Abstract: The present invention relates to printing blankets, pipe liners, conveyor belts, inflatable articles, collapsible containers, protective clothing, and other types of coated fabrics that are manufactured with a thermoplastic block copolymer (TBC). This TBC can be a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a copolyester (COPE), a copolyamide (COPA) or a polyurethaneurea (TPUU). The subject invention more specifically discloses a printing blanket or printing sleeve and a cured in place liner for a passageway or pipe. The TBC is (I) the reaction product of (1) a hydrophobic polyol or polyamine, (2) a polyisocyanate or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and (3) a linear chain extender containing 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or (II) the reaction product of (1) a hydrophobic polyol or polyamine, and (2) a carboxylic terminated telechelic polyamide sequence.

Abstract: An amorphous hard carbon film comprising a first amorphous carbon layer substantially consists only of carbon formed on a substrate surface and a second amorphous carbon layer substantially consists only of carbon formed on the surface of the first amorphous carbon layer, wherein the transmission electron microscope image of the first amorphous carbon layer is brighter than that of the second amorphous carbon layer when the cross section is observed.

Abstract: Provided is a tissue mimicking phantom technology capable of controlling an ultrasonic echo intensity and hardness and offering excellent stability. A tissue mimicking phantom includes a first portion and a second portion which is incorporated in the first portion and whose hardness and/or ultrasonic echo intensity is different from that of the first portion. The first portion and second portion are gel structures that are formed with a covalent bond of macromolecular strands or a chemical bond that is as strong as the covalent bond. The gel structure has a solid scatterer (for example, metal-oxide microparticles) dispersed therein. The first portion and second portion exhibit mutually different hardness levels and ultrasonic echo intensities.

Abstract: A modular plastic floor tile has a body of a first polymer compound and features overmolded onto the body from a second polymer compound. The compounds may be different from each other in hardness and/or color. The features may include raised pads on the upper surface and/or skins on support member cores downwardly depending from the tile lower surface. The pads on the upper surface may be injection-molded from the lower surface through through-holes. Lateral edges of the tile are provided with latches which fit into loops with an interference fit. The loops flex in order to impose a compressive force on mating tile edges. The tile may have an overmolded peripheral seal.

Abstract: A flat belt (2), which is made of elastomeric material (46a, 46b), is made up of a first partial belt (2a) and a second partial belt (2b). The first partial belt (2a) is reinforced with a reinforcement layer (4) made up of cords. A layer separation which is to be feared theoretically is to be reliably avoided and the bonding of the belt material to the reinforcement layer (4) is to be optimized. The first belt part (2a) is provided with slots (44) with the aid of mold drum winding-projections (42); the second belt part (2b) defines a filling of the slots (44) of the first belt part (2a). Preferably, the reinforcement layer (4) is positioned centrally in the neutral bending plane of the finished flat belt (2). The first belt part (2a) and the second belt part (2b) can be made of different elastomeric materials (46a, 46b). Also, at least one of the two surfaces of the belt (2) can be coated and/or provided with a longitudinal profile or transverse profile.

Abstract: An air spring rolling-lobe flexible member, which is made of elastomeric material, has a reinforcement arrangement which is embedded in the flexible member wall (1). The reinforcement arrangement extends along the entire length of the flexible member and is of rubber-coated cord fabric layers (3, 4). The flexible member has a non-symmetric reinforcement arrangement wherein the one outer fabric layer (3) or the several outer fabric layers has/have a stress-elongation characteristic which is different from that of the one inner fabric layer (4) or the several inner fabric layers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of a hardened component made of a hardenable steel, wherein the steel strip is exposed to a temperature increase in an oven, and is thus exposed to an oxidizing treatment such that a surface oxide layer is created, and subsequently a coating using a metal or a metal alloy is carried out. The strip is heated and at least partially austenitized for producing an at least partially hardened component, and subsequently cooled and thereby hardened. The invention also relates to a steel strip produced according to said method.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to a personal grooming product or device (e.g., foil shaver, rotary shaver, etc.) having a metal coating on one or more surfaces thereof, the grooming product being designed for contacting the skin (e.g., the human hand or face, or the skin of an animal, such as during the act of pet grooming). More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to a personal grooming product or device having a layer of some measurable thickness on such a surface, wherein the layer comprises or contains a tarnish resistant, hypoallergenic and/or antimicrobial silver-containing alloy.

