Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a copper layer, a nickel layer, a chrome layer, a refractory metal layer, preferably zirconium layer, a sandwich layer comprised of alternating layers of a refractory metal compound and a refractory metal, a refractory metal compound layer, preferably zirconium nitride layer, and a refractory metal oxide layer or a layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion protection, corrosion protection, and improved acid resistance.

Abstract: An article is coated with a multi-layer coating comprising a nickel layer, a chrome layer, a refractory metal layer, preferably zirconium layer, a sandwich layer comprised of a plurality of alternating layers of a refractory metal compound and a refractory metal compound layer, preferably zirconium nitride layer, and a refractory metal oxide layer or a layer comprised of the reaction products of refractory metal, oxygen and nitrogen. The coating provides the color of polished brass to the article and also provides abrasion protection, corrosion protection, and improved acid resistance.

Abstract: A silicon dioxide passivation film highly resistant to humidity is formed to prevent the deterioration of the magnetic effects, to increase the resistance variation rate and to reduce the internal stresses of the ferromagnetic metal film of the MR element. After forming the ferromagnetic metal film, the silicon dioxide film is formed by a TEOS-O.sub.3 -based atmospheric pressure CVD method in a state where the substrate temperature is kept at or below 350.degree. C. The silicon dioxide film is not doped with phosphorus and sits thickness is kept within 1 .mu.m. On the other hand, apart from the above-described structure, the silicon dioxide film may as well consist of two layers, one doped with and the other not doped with phosphorus. Another method used to form the silicon dioxide film is an HMDS-O.sub.3 -based atmospheric pressure CVD method. As film formation is thereby possible at a substrate temperature of not more than 300.degree. C.

Abstract: A non-magnetic substrate, a Cu layer having a film thickness ranging from 0.5 to 10 nm, a Cr layer having a film thickness of 100 nm or less, a magnetic layer made of CoCrPt alloy in which a percentage content of Cr ranges from 12 atoms % to 20 atoms % and a percentage content of Pt ranges from 4 atoms % to 18 atoms %, a protective layer and a lubricating layer are arranged in that order to form a magnetic recording medium. Because the Cu layer is sufficiently thinned, a medium noise is sufficiently reduced, and a medium S/N ratio is sufficiently heightened. Because the film thickness of the Cr layer is 100 nm or less, the medium noise is reduced. Because the composition of CoCrPt alloy is limited in the magnetic layer, the medium S/N ratio is heightened. In addition, it is preferred that another Cu layer having a film thickness ranging from 0.5 to 10 nm be inserted into the magnetic layer to divide the magnetic layer into two layers.

Abstract: Disclosed are magnetic recording media comprising, on a substrate, two or more CrPt based magnetic layers and one or more CrMo based non-magnetic spacer layers between the magnetic layers and processes for preparation thereof. The magnetic recording media of the present invention include magnetic tapes and magnetic disks. The magnetic recording media are capable of suppressing noise generation upon reproducing recorded signals by employing magnetic layers having a small thickness. The magnetic recorders utilizing the above magnetic recording media are also disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetic recording media with a magnetic film made from at least two layers stacked via a non-magnetic intermediate layer, wherein the magnetic film is formed on a structure control underlayer situated on a non-magnetic substrate. A magnetic recording system is also disclosed which includes this magnetic recording media and a magnetic recording head for recording on and reading back from the magnetic recording media. The system further includes a disk drive system, which generates relative motion between the magnetic recording media and the magnetic recording head, and an actuator which determines an appropriate location, on the magnetic recording media, over which the head should be located.

Abstract: Pt/Co multilayer systems having a thin metal interlayer possess superior room temperature coercivity, a square polar Kerr hysteresis loop, sufficient polar Kerr rotation, and are suitable for magneto-optical recording. These materials systems allow the reading and writing of information from the substrate side of the multilayer film.

