Abstract: System and method for improving the shaving experience by providing improved visibility of the skin shaving area. A digital camera is integrated with the electric shaver for close image capturing of shaving area, and displaying it on a display unit. The display unit can be integral part of the electric shaver casing, or housed in a separated device which receives the image via a communication channel. The communication channel can be wireless (using radio, audio or light) or wired, such as dedicated cabling or using powerline communication. A light source is used to better illuminate the shaving area. Video compression and digital image processing techniques are used for providing for improved shaving results. The wired communication medium can simultaneously be used also for carrying power from the electric shaver assembly to the display unit, or from the display unit to the electric shaver.

Abstract: Composite panels and methods of preparation are described herein. In some embodiments, the composite panel can include a first fiber reinforcement, a polyurethane composite having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the first surface is in contact with the first fiber reinforcement; and a cementitious material adjacent the first fiber reinforcement opposite the polyurethane composite. The polyurethane composite can be formed from (i) one or more isocyanates selected from the group consisting of diisocyanates, polyisocyanates, and mixtures thereof, (ii) one or more polyols, and (iii) a particulate filler. The fiber reinforcement can be formed from a woven or non-woven material, such as glass fibers. The composite panel can further include a material, such as a second fiber reinforcement and a cementitious layer, in contact with the second surface of the polyurethane composite. Articles comprising the composite panels are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of bonding a first object to a second object includes the steps of: providing the first object including thermoplastic material in a solid state, providing the second object including a proximal surface, applying a mechanical pressing force and a mechanical excitation capable to liquefy the thermoplastic material until a flow portion of the thermoplastic material is flowable and penetrates into structures of the second object, and stopping the mechanical excitation and letting the thermoplastic material resolidify to yield a positive-fit connection between the first and the second object. The second object has a region of low density, wherein the protrusion penetrates the region of low density at least partly before the thermoplastic material is made flowable, and wherein the first object includes a protruding portion after the step of letting the thermoplastic material resolidify, the protruding portion at least partly penetrates the region of low density.

Abstract: A method for producing a component layer-by-layer includes: providing two or more resin handling assemblies, each including a resin support which has at least a portion which is transparent, each resin support defining a build surface located in a build zone of the respective assembly; executing a build cycle, including: depositing on each build surface radiant-energy-curable resin, the resin on each build surface being a unique material combination; positioning a stage relative to one of the build surfaces to define a layer increment; selectively curing the resin using applied radiant energy so as to define a cross-sectional layer of the component; separating the component from the build surface; cleaning at least one of the component and the stage; and repeating the cycle, for a plurality of layers, wherein at least one of the layers is cured in each of the build zone. Apparatus is described for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An X-ray diffraction method measures crystallite size distribution in a polycrystalline sample using an X-ray diffractometer with a two-dimensional detector. The diffraction pattern collected contains several spotty diffraction rings. The spottiness of the diffraction rings is related to the size, size distribution and orientation distribution of the crystallites as well as the diffractometer condition. The invention allows obtaining of the diffraction intensities of all measured crystallites at perfect Bragg condition so that the crystallite size distribution can be measured based on the 2D diffraction patterns.

Abstract: System and method for improving the shaving experience by providing improved visibility of the skin shaving area. A digital camera is integrated with the electric shaver for close image capturing of shaving area, and displaying it on a display unit. The display unit can be integral part of the electric shaver casing, or housed in a separated device which receives the image via a communication channel. The communication channel can be wireless (using radio, audio or light) or wired, such as dedicated cabling or using powerline communication. A light source is used to better illuminate the shaving area. Video compression and digital image processing techniques are used for providing for improved shaving results. The wired communication medium can simultaneously be used also for carrying power from the electric shaver assembly to the display unit, or from the display unit to the electric shaver.

Abstract: System and method for improving the shaving experience by providing improved visibility of the skin shaving area. A digital camera is integrated with the electric shaver for close image capturing of shaving area, and displaying it on a display unit. The display unit can be integral part of the electric shaver casing, or housed in a separated device which receives the image via a communication channel. The communication channel can be wireless (using radio, audio or light) or wired, such as dedicated cabling or using powerline communication. A light source is used to better illuminate the shaving area. Video compression and digital image processing techniques are used for providing for improved shaving results. The wired communication medium can simultaneously be used also for carrying power from the electric shaver assembly to the display unit, or from the display unit to the electric shaver.

