Abstract: A method of obtaining rayon fibers from cellulose waste is provided. The method includes extracting alpha-cellulose from cellulose waste, dissolving the alpha-cellulose in a cuoxam solution, obtained by reacting gaseous ammonia with an aqueous solution of copper hydroxide, to obtain a chemically modified cellulose. The chemically modified cellulose was extruded in an acid bath to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was further neutralized to obtain the rayon fibers.

Abstract: A formulation comprising prothioconazole and a stabilizing amount of a transition metal salt, optionally a co-pesticide, optionally two co-pesticides, a process for the preparation thereof, a method of use thereof and kit comprising the components thereof is disclosed.

Abstract: Novel polyorganosiloxane compounds are disclosed that are useful in firefighting foams. Methods of making and using the polyorganosiloxane compounds and foams are also described.

Abstract: Methods for spraying a coating composition, with or without a fire retardant, onto a wood product, and wood products produced by the methods are disclosed. The method comprises a two-component system comprising (i) one or more aliphatic isocyanate compounds; and (ii) one or more aliphatic amine compounds, and, optionally, one or more fire retardants which are stored separately and combined in a spray gun to form a mixture which is then sprayed onto the wood product to form an external coating on one or more surfaces of the wood product. Wood coated with the compositions disclosed herein have increased dimensional stability and are resistant to checking and/or splitting compared to untreated wood.

Abstract: Certain metal surfaces are often unable to be effectively contacted with fluids containing hydrofluoric acid due to significant corrosion issues. Titanium and titanium alloy surfaces represent but one example. Corrosion inhibitor compositions comprising boron-hydroxyalkyl(amine) compound(s) can be used to suppress such metal corrosion, including that taking place on titanium and titanium alloy surfaces, particularly those in a wellbore or in fluid communication with a wellbore.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a method of treating timber with a creosote-containing preservative formulation adapted for use at substantially ambient temperature. The formulation comprises: creosote; one or more surfactants such that when diluted with a predetermined quantity of water, the creosote is present as an oil-in-water macroemulsion or microemulsion; and optionally, an anti-foaming agent and/or a fire retardant. It is found empirically that the inventive concentrate allows for the use of creosote, a known-effective biocide, without many of the drawbacks inherent in such use.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a treated cellulosic material comprising: a cellulosic material having a porous structure defining a plurality of pores, at least a portion of the pores containing a treating agent comprising: a polymer comprising an olefin-carboxylic acid copolymer; a modifying agent comprising a bivalent, trivalent, or tetravalent metal ion.

Abstract: A solution and method of treating wood to resist discoloration of the wood and the treated wood employ a polydentate monoamino carboxylic acid and/or a diakyl diphosphonic acid. The invention resists discoloration which is believed to be caused by the mobility of organic based chromophoric molecules within the wood which migrate toward the surface of the wood. Among uses of the invention, it is particularly helpful in effecting resistance to discoloration of wood being treated with wood preservatives, stains and coatings. In another embodiment, ammonium pentaborate may be employed to resist discoloration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lignocellulose preservative composition comprising in the range of from 50 to 98 wt % of a pyrolysis oil obtainable by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic material, a polymerisable furan compound and a catalyst for polymerising the furan compound in a catalytically effective amount. The invention further relates to a process for producing preserved lignocellulosic material comprising impregnating lignocellulosic material by immersion in such composition and subsequently curing the impregnated material and to preserved lignocellulosic material obtainable by such process and to an engineered wood or non-wood product comprising such lignocellulosic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite material with at least one supporting material and at least one antimicrobial agent from the group of metals and metal compounds. The composite material comprises at least one hydrophilizing agent which increases the wettability of the surface of the composite material with water in comparison to the wettability of the surface of the composite material without the addition of the hydrophilizing agent. The invention further relates to a method for producing a composite material.