Abstract: The invention relates to an erosion protection coating (11), in particular, for gas turbine components, having a horizontally segmented and/or multi-layered construction. i.e., having at least one relatively hard layer (12) and having at least one relatively soft layer (13), wherein the relatively hard layer or each relatively hard layer as well as the relatively soft layer or each relatively soft layer are disposed on top of one another in an alternating manner, in such a way that an outer-lying layer, which forms an outer surface of the erosion protection coating, is formed as a relatively hard layer (12). According to the invention, the relatively hard layer or each relatively hard layer (12) as well as the relatively soft layer or each relatively soft layer (13) are formed as a ceramic layer in each case.

Abstract: A wear resistant member formed of silicon nitride sintered body having a volume of 4000 mm3 or more, the silicon nitride sintered body containing 1 to 5 mass % of a rare earth component in terms of rare earth element, 1 to 6 mass % of an Al component in terms of Al element, 10 to 3500 ppm of an Fe component in terms of Fe element, and 10 to 1000 ppm of a Ca component in terms of Ca element, wherein a ?-phase ratio of silicon nitride crystal grains is 95% or more, a maximum longer diameter of the silicon nitride crystal grains is 40 ?m or less, and each of dispersions in Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of an inner portion of the wear resistant member is within a range of ±10%. According to this structure, the wear resistant member can be manufactured with a low cost, and there can be provided a wear resistant member comprising a silicon nitride sintered body excellent in reliability and the dispersion in characteristics is effectively suppressed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a layered composite (10) for producing a card body comprising a chip module (12) for a chip card, having a substrate layer arrangement (11) for arranging the chip module, and having intermediate layers (18, 19) disposed on both sides of the substrate layer arrangement, each having a cover layer (21, 22), wherein the substrate layer arrangement and the cover layers are designed in relation to the intermediate layers such that the substrate layer arrangement and the cover layers are formed as layers having a relatively rigid shape and hard surfaces, and the intermediate layers are formed as layers having a relatively elastic shape and soft surfaces, and also relates to a method for producing a layered composite.

Abstract: A method involves depositing on a surface of an optical substrate an optical layer made of a substance that has an index of refraction approximately equal to an index of refraction of the optical substrate, the optical substrate and the layer collectively defining a multi-section substrate in which the optical substrate and the optical layer serve as respective sections. According to a different aspect, an apparatus includes a multi-section substrate having a first section that is an optical substrate with a surface, and having a second section that is an optical layer provided on the surface and made of a substance having an index of refraction approximately equal to an index of refraction of the optical substrate.

Abstract: An anti-chipping sheet includes at least a substrate layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, wherein the substrate layer comprises laminated multiple ionomer layers, each of which comprises an ionomer produced by neutralizing carboxyl groups of an ethylene-unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer with metal ions, one of the multiple ionomer layers is a high-rigidity ionomer layer, located at the outermost layer and not in contact with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the substrate layer, and having stiffness of 200 N/mm2 or higher, and another one of the multiple ionomer layers is a low-rigidity ionomer layer, located toward the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in relation to the outermost layer, and having stiffness of lower than 200 N/mm2.

Abstract: A coating arrangement includes a coating carrier having at least one surface and a coating having particles with a hardness of at least 9 on the Mohs hardness scale disposed on the at least one surface of the coating carrier. The particles forming substantially a single layer and being fixed on the carrier surface by a metallic material applied by electroplating. Such a coating arrangement may be used in a coupling that further includes a counter element against which the coating arrangement is intended to press.

Abstract: A coating for protecting a surface against erosion when contacted by particles having a range of particle sizes or by high velocity fluid impingement includes a first coating on the surface forming a high bulk or composite hardness coating; and a hard ceramic coating on the first coating having a hardness higher than the hardness of the first coating and the erosion particles.