Abstract: An assembly substrate includes a substrate (11, 31, 41), a composite layer (12, 32, 42) overlying the substrate (11, 31, 41), and an electrically conductive layer (13, 33, 43) overlying the composite layer (12, 32, 42). The composite layer (12, 32, 42) includes a first material having an as-deposited tetragonal crystal structure and a second material. The second material in the composite layer (12, 32, 42) reduces the susceptibility of the composite layer (12, 32, 42) to fracture under stress.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved multi-layer magnetic recording media and magnetoresistive drive systems incorporating the same. In particular, multi-layer media including alternating layers of cobalt or cobalt alloys and a precious metal, such as palladium or platinum, and a process to manufacture such media, are disclosed. Media in accordance with the invention generally include a substrate, a nucleating layer, a lattice, and a protective layer. In certain embodiments, the substrate is polished aluminum. In other embodiments, the thickness of the nucleating layer is thicker than 100 .ANG., and in certain embodiments between about 200 and about 600 .ANG.. The lattice, generally includes bilayers of cobalt (or an alloy thereof) and palladium or platinum. The thickness of the cobalt layers are between about 1.5 .ANG. and 10 .ANG., or between about 2 .ANG. and 7 .ANG., or between about 3 .ANG. and 5 .ANG.. The thickness of the palladium or platinum layers are between about 5 .ANG. and 15 .ANG.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect element includes a non-magnetic substrate, a ferromagnetic dispersion layer or a ferromagnetic layer, and a non-magnetic metal film. The ferromagnetic dispersion layer is a layer of a ferromagnetic metal or alloy that is independently and dispersedly formed on the substrate. The alternative ferromagnetic layer is a layer of a ferromagnetic metal or alloy that is formed on the substrate with a textured surface. The non-magnetic metal film is made of at least one atomic element having a non-soluble relation with the ferromagnetic metal or alloy, and is formed on the non-magnetic substrate and the ferromagnetic dispersion layer or the ferromagnetic layer.

Abstract: A low-noise, thin-film magnetic recording medium, and method of making the same, are disclosed. The medium has a multilayer magnetic-film construction, where the individual magnetic-film layers are isolated by a thin ferromagnetic film. The ferromagnetic layer is effective to reduce the medium noise and increase medium signal-to-noise ratio at least as much as a Cr isolation having the same isolation-layer thickness, but with substantially less reduction in overwrite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilayer material useful as an anti-erosion and anti-abrasion coating, and to a process for producing the multilayer material at low temperatures. The multilayer material comprises a substrate covered with at least one metallic tungsten ductile layer and at least one hard layer of a solid solution of an additional element chosen from carbon or nitrogen or a mixture of carbon and nitrogen in tungsten or a tungsten alloy, the two types of layers ar alternating. The multilayer material is particularly useful as a coating for parts used in aeronautics.

Abstract: A multi-layer magnetic material (10) has magnetic vectors (21,22) that point along a length (27) of the material (10). Opposing magnetic fields cause the vectors to snap past the perpendicular position with a rapid change in the resistance of the material. The material is used as a memory cell (37,38,39,41) of a memory (36).

Abstract: A materials system in which exchange coupling is achievable has the potential for allowing direct overwriting of data and comprises at least two multilayer films of platinum and cobalt with independently controlled coercivity and Curie temperatures.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect element comprises the multilayer formed by alternately stacking magnetic and nonmagnetic layers. The magnetic layers containing three magnetic elements of Fe, Co and Ni. Any two magnetic layers adjacent to each other with one of the nonmagnetic layer interposed therebetween are antiferromagnetically coupled under a condition where a magnetic field is not substantially applied thereto.

Abstract: A magneto optical disc, is provided with: a record layer to which information is recorded in a perpendicular magnetization condition; a switch layer, which perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is reduced at a room temperature and is increased at a temperature close to a predetermined reproduction temperature; and a reproduction layer opposed to the record layer through the switch layer to have a switched connection with the record layer by the switch layer.