Abstract: A friction assembly has a support plate, at least one brake pad and at least one reinforcing foil of the plate. The brake pad and the support plate are co-moulded from at least one heat-resistant resin. The reinforcing foil is fixed to the support plate via anchoring projections, joined to and which extend away from the foil, embedded in the resin to prevent or limit deformations of the support plate in the use of the assembly.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a cosmetic product applicator including a gripping part and an applicator part having bristles or teeth. The method includes additive manufacturing (S1) by sintering a powder of a plastics material followed by depowdering (S2) and post-treatment for the removal of particles that have become detached from the cosmetic product applicator or are partially sintered, the post-treatment including blasting (S4) and ionizing blowing (S5). This method allows the removal of particles likely to be irritating, for example with a size greater than 500 micrometers, while being suitable for industrial production. The invention also relates to an associated production method.

Abstract: A method of measuring the viscosity of a resin in a bottom-up additive manufacturing apparatus, includes the steps of: (a) providing an additive manufacturing apparatus including a build platform and a light transmissive window, said build platform and said window defining a build region there between, with said window carrying a resin; (b) advancing said build platform and said window towards one another until said build platform contacts said resin; (c) detecting the force exerted on said build platform by said resin; and (d) generating in a processor a viscosity measure of said resin from said detected force.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a copper oxide solid for use in plating of a substrate using an insoluble anode. Further the present invention relates to a method of producing the copper oxide solid. Further the present invention relates to an apparatus for supplying a plating solution in which the copper oxide solid is dissolved into a plating tank. A copper oxide solid (CS) to be supplied into a plating solution for plating a substrate (W) includes a copper oxide powder and a liquid as a binder to solidify the copper oxide powder.

Abstract: The present invention is related to decorative multi-layer surface coverings comprising a wear layer, wherein said wear layer comprises a polymer blend, said polymer blend comprising polylactic acid and one/or more (meth)acrylate comprising polymer(s).

Abstract: Provided is a method of evaluating cleanliness of a member having a silicon carbide surface, the method including bringing the silicon carbide surface into contact with a mixed acid of hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid; concentrating the mixed acid brought into contact with the silicon carbide surface by heating; subjecting a sample solution obtained by diluting a concentrated liquid obtained by the concentration to quantitative analysis of metal components by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry; and evaluating cleanliness of the member having a silicon carbide surface on the basis of a quantitative result of metal components obtained by the quantitative analysis.

Abstract: System and method for improving the shaving experience by providing improved visibility of the skin shaving area. A digital camera is integrated with the electric shaver for close image capturing of shaving area, and displaying it on a display unit. The display unit can be integral part of the electric shaver casing, or housed in a separated device which receives the image via a communication channel. The communication channel can be wireless (using radio, audio or light) or wired, such as dedicated cabling or using powerline communication. A light source is used to better illuminate the shaving area. Video compression and digital image processing techniques are used for providing for improved shaving results. The wired communication medium can simultaneously be used also for carrying power from the electric shaver assembly to the display unit, or from the display unit to the electric shaver.

Abstract: A touch screen and a manufacturing method thereof and a display device are provided. The touch screen includes a base substrate, electroluminescence pixel units disposed on the base substrate and arranged in array, touch electrodes disposed on the electroluminescence pixel units and arranged in array, the electroluminescent pixel units and the touch electrodes are insulated from each other.

Abstract: A transparent resin molded product and a mold for molding the product are provided in which occurrence of silver streak in the resin molded product is prevented. The resin molded product includes a design portion and a non-design portion, at least a part of the design portion is molded by transparent resin, and a gate trace (a gate arrangement position during the resin molding) is disposed in the non-design portion (runner portion). A foreign matter restraining portion for restraining foreign matters and bubbles contained in the transparent resin is disposed in the vicinity of the gate trace of the non-design portion. The foreign matters and bubbles are restrained by the foreign matter restraining portion and are prevented from flowing to the design portion, and therefore the occurrence of silver streak on the design portion can be prevented.