Abstract: A large-heat-input butt-welded joint of welded structures prepared by butt-welding high-strength steel plates over 50 mm in thickness, having excellent brittle fracture resistance, is characterized by: (a1) the hardness of the weld metal is not more than 110% of the hardness of the base metal or (a2) the hardness of the weld metal is not less than 70% and not more than 110% of the hardness of the base metal, and, as required, (b) the width of the weld metal is not more than 70% of the plate thickness of the base metal, (c) the width of the region affected by welding whose hardness is softened to not more than 95% of the hardness of the non-heat-affected base metal has a width not less than 5 mm, and/or (d) the prior austenite grain size in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) contacting the welding fusion line is not more than 200 ?m.

Abstract: Provided is an intermediate transfer member, a method of producing the same, and an image forming method and an image forming apparatus thereof having excellent effects such that neither crack nor rupture is generated upon repetitive use, no transferring ratio drops during secondary transfer, and neither white patch of an text image nor white patch of a solid image is generated. Also disclosed is an intermediate transfer member used for an image forming apparatus, wherein a surface of the intermediate transfer member has a hardness of 1.5-3.0 GPa, measured by a nano indentation method, and a hardness of 0.15-0.45 GPa, specified by a universal hardness method.

Abstract: A sound-damping unit for a sprocket has a mounting foot for connection to a sprocket and an elastic body placed on the mounting foot that is suitable for cushioning a chain running onto the sprocket. The elastic body is provided with a protective cap or protective layer. A sprocket according to the invention includes a circular sprocket disc having a number of teeth and tooth gaps in the circumferential direction. The sprocket is equipped with at least one sound-damping unit that is configured to reduce the noise upon a chain running onto said sprocket. The sound-damping unit is at least one sound damping unit as above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substrate being at least partially coated with a coating comprising at least a first layer and a second layer. The first layer and the second layer comprise amorphous hydrogenated carbon. The first layer has a first Eo4 optical band gap and the second layer has a second Eo4 optical band gap. The said second Eo4 optical band gap is smaller than said first Eo4 optical band gap. The invention further relates to a method to deposit such a coating on a substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming a matte topcoat for rotor blades, propellers and other articles used to protect a leading edge substrate against high speed liquid or solid particle erosion including premixing a concentrate of flatting agent dispersed in a solvent, reducing the moisture content using molecular sieves, blending the concentrate of flatting agent into a polyurethane or polyurea composition and forming a protective coating comprising a matte layer on the leading edge substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a polyurethane porous product, a polyurethane porous product according to the manufacturing method, and a polishing pad having the polyurethane porous product. According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a polishing pad that has excellent polishing efficiency and has a minimal difference in the polishing characteristic during a polishing process and improves uniformity in plane of material that will be polished because the polyurethane porous product of the present invention has small density difference, small hardness difference, and the stabilized quality of material.

Abstract: Described are methods of coating a polymer substrate including thermal coating substrate with a metallic boundary material to form a first layer and thermal coating the first layer with a metallic thermal spray material to form a second layer. Related coated articles, coated members, actuators and other items are also included.

Abstract: A laminated structure includes: a plurality of first electroconductive films each having a prescribed hardness; and a plurality of second electroconductive films each having a hardness that is lower than the prescribed hardness. The first and second electroconductive films are laminated alternately.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cutting tool insert for turning consisting of a cemented carbide substrate and a coating. The cemented carbide substrate comprises WC, binder phase, and vanadium containing cubic carbide phase with a binder phase enriched surface zone essentially free of cubic carbide phase. The thermal properties of the vanadium-containing cubic phase, has turned out to give excellent resistance to thermal cracking of the insert.

Abstract: A coating layer formed from an outermost layer and an inner layer disposed on a substrate surface of a surface coated cutting tool. The inner layer is formed from a periodic table group IVa, Va, VIa metal, Al, Si, B compound. The outermost layer is formed from aluminum nitride or aluminum carbonitride. The outermost layer has a chlorine content of more than 0 and no more than 0.5 atomic percent. The protective coating on the tool surface is made easier to form during cutting by further adding a predetermined amount of chlorine to the film formed from aluminum nitride, which provides thermal stability and lubricity. Lubricity can be increased by using this protective coating.