Abstract: A composition for treating cellulosic materials is provided. The composition comprises a dispersion of micronized additives. The dispersion comprises additive particles with diameters in the range of 0.001 to 25 microns. Also provided is a method for the application of the additive-containing composition to wood, as well as wood products which have been treated with the composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for acetylation of wood having a density of above 400 kg/m3, particularly, of Southern Yellow Pine, and acetylated wood obtainable by this method. The described acetylation process allows the production of acetylated wood having higher acetylation levels, such as an acetyl content of at least 20% by weight. The acetylated wood has also a low residual acetic acid content, in particular, lower than 1% by weight. The invention is particularly useful for acetylation on industrial scale of pieces of solid wood, preferably, of wood beams.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are preservative compositions and methods of using the same for reducing insect and microbial decay in wood. Also disclosed are wooden articles that have been treated with the compositions described herein.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provided a preservative formulation for use in treating wood or other cellulosic formulations, said formulation comprising: at least one biocidal metal compound; at least one organic compound; and a carrier. Preferably, the preservative formulation is copper/(tebuconazole/propiconazole) in a ratio of about 1:3 w/w; the carrier is preferably aqueous or spirit-based.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wood preservative composition comprising: an ester of boric acid; pentachlorophenol (PCP); and American Wood Preservative Association's (AWPA) P9 Type A solvent. The composition is useful for reducing insect and microbial decay in wood. Further disclosed are methods of making and using such compositions.

Abstract: Hybrid strategies generally involve treating biodegradable substrates with preservative compositions having at least two phases in which the metal biocide is distributed among at least the two phases and via equilibrium reactions moves between the two phases. Both phases are caused to contact the substrate in a manner so that the phases are in contact with each other during at least a portion of the treatment. In illustrative embodiments, the first phase is a liquid phase comprising complexed metal biocide dissolved in a liquid carrier, while the second phase comprises particles comprising the metal biocide, often precipitated and/or colloidal particles. The strategies and related compositions, processes, and treatments are hybrid in the sense that the strategies include both heterogeneous (insoluble) and homogeneous metal biocide constituents. Unlike heterogeneous strategies, hybrid strategies are less sensitive to particle size constraints and may use biocide particles with a wider range of particle sizes.

Abstract: We disclose novel metallic nanoparticles coated with a thin protective carbon shell, and three-dimensional nano-metallic sponges; methods of preparation of the nanoparticles; and uses for these novel materials, including wood preservation, strengthening of polymer and fiber/polymer building materials, and catalysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wood preservative formulation comprising a biocidal agent which is a copper or zinc ion complexed with an amino compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, a water soluble amine or alkanolamine and an aminocarboxylic acid and a stabilizer, as well as to aqueous treatment solutions comprising such a formulation and methods of treating wood or other cellulosic material utilising said formulation.

Abstract: There is a hardened wood composition, comprising an acetylated whole wood portion that may have substantially all of its accessible interior volume impregnated with a hardened thermosetting plastic. A method of manufacturing a hardened wood comprising the steps of: acetylating a whole wood portion and impregnating the whole wood portion with a liquid-phase thermosetting polymer then curing such thermosetting polymer impregnated porous body by the steps of: enclosing the body in a fluid impermeable bag and subjecting the enclosed body to enhanced fluid pressure substantially, contemporaneously, with subjecting the enclosed body to a temperature sufficient to cure the thermosetting plastic impregnated therein by submerging the same in water near its boiling point.

Abstract: The present invention provides wood preservative compositions comprising micronized panicles. In one embodiment, the composition comprises dispersions of micronized metal or metal compounds. In another embodiment, the wood preservative composition comprises an inorganic component comprising a metal or metal compound and organic biocide. When the composition comprises an inorganic component and an organic biocide, the inorganic component or the organic biocide or both are present as micronized particles. When compositions of the present invention are used for preservation of wood, there is minimal leaching of the metal and biocide from the wood.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing wetwood content in green lumber by a treatment with a selected fungal species, such as Phlebiopsis gigantea or Gliocladium roseum, prior to kiln drying. In the laboratory conditions, the biological treated boards reduced wood moisture content (MC) by 22-37% more than untreated boards. The time required for drying biological treated boards was approximately reduced by 10% compared with untreated controls, and by 33% compared with freshly-saw lumber. After drying, the biological treated boards reduced the total deformation with stain, warping and checking by 14-25%.