Abstract: The magneto-optical recording medium is provided with a readout layer which shows the in-plane magnetization and which changes from the in-plane magnetization to the vertical magnetization when its temperature rises higher than a predetermined temperature by irradiation of the light beam, a memory layer which records information thereon magneto-optically, an intermediate layer which keeps in-plane magnetization from room temperatures to its Curie temperature, and an writing layer which has a Curie temperature higher than that of the memory layer and has coercive force lower than that of the memory layer. Since the intermediate layer becomes a domain wall in optical modulation recording, it prevents the memory layer and the writing layer from forming a domain wall, so information can be recorded in good condition. Moreover, a portion of the readout layer besides a center portion of the light beam shows the in-plane magnetization and masks the memory layer at playback.

Abstract: A superalloy turbine blade (10) has a MCrA1Y bond coating (22) and a thermal barrier coating (24). The thermal barrier coating (24) comprises a plurality of alternate layers (25, 27) which have different structure to produce a plurality of interfaces (26) substantially parallel to the metallic substrate (20)/bond coating (22) interface. These interfaces (26) provide paths of increased resistance to heat transfer to reduce the thermal conductivity of the thermal barrier coating (24). The structure in the alternate layers (25, 27) of the thermal barrier coating (24) is columnar (28), or segmented, to ensure that the strain tolerance of the thermal barrier coating (24) is not impaired. The columnar grains (28) in the layers (25, 27) extend substantially perpendicular to the metallic substrate (20)/bond coating (22) interface. This enables thermal barrier coatings (24) of reduced thickness and weight to be used.

Abstract: A magnetic material of at least two component parts arranged to have respective structures which mutually are not homogenous, the structure of one part cooperating with the structure of the other to assist the magnetostrictive behaviour of the material. The cooperation can be the structure of one part altering the atomic spacing of the other part. The alteration can be an increase from the usual atomic spacing. There can be contiguous component parts and the cooperation can be a pseudo free surface on at least one part or a reduced restriction of the local moment otherwise achieved by the contiguous component parts. A component can be at least partly an alloy and the alloy can have a ratio other than the usual one for the alloy. One of the components can be non-magnetic.

Abstract: A ceramic substrate has a five-layered thin metallic film thereon. The first layer is Ti, Zr, Cr and/or W; the second layer is Ni and/or Mo; the third layer is one or more metals of group Ib in the periodic table; the fourth layer contains the same metals as the second layer and the fifth layer contains the same metals as the third layer.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive layered structure having a pair of magnetoresistive, anisotropic ferromagnetic thin-films separated by an intermediate layer on a substrate of less than 50 .ANG. thickness formed of a substantially nonmagnetic, conductive alloy having two immiscible components therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetoresistive thin-film, which a (110) oriented epitaxial buffer layer 2 made of a body-centered cubic crystalline metal or alloy is formed on a single crystalline substrate 1, thereon with layer a (110) oriented epitaxial Fe/Cr superlattice film on which Fe layers 3 and Cr layers 4 alternately are epitaxially grown, the Fe/Cr superlattice having a structure in which staircase facets which have ridge lines to the <100> direction at (110) surface and have {100} side surfaces stand side by side to the <110> direction. The dispersion of the widths of the staircase facets falls within .+-.50%. Also disclosed is a magnetoresistive device which is provided with the above magnetoresistive thin-film and a means for applying a magnetic field parallel to the ridge lines of the staircase facets to the thin-film.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect element comprises the multilayer formed by alternately stacking magnetic and nonmagnetic layers. The magnetic layers containing at least two magnetic elements selected from a group of magnetic elements consisting of Fe, Co and Ni. Any two magnetic layers adjacent to each other with one of the nonmagnetic layer interposed therebetween are antiferro-magnetically coupled under a condition where a magnetic field is not substantially applied thereto.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive layered structure having on a substrate two or more magnetoresistive, anisotropic ferromagnetic thin-films each two of which are separated by an intermediate layer on a substrate of less than 50 .ANG. thickness formed of a substantially nonmagnetic, conductive alloy having two immiscible components therein. A further component to provide temperature stability in some circumstances is to be at least partially miscible in the first two components. Such structures can be formed as a sensor by having them electrically connected together with one positioned in a gap between magnetic material masses and one shielded by one of such masses.