Abstract: An image transfer sheet includes a withstand voltage layer provided on a surface of a release layer where an image is formed and transferred, and a conductive compressive layer laid on the withstand voltage layer by way of a conductive support layer. The release layer is formed of a fluororesin or an elastomer, and its surface tension is 20 mN/m or less. The release layer has a thickness of 0.01 mm or more. The withstand voltage layer preferably has a thickness of 0.2 mm or more, a volume electrical resistivity within a range of 105 ?-cm through 109 ?-cm at room temperature, and a matrix hardness of 80 JIS-A or less. Further, the conductive compressive layer preferably has a volume electrical resistivity of 104 ?-cm or less at room temperature, and a porosity of 30 to 70%. In addition, the support layer has a volume electrical resistivity similar to that of the conductive compressive layer, and can comprise woven cloth regulated by conductive fibers.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel welded pipe is ferritic stainless steel welded pipe contains, by wt %, C: 0.001 to 0.015%, N: 0.001 to 0.020%, Cr: 11 to 25%, Mo: 0.01 to 2.0%, one or both of Ti and Nb in 0.05 to 0.5%, and B: 0.0003 to 0.0030%, having an elongation of the welded pipe material in the direction becoming the circumferential direction of 30% or more, and having an average Lankford value of 1.5 or more, which is formed, welded, and sized by 0.5 to 2.0% in terms of circumferential length, then annealed at 700 to 850° C., and has the hardness difference between the weld zone and the matrix is 10 to 40 in range and a ratio between the bead thickness of the weld zone and the thickness of the matrix is 1.05 to 1.3.

Abstract: Disclosed is an at least partly crosslinked coating (K) composed of a near-surface coating zone (K1) and a volume coating zone (K2), the coating obtained from a composition comprising at least two different crosslinkable components (D1) and (D2), at least part of component (D1) having one or more surface-active structural units, wherein (i) the coating both in zone (K1) and in zone (K2) is at least partly crosslinked, and (ii) the crosslinking density of the coating in zone (K1) is higher than the crosslinking density of the coating in zone (K2). Also disclosed are coatings (K) wherein the concentration of component (D1) in the near-surface coating zone (K1) is higher than in the volume coating zone (K2), and the micropenetration hardness and/or the dry scratch resistance of the coating (K) is higher than that of an at least partly crosslinked coating (K?) obtained from a composition with no crosslinkable component (D1).

Abstract: There are provided electronic parts with excellent strength and high insulation resistance. According to a preferred embodiment, the electronic part comprises an inner layer section and outer layer sections formed covering the surfaces of the inner layer section, wherein the inner layer section and outer layer sections have a construction with a filler component dispersed in a glass component, the transverse strength of the inner layer section is at least 330 MPa, and the inner layer section has a thermal expansion coefficient larger than that of the outer layer sections.

Abstract: An article comprising an article having a first surface and a second surface adapted to come into contact with the first surface and a first protective coating on at least a portion of the first surface. The first protective coating comprises a first coating layer. The first coating layer comprises a first component comprising boron, titanium or chromium and a second component comprising nitrogen or carbon. At least a portion of the first protective coating comes into contact with the second surface when the second surface comes into contact with the first surface. A method for reducing the wear and galling of a first surface of an article comprising applying a coating to the first surface of the article.

Abstract: The present invention involves an automotive glazing panel having an ink that adheres to a plastic substrate and is compatible with a hard-coat system. The plastic substrate comprises an ink printed thereon and a hard-coat system applied on the ink. The ink has a synthetic resin which is a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin or mixtures thereof. The hard-coat system includes a solvent having greater than 10 weight percent water and includes either a glycol ether, a ketone, an alcohol or an acetate. The ink is adaptable to adhere to the surface of the substrate and be compatible with the hard coat system.

Abstract: A multilayer film 1 free of halogens for use in the manufacture of ostomy pouches or the like pouches, which is impermeable to aroma compounds, comprising at least one aroma barrier layer 3; 15, and at least one sealable skin layer 2, 4; 12, 14, wherein the aroma barrier layer comprises thermoplastic stiff polyurethane (TPU) or cyclic polyolefin (COC) and/or sulphur absorber.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment provides coated polymeric substrates that have a polymeric substrate body with a coated surface. The surface coating includes more than one pair of coating layers. Each pair of coating layers includes a first applied coating layer and a second applied coating layer. In addition, an indicator, applied on top of or between coating layers, provides an indication of wear of the coating.