Abstract: An insulation paste for forming a protective layer of a solar cell device includes: a siloxane resin; an organic solvent; and multiple fillers each having a surface covered with an organic coating containing at least one material different from a material of the siloxane resin. A method for producing the insulation paste includes: preparing the multiple fillers; and mixing together a precursor of the siloxane resin, water, a catalyst, an organic solvent, and the multiple fillers. A method for manufacturing a solar cell device includes: applying the insulation paste to the passivation layer; and drying the insulation paste to form the protective layer on the passivation layer. A solar cell device includes: the passivation layer located on a semiconductor region; and the protective layer located on the passivation layer and including a siloxane resin and dimethylpolysiloxane.

Abstract: Plasma applications are disclosed that operate with argon or helium at atmospheric pressure, and at low temperatures, and with high concentrations of reactive species in the effluent stream. Laminar gas flow is developed prior to forming the plasma and at least one of the electrodes can be heated which enables operation at conditions where the argon or helium plasma would otherwise be unstable and either extinguish, or transition into an arc. The techniques can be employed to clean and activate a metal substrate, including removal of oxidation, thereby enhancing the bonding of at least one other material to the metal.

Abstract: An antithrombogenic metallic material includes a metallic material whose surface is coated with a coating material, the coating material containing: a phosphonic acid derivative or a catechol derivative; a polymer containing, as a constituent monomer, a compound selected from the group consisting of alkyleneimines, vinylamines, allylamines, lysine, protamine, and diallyldimethylammonium chloride; and an anionic compound containing a sulfur atom and having anticoagulant activity; the polymer being covalently bound to the phosphonic acid derivative or the catechol derivative, the phosphonic acid derivative or the catechol derivative being bound to the metallic material through a phosphonic acid group or a catechol group thereof, wherein the abundance ratio of nitrogen atoms to the abundance of total atoms as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) on the surface is 4.0 to 13.0 atomic percent.

Abstract: A method of making an antimicrobial glass article that includes the steps: submersing the article in a strengthening bath to exchange a portion of ion-exchangeable metal ions in the glass article with a portion of ion-exchanging metal ions in the strengthening bath to form a compressive stress layer extending from the first surface to a diffusion depth in the article; removing a portion of the compressive stress layer from the first surface of the article to a first depth above the diffusion depth in the article to define a new first surface and a remaining compressive stress layer; and submersing the article in an antimicrobial bath to exchange a portion of the ion-exchangeable and the ion-exchanging metal ions in the compressive stress layer with a portion of the silver metal ions in the antimicrobial bath to impart an antimicrobial property in the article.

Abstract: Multi-layer sheets of graphene-based material having a plurality of pores extending therethrough are described herein. Methods for making the sheets are also provided and include exposing a graphene-based material comprising multilayer graphene having from 2 to 10 layers of graphene to a particle beam comprising nanoparticles, the nanoparticles having an energy of at least 2 keV per nanoparticle.

Abstract: A moisture cure polyurethane durable coating with an acrylic additive to enhance strength and durability, for application to a drumstick having a standard clear coating. The durable coating bonds to the standard clear coating, and helps to resist impacts and abrasions, thereby protecting the tip and shoulder area of the drumstick when the drumstick strikes the rim of a drum, or the edge of a cymbal. The durable coating helps to protect the drumstick from early breakage, thereby extending the useful life of the drumstick. The coating has an aesthetic pearl finish with a satin sheen and excellent color retention properties. The durable coating includes aliphatic polyisocyanates which resist yellowing better than aromatic urethanes. The coating procedure features fast low-temperature drying, and quick re-coating times. The durable coating can be formulated as a pearl finish using titanium dioxide pigment, or as a translucent metallic finish using aluminum powder pigment.

Abstract: A method for enhancing optical properties of sintered, zirconia ceramic bodies and zirconia ceramic dental restorations is provided. The porous or pre-sintered stage of a ceramic body is treated with two different yttrium-containing compositions and sintered, resulting in sintered ceramic bodies having enhanced optical properties. The enhanced optical properties may be substantially permanent, remaining for the useful life of the sintered ceramic body.

Abstract: There is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass enabling the laminated glass to have low transmittance for a light ray with a wavelength of 430 nm, and furthermore, being capable of achieving low excitation purity thereof. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention includes a thermoplastic resin, at least one first compound selected from yellow color-based coloring matter and red color-based coloring matter and at least one second compound selected from blue color-based coloring matter and purple color-based coloring matter, the ratio of the amount of the first compound to the amount of the second compound is 0.5 or more, and each of the blue color-based coloring matter and the purple color-based coloring matter is a kind of coloring matter with a maximum absorption wavelength of 550 nm or more and 750 nm or less.