Abstract: Currently, fiber/metal laminate sheets are limited in width due to restrictions in the width of thin metal sheets available. This invention solves that problem by providing an integral splice concept and a method for manufacturing a laminate employing the inventive concept. Specifically, a fiber/metal laminate sheet is provided having at least two metal plies and at least one fiber layer. Each of the metal plies comprises at least two metal sheets which are arranged side-by-side and have sheet metal breaks therebetween. All of the sheet metal breaks lie within the integral splice. An important feature of the invention is that the sheet metal breaks in each metal ply are staggered widthwise across the laminate with respect to the sheet metal breaks in the remaining metal plies, in accordance with a predetermined metal break staggering pattern, thereby maximizing the bond engagement of the discontinuous metal plies with the adjacent fiber layers.

Abstract: A magnetooptic medium which includes a substrate, an amorphous seed layer and a recording multilayer layer. The seed layer is ITO, Si or SiC, and the recording multilayer includes alternating layers of cobalt/platinum or cobalt/palladium or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A magnetooptic medium which includes a substrate and a seed layer having at least two layers including a first layer of amorphous ZTO or ITO formed on the substrate and a metal layer formed on the first layer and a recording multilayer structure deposited on the seed layer.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium is composed of first through fourth magnetic layers laminated in this order in such a way that an exchange coupling exists between any adjacent layers of the first through fourth magnetic layers so that a magnetization direction can be copied, wherein the first magnetic layer is a memory layer, the second magnetic layer is a writing layer, the third magnetic layer is a switching layer, and the fourth magnetic layer is an initializing layer. Further, respective Curie temperatures Tci satisfy an inequation Tc.sub.3 <Tc.sub.1 <Tc.sub.2, Tc.sub.4 (i=1, 2, 3, or 4 indicating an ordinal number of the magnetic layers); and the second magnetic layer exhibits an in-plane magnetization at room temperature, whereas, exhibits a perpendicular magnetization above a predetermined temperature set between the room temperature and Tc.sub.3 temperature.

Abstract: A silicon-enriched aluminide coating for a superalloy article has a composite microstructure including a plurality of bands of silicon rich phases (S.sub.1, S.sub.2, S.sub.3) and a plurality of bands of aluminum rich phases (A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3), these bands being spaced apart through the thickness of the coating. The composite microstructure is created by depositing a slurry containing both silicon and aluminum in elemental or pre-alloyed form on the article and heating the coated article above the melting temperature of aluminum to cure the coating, the depositing and curing steps being repeated at least once before diffusion heat treating the resulting layers. Thereupon, all the above process steps are repeated at least once.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multilayer material more particularly intended for producing an anti-erosion and anti-abrasion coating, as well as the process for producing this multilayer material. The aim of the invention is to produce a material which has a greater resistance and which can be deposited at low temperatures. This aim is achieved with the aid of a multilayer material, which is characterized in that it comprises a substrate covered with at least one metallic tungsten ductile layer and at least one hard layer of a solid solution of an additional element chosen from among carbon or nitrogen or a mixture of carbon and nitrogen in tungsten or a tungsten alloy, the two types of layers are alternating. The invention more particularly relates to the production of a coating for parts used in aeronautics.

Abstract: Disclosed is an artificial multilayer in which ferromagnetic layers and nonmagnetic layers are alternatively laminated, wherein a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is introduced into the ferromagnetic layers in a predetermined direction, thereby controlling the gradient of the relative change of resistivity to the change of external magnetic field. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is introduced into the ferromagnetic layers by applying a magnetic field along the surface of ferromagnetic layers during the formation thereof.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect element comprises the multilayer formed by alternately stacking magnetic and nonmagnetic layers. The magnetic layers containing at least two magnetic elements selected from a group of magnetic elements consisting of Fe, Co and Ni. Any two magnetic layers adjacent to each other with one of the nonmagnetic layer interposed therebetween are antiferromagnetically coupled under a condition where a magnetic field is not substantially applied thereto.