Abstract: A film for application to the upper surface of a floor covering comprising: (a) a blend of an acrylic resin and a fluoropolymer resin; and, optionally (b) anti-slip particles wherein the film comprises two or more layers. A method of forming the floor covering is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is a surface coating film having a high degree of hardness and an excellent oxidation-resistance, and a method of manufacturing thereof, a cutting tool and a cutting machine. In the surface coating film, an oxidation-resistance layer containing, as a main component, a complex oxide of Li and at least Al, is coated on the outer surface of a base material, direct thereonto or through the intermediary of a highly hard coating layer.

Abstract: A decorative part and a process for producing the decorative part. A first nitride layer containing at least one metal selected among hafnium, titanium, and zirconium is formed on the surface of a decorative part comprising a soft base made of a material selected among stainless steel, titanium and titanium alloys, brass, etc., and a second nitride layer containing at least one metal which is selected among hafnium, titanium, and zirconium and is different from that in the first nitride layer is formed on the first nitride layer to thereby form a primer layer. A multilayered hardened layer including a gold alloy layer is further formed as a finish layer on the primer layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include methods of producing a composite article. A method comprises introducing a first powdered metal grade from a feed shoe into a first portion of a cavity in a die and a second powdered metal grade from the feed shoe into a second portion of the cavity, wherein the first powder metal grade differs from the second powdered metal grade in chemical composition or particle size. Further methods are also provided. Embodiments of the present invention also comprise composite inserts for material removal operations. The composite inserts may comprise a first region and a second region, wherein the first region comprises a first composite material and the second region comprises a second composite material.

Abstract: A high-energy treated cutter comprising a substrate having a top surface, an outer region, and an inner core and a wear resistant layer coupled to the top surface. The high-energy treatment alters the substrate's physical properties so that the inner core provides greater toughness and the outer region provides greater hardness, and greater abrasion resistance. The layer is protected prior to commencement of the treatment. In one embodiment, a cover is positioned to surround the layer and then the cutter undergoes treatment, wherein the cutter is subjected to impact forces with other cutters. In another embodiment, the cutter is positioned within a recess formed in a tray table, thereby providing protection to the layer. The cutter is secured in place via vacuum, glue, or weight. A spray nozzle applies shot material directed to the substrate of the cutter, thereby applying the impact forces to alter the substrate's properties.

Abstract: A housing element (1) of a product comprises a foil (30) having a decorated side, wherein this side of the foil (30) is covered by a grip layer (20) for realizing a grip effect, and wherein another side of the foil (30) is covered by a supportive layer. Preferably, the grip layer (20) has a rib structure. In a preferred way of manufacturing the housing 5 element (1), each of the supportive layer and the grip layer (20) is applied to the foil (30) in an injection molding process. A processing temperature of the material of the grip layer (20) is significantly lower than an activation temperature of printing ink of a decorative covering of the foil (30), so that washout of the printing ink is prevented, whereas material of an adhesive layer of the foil (30) is adapted to establish adhesion to the material of the grip layer 10 (20) at this relatively low temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pad printing machine and in particular to its pad. The pad consists of at least two resiliently compressible layers, the shore hardness of one layer being different from that of the other.

Abstract: A thermoplastic film for airbag covers contains a cover layer and a foam layer. The cover layer is made of at least two layers, having an outer layer and an inner layer, and an elongation at tear of the inner layer of the cover layer and of the foamed layer is considerably less than the elongation at tear of the outer layer of the cover layer.

Abstract: Methods of reinforcing a fibrous roller cladding material, reinforced roller cladding materials and clad lehr rollers wherein the cladding comprises a reinforced fibrous material are disclosed. The roller cladding material, which comprises a fibre board, is reinforced by a method comprising firstly contacting the cladding material with a fluid medium comprising a reinforcing agent whereby fluid is absorbed by the cladding material, and secondly, drying the cladding until the surface of the cladding is dry to the touch, characterised in that the reinforcing agent comprises a compound of phosphorus or a compound of boron. Roller cladding materials reinforced according to the methods disclosed have an improved resistance to cullet damage. The reinforced roller cladding material may be used as the cladding of a clad lehr roller, of the type used for example to convey flat glass in sheet or ribbon form.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present system and method, an electrophotographic media includes a porous base media and a bi-modal pigmented composition disposed on the porous media that provides an increased resistance to blistering during pigment fusing. The bi-modal pigment may include a first pigment and a second pigment, the first pigment including particles having acicular morphology, and the second pigment including substantially spherical particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to resilient product including a relatively soft workding section (2) secured to a surface of a relatively hard interlayer (4). An opposed surface of the interlayer (4) includes a mounting section (3) which functions to secure the resilient product to a support. The resilient product is particularly suitable for providing a sealing member or a resilient mounting member. The ability of the resilient product to be secured to a support, and remain secured to that support is a particular advantage.