Abstract: A controlled release biocidal salt of a first component comprises a cation of a N?—(C1-C22) alkanoyl di-basic amino acid alkyl (C1-C22) ester cationic biocidal molecule and a second component comprising an anion of a monomeric anionic molecule having insignificant biocidal activity. The salt is characterized such that when the salt is exposed to an aqueous medium, the salt partially dissolves thereby releasing biocidal ions in an amount sufficient to exceed the MIC or MBC of a target bacteria being controlled, and further characterized as leaving a residual reservoir of undissolved salt capable of releasing more biocidal ions as the salt is consumed or otherwise removed from the environment encompassing the target bacteria. The preferred cationic biocidal molecule comprises N?-lauroyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (“LAE”).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a preservative formulation for use in treating wood or other cellulosic materials, said formulation comprising: at least one biocidal metal compound; at least one preservative; and an aqueous carrier, wherein the preservative formulation has an uptake in the sapwood of less than about 220 l/m3 yet achieves substantially full penetration of the sapwood. Preferably, the preservative formulation is copper/tebuconazole in a ratio of about 25/1 w/w; and the wood is around 25 mm in thickness—for instance, decking timber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to functionalized polyorganosiloxanes or silanes for the treatment of lignocellulosic materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aqueous fire retardant composition comprising phosphoric acid, ammonium, diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, urea, and a complexing agent. The present invention also provides a method for treating wood, and wood obtained by said method.

Abstract: An additive comprising a phosphazene compound that has at least two reactive functional groups and at least one capping functional group bonded to phosphorus atoms of the phosphazene compound. One of the at least two reactive functional groups is configured to react with cellulose and the other of the at least two reactive functional groups is configured to react with a resin, such as an amine resin or a polycarboxylic acid resin. The at least one capping functional group is selected from the group consisting of a short chain ether group, an alkoxy group, and an aryloxy group. Also disclosed are an additive-resin admixture, a method of treating a wood product, and a wood product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an aqueous preparation for the coating of wood surfaces, characterized in that the aqueous preparation comprises: a hydroxyl-functional polyurethane-polyacrylate dispersion, apolyurethane dispersion, an at least partially hydrophilicized polyisocyanate and ?0 weight-% to ?10 weight-% of a matting agent, wherein the combined hydroxyl content of the hydroxyl-functional polyacrylate dispersion and the polyurethane dispersion is ?1% to ?12%. The invention further relates to a method of producing a coated wood surface, comprising the step of coating a wood surface with such an aqueous preparation and to a coated wood surface comprising an aqueous preparation whose use has been recited in the context of the use according to the invention.

Abstract: Articles containing a cellulosic material and at least one polymer containing at least one antimicrobial disaccharide are described, as well as methods for their preparation and use.

Abstract: The present application relates to wood preservation, for example, surfactants and phospholipids for improving wood preservation. Included are surfactants and phospholipids containing a 2-amino-N,N-dimethylacetamide. Provided are wood preservative compositions containing these surfactants or phospholipids, methods of applying such wood preservative compositions to wood, and wood products resultant from some such methods. Also provided are wood products containing the wood preservative compositions provided herein.

Abstract: A dioxaborinane compound, or salt thereof, where boron has two oxy substituents, each independently substituted with H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, —C(O)R3, —C(O)OR3, —C(O)NHR3, or the two oxy substituents, together with the oxygen atoms to which they are bonded, join to form a 5- or 6-membered ring; and R3 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl, where the alkyl and alkenyl are optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms; and where boron also has the substituent -L-X1-PG1; where L may be absent, or alkylenyl, alkenylenyl, or arylene, where the alkylenyl and alkenylenyl are optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms; X1 is absent, or is amino, oxo, thio, or phosphino; and PG1 is a polymerizable group. The dioxaborinane compound can be used as a wood preservative.

Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods using a cationic salt of a dioic acid to treat organic material, including wood and wood-containing material, are disclosed. The treatment may be supplemented with a second salt. Reductions in the rate and/or impact of water absorption, dimensional instability and living organism decay are achieved for organic materials.