Abstract: A wiring body includes an adhesive layer and a conductor pattern bonded to the adhesive layer. A surface roughness of an adhesive surface in the conductor pattern bonded to the adhesive layer is rougher than a surface roughness of another surface, which is a surface of the conductor pattern except for the adhesive surface in the conductor pattern.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a flexible substrate and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device, comprising: disposing a detachable layer on a rigid substrate, and fixing the flexible base on the rigid substrate by the detachable layer, wherein the detachable layer comprises a mesh layer and a plurality of mutually independent supporting parts disposed in meshes of the mesh layer; forming a functional layer on the flexible base to obtain a flexible substrate; separating the flexible substrate from the rigid substrate by applying an external force on the mesh layer. The present invention makes it easier for the flexible substrate to be stripped off after it is manufactured, improves the yield rate; moreover, the present invention has the process compatibility of ordinary production lines, and saves costs.

Abstract: A bearing comprises a resin matrix filled with fluoropolymer, graphite, and other discrete particles of an additive material that is attached to a backing material. A method for manufacturing a bearing comprises depositing to a backing material a fluid polymer bearing material comprised of a resin matrix filled with fluoropolymer, various fillers, and discrete particles of an additive to form a continuous consolidated bearing material, and curing the lining material to bond the lining material onto the backing material.

Abstract: A method for producing a flexible tubular member having a cross-linked coating includes oxidizing an outer surface of a flexible tubular substrate, disposing a first radiation curable pre-polymer formulation on the oxidized outer surface, exposing the first radiation curable pre-polymer formulation to radiation to produce a first cross-linked coating layer, disposing a second radiation curable pre-polymer formulation on the first cross-linked coating layer, and exposing the second radiation curable pre-polymer formulation to radiation to produce a second cross-linked coating layer. The substrate includes a cross-linked polymer.

Abstract: To provide chemically tempered glass which is less likely to break even if scratched. Chemically tempered glass, which comprises, as represented by mole percentage based on the following oxides, from 56 to 72% of SiO2, from 8 to 20% of Al2O3, from 9 to 25% of Na2O, from 0 to 2% of K2O, and from 0 to 15% of MgO, and which has a surface compressive stress of at least 900 MPa and an internal tensile stress of at most 30 MPa. Glass for chemical tempering, which comprises, as represented by mole percentage based on the following oxides, from 56 to 69% of SiO2, from 8 to 16% of Al2O3, from 9 to 22% of Na2O, from 0 to 1% of K2O, from 5.5 to 14% of MgO, from 0 to 2% of ZrO2, and from 0 to 6% of B2O3.

Abstract: A hydrophilic member that enables provision of favorable photocatalytic performance while enhancing water repellent agent resistance and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. A maintenance method for removing a water repellent agent adhering to a surface of a hydrophilic layer of a hydrophilic member, the water repellent agent having a cation property, is provided. A photocatalytic layer is formed on a base material. An intermediate layer is formed on the photocatalytic layer. A hydrophilic layer having an isoelectric point exceeding 7 is formed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer is a layer that causes the hydrophilic layer to be formed so as to have a low density compared to a case where the hydrophilic layer is formed directly on the photocatalytic layer under the same film forming condition. A water repellent agent adhering to a surface of the hydrophilic layer can effectively be removed using sodium bicarbonate.