Abstract: There is provided a thermal conductivity sheet capable of lowering the thermal resistance value of the joint surface more than before in addition to easiness to use, and an electronic device to which the thermal conductivity sheet is applied. Load is applied to the thermal conductivity sheet having a prescribed thickness placed between CPU 10 that is the heat generation parts and the heat sink 11 that is the heat radiation parts. The thermal conductivity sheet has hardness wherein intervals between CPU 10 that is the heat generation parts and the heat sink 11 that is the heat radiation parts narrow more than the prescribed thickness by either of load within the range from 0.01 kgf/cm2 to 5.0 kgf/cm2 with tightening of screw.

Abstract: A method and composition for damping vibration of a substrate as well as a construction configured to achieve dampened vibration transmission. The construction includes a substrate configured to transmit NVH associated vibration in at least one frequency range. The construction also includes a first polymeric layer overlying at least a portion of the substrate element. The first polymeric layer comprises at least one material having elastomeric characteristics in a Tg range between +10 to ?10° C. as outlined in ASTM E1640-00 and a hardness of between 5 and 25 as measured with the Shore A methodology outlined in ASTM D2240-00 and a second polymeric layer having elastomeric characteristics less than those exhibited by the first layer.

Abstract: A ventilation structure as a material for manufacturing sheet of cloth, mat, footwear, mattress cover, etc, is disclosed that includes a lower layer of knitted fabric formed of a water-impermeable and water vapor-permeable fabric; an upper layer of knitted fabric formed of a water-impermeable and water vapor-permeable fabric; a plurality of support members formed between the upper and the lower layers; and a plurality of reticulated air ducts formed between the upper and the lower layers with the support members disposed thereamong. In one embodiment, the support members are shaped as triangle. Preferably, the support members are formed of plastic. In another embodiment, the hardness of a first portion of the support members is higher than that of the remaining portions of the support members. In yet another embodiment, the support members have a projecting portion contacting either the upper layer or the lower layer.

Abstract: A hinge apparatus is capable of reliably withstanding a great number of stressor cycles. A layer of an inflectable fiber-reinforced composite material is embedded between two layers of a fiber reinforced composite material of high stiffness. The latter are formed with a separating joint along the line of inflection.

Abstract: A CMC article and process for producing the article to have a layer on its surface that protects a reinforcement material within the article from damage. The method entails providing a body containing a ceramic reinforcement material in a matrix material that contains a precursor of a ceramic matrix material. A fraction of the reinforcement material is present and possibly exposed at a surface of the body. The body surface is then provided with a surface layer formed of a slurry containing a particulate material but lacking the reinforcement material of the body. The body and surface layer are heated to form the article by converting the precursor within the body to form the ceramic matrix material in which the reinforcement material is contained, and by converting the surface layer to form the protective layer that covers any fraction of the reinforcement material exposed at the body surface.

Abstract: A diamond-like carbon film for sliding parts which is applied to the sliding surface of sliding parts, the diamond-like carbon film including at least two layers, one being a lower layer of diamond-like carbon (referred to as DLC hereinafter) and the other being an upper layer of DLC placed thereon, wherein the lower layer has a hardness no lower than 20 GPa and no higher than 45 GPa, a Young's modulus no lower than 250 GPa and no higher than 450 GPa, and a thickness no smaller than 0.2 ?m and no larger than 4.0 ?m, and the upper layer has a hardness no lower than 5 GPa and lower than 20 GPa, a Young's modulus no lower than 60 GPa and no higher than 240 GPa, and a thickness no smaller than 1.0 ?m and no larger than 10 ?m. The diamond-like carbon film has both good durability and low frictional coefficient.