Abstract: Inorganic-organic composite articles and methods for producing them using inorganic acidic/alkaline precursor components as inorganic adhesives is provided. Articles prepared therefrom provide improved flexibility, zero flame spread, no release of volatile organic compounds, and low carbon foot print.

Abstract: A composition for treating cellulosic materials is provided. The composition comprises a dispersion of micronized additives. The dispersion comprises additive particles with diameters in the range of 0.001 to 25 microns. Also provided is a method for the application of the additive-containing composition to wood, as well as wood products which have been treated with the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and processes for the preservation of porous materials, particularly porous fibrous materials, such as wood, wood composites, other processed wood materials, paper, board, card, textiles, rope, cordage and leather. Also for horticultural and agricultural application to plants or growing media prevent the growth and spread of fungal and other disease. The compositions contain salts of one or more preservative metals and carboxylic acids having one or a plurality of hydroxyl groups rendered soluble by means of complex formation with boric acid or a water soluble salt thereof. Application of the compositions of this invention to the porous organic material may be by any means used with conventional preservative solutions, for example soaking, spraying, brushing and vacuum or pressure application or other contact of the solution with the material to be treated.

Abstract: Wood is treated with at least one photocatalytically degradable organic substance, organic compound or at least one biocide to reduce the contamination by organic substances, organic compounds and/or biocides from wood or wood-base materials into the immediate surroundings, in particular in closed spaces. The wood treatment agent contains at least one photocatalyst which brings about the degradation of the at least one organic substance, organic compound and/or the at least one biocide. The application/introduction of the at least one photocatalyst to or into the wood can take place together with or after the introduction of the wood preservation agent.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for treating wood and wood-based materials for enhancing dimensional stability and surface properties and also for preventing cracking and extending durability. More specifically the invention for the treatment of wood and wood-based materials is directed to a method wherein the wood or wood-based material is subjected to a thermal treatment and the wood or wood-based material is at least partly impregnated with a melamine-containing resin. Subsequently the wood or wood-based material thus impregnated is cured with hot steam at not more than 125° C. preferably up to a maximum of 120° C. In a further aspect the present application includes the thermally treated wood or wood-based material, impregnated with melamine resin and cured, that is obtainable from the method of the invention.

Abstract: A solution and method of treating wood to resist discoloration of the wood and the treated wood employ a polydentate monoamino carboxylic acid and/or a diakyl diphosphonic acid. The invention resists discoloration which is believed to be caused by the mobility of organic based chromophoric molecules within the wood which migrate toward the surface of the wood. Among uses of the invention, it is particularly helpful in effecting resistance to discoloration of wood being treated with wood preservatives, stains and coatings. In another embodiment, ammonium pentaborate may be employed to resist discoloration.

Abstract: A dioxaborinane compound, or salt thereof, where boron has two oxy substituents, each independently substituted with H, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, —C(O)R3, —C(O)OR3, —C(O)NHR3, or the two oxy substituents, together with the oxygen atoms to which they are bonded, join to form a 5- or 6-membered ring; and R3 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl, where the alkyl and alkenyl are optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms; and where boron also has the substituent -L-X1—PG1; where L may be absent, or alkylenyl, alkenylenyl, or arylene, where the alkylenyl and alkenylenyl are optionally interrupted with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms; X1 is absent, or is amino, oxo, thio, or phosphino; and PG1 is a polymerizable group. The dioxaborinane compound can be used as a wood preservative.

Abstract: Preservation of cellulose based products, such as wood, may be accomplished in an environmentally friendly manner by esterification of the wood with rare saccharides, thereby rendering the wood unfavorable for microorganism based degradation.

Abstract: In order to prolong the usage of wood one needs to prevent the growth of rot and fungi. The most common substances used today are not environmentally friendly and they need to be replaced by more environmentally friendly options. Water glass or sodium silicate has been known for a long time having properties which give the wood resistance to rot and fungi and in addition also fire retardant properties. The present invention discloses a method for treatment of wood to improve the flame retardant properties and also the resistance to rot, fungus, mold and insects of a wooden material. The wood treatment method of the invention comprises the steps of providing a wooden material and providing water based formulation which is stable in room temperature or in temperatures ranging from 15-35° C.