Abstract: There is provided an optical laminate excellent in adhesiveness between a (meth)acrylic resin film (base material film) having low moisture permeability and a UV absorbing ability and a hard coat layer, and has suppressed interference unevenness. An optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a base material layer formed of a (meth)acrylic resin film; a hard coat layer formed by applying a composition for forming a hard coat layer to the (meth)acrylic resin film; and a penetration layer formed through penetration of the composition for forming a hard coat layer into the (meth)acrylic resin film, the penetration layer being placed between the base material layer and the hard coat layer, wherein the penetration layer has a thickness of 1.2 ?m or more.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) is disclosed. A substrate having a dielectric layer over it is provided. A block co-polymer (BCP) layer is deposited over the dielectric layer. The BCP layer is then annealed to form a first polymer nanostructures surrounded by a second polymer nanostructures over the dielectric layer. The second polymer nanostructure is selectively etched using the first polymer nanostructure as an etch mask to form a nano-block. The dielectric layer is selectively etched using the nano-block as an etch mask to form a nano-trench. The nano-trenched is sealed to form a nano-air-gap.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chip through flooring material using a PLA resin, which is environmentally friendly by using the PLA resin and can realize the texture of natural wood and the unique fragrance of trees. According to the present invention, the chip through flooring material using the PLA resin includes: a chip through layer; and a surface treatment layer which is formed on a surface of the chip through layer, wherein the chip through layer includes the PLA resin.

Abstract: An image analysis apparatus that analyzes a skin condition from a video of the face of a subject captured with an imaging part includes a tracking part configured to track the amount of changes of multiple tracking points arranged in advance in an analysis region of the face based on a change in the expression of the face included in the video, and obtain the compression ratio of the skin in the analysis region based on the amount of changes, and a skin condition analysis part configured to analyze the skin condition of the subject based on the compression ratio obtained by the tracking part.

Abstract: A transparent cover glass for applications such as, but not limited to, touch screen devices that embody antimicrobial properties that include s being antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral. The antimicrobial glasses contain nanoparticles of Cu or Cu2O on the surface of the glass. The antimicrobial glasses can further have a fluorosilane coating or other coating on the surface to make the glasses easy-to-clean. Also, glass surfaces having an antibacterial or antimicrobial surfaces and a protective coating on the surface that do not inhibit the antibacterial or antimicrobial properties of the glass are described. The disclosure is further directed to methods of making such articles.

Abstract: A method for removing a layer made of a first material from a surface of a body made of a second material is disclosed. The body is subjected to a pressurized jet containing a blasting medium composed of particles, where the pressurized jet at least intermittently has an Almen intensity of at most 0.35 Almen A, preferably at most 0.3 Almen A and particularly preferably at most 0.25 Almen A.

Abstract: An anti-reflection film is provided having excellent optical property, excellent excoriation resistance, and antistatic function at low production costs. The anti-reflection film includes a localized layer and a low refractive index layer that are stacked in this order on at least one surface of a transparent substrate. The localized layer is stacked with an intermediate layer, a hard coat layer, an antistatic layer containing a conductive material, and a leveling layer containing a leveling material in this order, which are localized, at least from the side of the transparent substrate. The leveling material contains at least a fluorocompound or a compound which has a siloxane bond.

Abstract: An anti-reflection film with low production costs, excellent anti-reflection performance or excellent optical properties free from interference variation, high abrasion resistance, and antistatic function to prevent dust adhesion is demanded. In the present invention, the problem to be solved is to provide an anti-reflection film having low production costs, excellent optical property and excellent abrasion resistance and antistatic function. The present invention provides an anti-reflection film in which a localized layer and a low refractive index layer are laminated in this order on at least one surface of a transparent base, and the localized layer is constituted to have an intermediate layer, a hard coat layer, an antistatic layer containing a conductive material and a leveling layer containing a leveling material that are laminated as localized in order from at least the side of the transparent base.

Abstract: A top-gate molding system for encapsulating semiconductor devices includes a plurality of mold cavities formed between a middle plate and a bottom plate, and a runner system formed between an upper plate and the middle plate. The runner system includes a runner with a plurality of reservoirs along its length, with a gate extending from each of the reservoirs to one of the cavities. A particle trap is positioned on the bottom of the runner between a sprue and a first one of the reservoirs, to capture contaminating particles in a flow of molding compound before the particles enter any of the reservoirs. The particle trap can be, for example, a notch or a channel extending transversely across the bottom of the runner, or a dummy reservoir upstream of the first of the plurality of reservoirs.

Abstract: The invention provides monolayer films which not only have hydrophilicity and are excellent in such properties as antifogging properties, antifouling properties, antistatic properties and anti-condensation properties but also tend to exhibit excellent transparency even with a large film thickness and excellent scratch resistance, as well as stacks having the monolayer film.

