed from a plastics sheet material having inherently relatively low compressions strength and resistance to impact forces and bending. These mechanical properties are vastly improved in the embossed packaging sheet. At least one of the surfaces of the sheet material is provided with shaped protuberances juxtaposed with adjacent shaped protuberances to provide a gap around each shaped protuberance. The shaped protuberances are arranged in such a way that all straight lines projected onto the surface cut through the shaped protuberances in addition to the gaps.

Abstract: A core crush resistant prepreg for use in making a fiber reinforced composite panel structure is provided. The prepreg comprises a woven fabric consisting essentially of carbon fiber tow strands impregnated with a hardenable polymeric resin composition. Typically the fabric has an areal weight of from about 180 to about 205 grams per square meter. The prepreg has an average fiber tow aspect ratio of less than about 15.4, a prepreg thickness of at least about 0.245 mm, and a prepreg openness of at least about 1.2 percent but less than about 6.0 percent. Preferably, the resin composition is predominantly viscous in nature and has a tan &dgr; value of between 0.9 and 2.0 at an elevated temperature between 70° C. and 140° C., and an average epoxy functionality of greater than 2.0. A method for evaluating core crush resistance properties of a prepreg is also provided.

Abstract: A stain resistant film construction that includes a polyvinyl film laminated to a polyolefin film by an adhesive. The stain resistant film construction can be formed into a retroreflective product that includes a polyolefin layer, an adhesive layer and a polyvinyl layer attached to the polyolefin layer by the adhesive on the first side of polyvinyl layer. Retroreflective prisms can be attached to the second side of polyvinyl layer, and a backing layer can be attached to the second side of polyvinyl film through the prism layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a manufacturing method for an absorbent structure (10) having at least two plies (P1, P2) each constituted of at least one embossed sheet of creped absorbent paper, wherein the plies (P1, P2) engage between two engraved metal cylinders (CG1, CG2) fitted with protrusions (R1, R2), driven in synchronized rotation, and mutually nesting with a play (J) between the tops of the protrusions (R1, R2) of one metal cylinder (CG1, CG2) and the opposite trough surface (F2, F1) of the engraving of the other cylinder (CG2, CG1), the method being characterized in that the play (J) is less than the depth of the cylinder engravings and larger than the sum of the thicknesses (E1, E2) of the plies (P1, P2) which were previously shaped in such a matching manner that the plies (P1, P2) are not compressed when being engaged between the nested engraved cylinders (CG1, CG2).

Abstract: A bubble board stock material for use in the packaging industry and other energy absorbing and impact protection applications. The bubble board stock material includes a generally planar surface with two or more surface sheets integrally connected with a plurality of geometrical shapes within a substrate to form the stock material. The plurality of geometrical shapes define protrusions extending out of the first sheet and complementary depressions in the second sheet uniformly spaced from one another in a repetitive pattern throughout the board stock material. The bubble board stock material also includes means for snapping and attaching a first board to a second board, and means for providing a flexible hinge allowing angular orientation and movement of one portion of the board stock material with another portion.

Abstract: A floor covering (1) made of an elastically moldable material, in particular from a synthetic rubber, which is provided with a regular arrangement consisting of first projections (3) on the upper side (1a) and with a regular arrangement of second projections (5) on the underside (1b), the projections of the first projections and of the second projections not exhibiting any overlapping area on the plane of the covering and that, on the underside within the projections of the first projections, third projections (7) are provided in each case which have a smaller height vis-à-vis the second projections such that the floor covering only touches a floor with the second projections when it is in an unloaded state, however, when a preset load is exceeded locally, the third projections come in contact with the floor.

Abstract: A cushion having an underlying polyurethane foam or flexible layer which includes a non-plane surface, and an overlying visco-elastic foam layer positioned adjacent to the non-plane surface of the underlying layer, the cushion being adapted for suitably supporting a load, such as a human body, positioned thereon.

Abstract: Optical diffusing structures can be fabricated from photopolymerizable material by directing light through a transparent or translucent substrate and then through the photopolymerizable material for a period of time sufficient to photopolymerize only a portion of the material. The resultant structure can be utilized as a diffuser, a viewing screen, and in other applications, and can be combined with other light-directing structures such as arrays of tapered optical waveguides.

Abstract: An expandable and contractible cellular panel 10 comprises a plurality of parallel, aligned, elongated tubular sections 12 secured together at the median region of their adjacent longitudinal margins to form the panel 10. The adjacent tubular sections 12 of the panel 10 are made of a pair of substantially identical separate strips of sheet material from those forming the other adjacent tubular sections 12. The various adjacent pairs of strips are laminated together along their confronting longitudinal margins. Each strip is made of at least two separate flexible substrate sheets 18,20 having completely different appearances, and are secured together by welding together their longitudinal margins.

Abstract: A filling material includes a web of sheet made of metal, in particular aluminum, or of dimensionally stable flexible material, especially plastic, with the sheet being perforated with evenly spaced slits extending parallel in longitudinal direction of the band and stretched transversely to the longitudinal extension, and with the sheet profiled transversely to the longitudinal extension.

Abstract: An embossed multiple ply paper product having a nested latticework embossment pattern providing a cloth-like, quilted appearance and a process for embossing and bonding such multiple ply paper product. The multiple ply paper product comprises a latticework of cells composed of n rows of embossment elements nested within an interfacing latticework of cells composed of n+1 rows of embossment elements.

Abstract: A cube corner article having a structured surface of geometric structures, each geometric structure having a plurality of faces at least some of which are arranged as a cube corner element, is made by providing a first substrate having a plurality of grooves therein, replicating the first substrate in a second substrate, and forming a second plurality of grooves in the second substrate. Geometric structures in the second substrate are formed in part by replication of the first plurality of grooves and in part by the information of the second plurality of grooves.

Abstract: There is provided a corrugated nonwoven web where at least 40 percent of the web surface area is made from fusible fibers. The corrugated web is bonded such that no gaps are present between the folds of the web. Such webs provide comparable compression resistance and resiliency to, and greater void volume than, webs having a conventional X-Y plane fiber alignment.

Abstract: A structural panel has one or more face sheets bonded by adhesive layers to a core body having two outer plastic liner sheets fusion-bonded to linear ends of inner plastic truss elements spaced apart with open spaces therebetween extending in a plane direction of the plastic liner sheets. The sheet-to-sheet adhesive bonding provides a high-strength laminate bonding that is very resistant to delamination, simple and inexpensive, and can be carried out by a preferred continuous sheet bonding technique. The all-plastic core body is highly resistant to moisture attack, and the open spaces between truss elements provide flexibility to accommodate thermal expansion and contraction. The truss construction of the core body provides high compressive and shear strength, while minimizing the amount of material required to be used. In one preferred embodiment, two metal face sheets are used, and the core body has plastic liner sheets fusion-bonded to a corrugated plastic core sheet.