Abstract: A composite wood product containing acetylated wood elements characterised by an average value in thickness swelling not exceeding 5% after subjection to 25 wet-dry/freeze-thaw cycles as described in Table II. Alternative characterisations include moduli of elasticity and rupture, and bending strength. A two stage process for the acetylation of wood elements is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of protecting wood or other celiulosic material from decay by copper-tolerant fungi, and wood preservative formulations for use in the same. The wood preservative formulations comprise a biocidal metal compound, a 1,2,4-triazole and a didecyl quaternary ammonium cation. Didecyldimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds are particularly preferred.

Abstract: Metal nano articles were incorporated into wood. Ionic liquids were used to expand the wood cell wall structure for nanoparticle incorporation into the cell wall structure. Nanoparticles of elemental gold or silver were found to be effective surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) imaging contrast or sensing agents. Nanoparticles of elemental iron were found to be efficient microwave absorbers and caused localized heating for disrupting the integrity of the lignocellulosic matrix. Controls suggest that the localized beating around the iron nanoparticles reduces losses of cellulose in the form of water volatiles and CO2. The ionic liquid is needed during the incorporation process at room temperature. The use of small amounts of ionic liquid combined with the absence of an ionic liquid purification step and a lower energy and water use are expected to reduce costs in an up-scaled pretreatment process.

Abstract: Embodiments include luminescent materials and associated production methods. The material includes a crystal borate having a first substitutable element and a second substitutable element, one or more rare earth ions substituted for the first substitutable element, and chromium substituted for the second substitutable element. The one or more rare earth ions are selected from a group consisting of neodymium and ytterbium. The material also may include a medium within which particles of the borate are incorporated. The medium, with the luminescent material particles, may form a security feature of an article. Embodiments of methods for identifying whether such a luminescent material is incorporated with an article include exposing a portion of the article to excitation in a chromium absorption band, and determining whether a detected emission produced by the article as a result of the excitation indicates an ytterbium emission after termination of the exposing step.

Abstract: Inorganic-organic composite articles and methods for producing them using inorganic acidic/alkaline precursor components as inorganic adhesives is provided. Articles prepared therefrom provide improved flexibility, zero flame spread, no release of volatile organic compounds, and low carbon foot print.

Abstract: Methods for rendering a cellulosic substrate hydrophobic include providing a plurality of halosilane compounds comprising at least a first halosilane compound and a second halosilane compound different from the first halosilane compound, wherein the plurality of halosilane compounds comprises a total halosilane concentration comprising 20 mole percent or less of monohalosilanes, 70 mole percent or less of monohalosilanes and dihalosilanes and at least 30 percent of trihalosilanes and tetrahalosilanes, and, treating the cellulosic substrate with the plurality of halosilane compounds, wherein the plurality of halosilane compounds are applied as one or more liquids.

Abstract: An oil-borne wood preservative composition for treating poles, posts, piling, cross ties and other wooden structures. The wood preservative composition comprises a fatty acid, bivalent copper, an organic co-biocide and an oil. Methods of producing the composition and methods of treating wood are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is process of preserving hardwoods with ammoniacal copper, ammoniacal zinc or ammoniacal copper and zinc compounds. The preserved hardwoods are usable as various articles of manufacture and, in particular, railroad crossties and switch ties.

Abstract: A method of preserving a cellulosic material are provided. The method includes contacting the cellulosic material with a paraben-containing monomer and polymerizing the paraben-containing monomer. Articles including a cellulosic material and at least one polymer which includes paraben moieties are also provided.

Abstract: The present application relates to methods of pre-treating wood, methods of drying wood, and methods of preserving wood. The methods include providing untreated wood, and applying an ionic liquid to the untreated wood. The methods also can include drying the wood after applying the ionic liquid to the wood. The methods also can include applying a preservative to the wood. Also provided herein are wood products produced by the methods provided herein.