Abstract: An aluminosilicate glass for touch screens is provided. The glass includes, calculated based on weight percentage: SiO2, 55 to 65%; Na2O, 12 to 17%; Al2O3, 15 to 20%; K2O, 2 to 6%; MgO, 3.9 to 10%; ZrO2, 0 to 5%; ZnO, 0 to 4%; CaO, 0 to 4%; Na2O+K2O+MgO+ZnO+CaO, 15 to 28%; SnO2, 0 to 1%; TiO2+CeO2, ?1%. A chemical strengthening method for glass also provided that includes ion exchange strengthening in a 100% KNO3 salt bath, wherein a preheating temperature ranges from 370° C. to 430° C. and the treatment time is from 0.5 to 16 hours.

Abstract: An interior equipment element 2 for vehicle cabins, in particular of aircraft. The interior equipment element 2 consists of at least one first portion 7, on the surface of which there is applied.

Abstract: A tempered glass substrate has a compression stress layer on a surface thereof, and has a glass composition comprising, in terms of mass %, 40 to 70% of SiO2, 12 to 21% of Al2O3, 0 to 3.5% of Li2O, 10 to 20% of Na2O, 0 to 15% of K2O, and 0 to 4.5% of TiO2, wherein the tempered glass substrate has a plate thickness of 1.5 mm or less, and an internal tensile stress in the tempered glass substrate is 15 to 150 MPa.

Abstract: A device for withdrawing heat energy from air. The device includes a layer of a substantially hydrophobic coating on a heat exchange surface. The coating has a lower surface tension than water, to repel water and prevent the formation of water condensation on the surface. For example, the coating can be a fluoropolymer such as 1,1,2,3,3,3 hexafluoropropene.

Abstract: The invention comprises semifinished products with a structured surface, the semifinished product comprising an oxidized and subsequently re-reduced surface containing at least one refractory metal, and also a process for their production and their use for producing high-capacitance components.

Abstract: An optical member includes an oxide layer that has a stable fine textured structure that is excellent in durability. The optical member includes a base material and an antireflection coating on a surface of the base material. The antireflection coating includes at least an oxide layer having a fine textured structure on the surface, and the oxide layer contains a phosphate compound. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing the optical member is provided.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention relates to a press-molding glass material, which comprises a core part comprised of optical glass and a silicon oxide film of less than 15 nm in thickness covering at least a portion of the core part, the portion being to be an optically functional surface, as well as has a surface free energy as measured by a three-liquid method of equal to or lower than 75 mJ/m2. A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a press-molding glass material comprising a core part comprised of optical glass and a silicon oxide film covering at least a portion of the core part to be an optically functional surface.

Abstract: In embodiments herein, the invention relates to a multilayer printable polymeric film including: (a) at least one layer A including one or more polyolefins and having a first side and a second side; (b) a layer B including one or more polyolefins and having a first side and a second side, where the first side of layer B is located on the second side of layer A; and (c) a printable coating located on the first side of layer A; wherein at least one of layer A or B comprises 0.01 to 50.0 wt. % of at least one polyether-polyolefin block copolymer, based on the weight of the polymers comprising the layer; and wherein the multilayer printable polymeric film has a kinetic coefficient of friction less than 0.65; and a surface tension of greater than about 35 mN/m; on one or both sides of the film.

Abstract: A glass sheet includes 4 mol % or more of Al2O3. In the glass sheet, a surface Na2O amount in one surface of the glass sheet is lower than the surface Na2O amount in the other surface of the glass sheet by 0.2 mass % to 1.2 mass %.

Abstract: A silicon wafer is manufactured by subjecting a silicon wafer sliced from a silicon single-crystal ingot grown by the Czochralski process to a rapid thermal process in which the silicon wafer is heated to a maximum temperature within a range of 1300 to 1380° C., and kept at the maximum temperature for 5 to 60 seconds; and removing a surface layer of the wafer where a semiconductor device is to be manufactured by a thickness of not less X [?m] which is calculated according to the below equations (1) to (3): X[?m]=a[?m]+b[?m]??(1); a[?m]=(0.0031×(said maximum temperature)[° C.]?3.1)×6.4×(cooling rate)?0.4[° C./second] . . . (2); and b[?m]=a/(solid solubility limit of oxygen) [atoms/cm3]/(oxygen concentration in substrate) [atoms/cm3]??(3).