Abstract: A soft magnetic multilayer film is manufactured by an electroplating process using an electrolyte containing metal ions. The soft magnetic multilayer film includes soft magnetic layers composed of elements, and deteriorated-soft magnetic layers composed of the same elements and alternating with the soft magnetic layers. The soft magnetic layers are preferably different in composition from the deteriorated-soft magnetic layers. In addition, it is preferable that the metal ions contained in the electrolyte include at least two of Ni ion, Co ion, and Fe ion.

Abstract: Layers of zirconium oxide and another ceramic, such as alumina or silicon carbide, are sequentially deposited on a support to form a nanolaminate containing a thin layer of polycrystalline metastable tetragonal zirconia deposited on the support. A process for making a nanolaminate material of the invention is carried out by sputter deposition. Zirconia is deposited on the chosen support by vacuum sputter deposition under conditions effective to form a thin layer of polycrystalline, metastable tetragonal zirconia on the support. A hard ceramic such as alumina is then deposited on the support by vacuum sputter deposition under conditions effective to form a thin layer of hard ceramic superposed on the zirconia layer.

Abstract: A magnetoresistance film has an artificial lattice film structure having alternating conductive and magnetic layers. The anisotropic magnetic field H.sub.k of the magnetic layers and the anti-ferromagnetic coupling magnetic field H.sub.s between the magnetic layers which face each other through the conductive layers satisfy the relationship H.sub.k <H.sub.s. The conductive layers contain 0.05 to 5 atomic % of at least one material selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, and nickel. The thickness d of each conductive layer is selected in the range of 1.02.times.d.sub.max .ltoreq.d.ltoreq.1.10.times.d.sub.max or 0.90.times.d.sub.max .ltoreq.d.ltoreq.0.98.times.d.sub.max. The magnetoresistance is exhibited substantially isotropically in the plane of the layers. The magnetoresistance film has large magnetoresistance prevented from being reduced due to the anisotropy of the magnetic layers, a high sensitivity, and keeps its large magnetoresistance stably.

Abstract: A laminated metal composite of low flow stress layers and high flow stress layers is described which is formed using flow constraining elements, preferably in the shape of rings, individually placed around each of the low flow stress layers while pressure is applied to the stack to bond the layers of the composite together, to thereby restrain the flow of the low flow stress layers from the stack during the bonding. The laminated metal composite of the invention is made by the steps of forming a stack of alternate layers of low flow stress layers and high flow stress layers with each layer of low flow stress material surrounded by an individual flow constraining element, such as a ring, and then applying pressure to the top and bottom surfaces of the resulting stack to bond the dissimilar layers together, for example, by compression rolling the stack.

Abstract: A magnetooptic medium which includes a substrate, a crystalline seed layer of ZnO, and a recording multilayer layer. The seed layer is ZnO, and the recording multilayer includes alternating layers of cobalt/platinum or cobalt/palladium or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium comprises a base film having a certain crystal plane oriented in parallel to a substrate and a recording film formed on the base film. The recording film is composed of plural pairs of Mn alloy group magnetic thin film layer having a C-axis-oriented crystalline magnetic anisotropy and a nonmagnetic thin film layer having an interatomic spacing approximate to that of the base film, alternately laminated each other, so that the Mn alloy group magnetic film having a C-axis-oriented crystalline magnetic anisotropy is epitaxially grown on the substrate at a low temperature through the base film with high thermal stability and great magneto-optical effect.

Abstract: A magnetooptic recording medium comprises a substrate and a recording layer which is provided on the substrate and is formed by periodically laminating a plurality of fundamental units. Each of the fundamental units comprises a first layer made of Co, a second layer made of a material selected from Pt, Pd, and Pt-Pd alloy, a third layer made of Co, and a fourth layer made of at least one kind of element selected from Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er.

Abstract: A magnetic multilayer is an alternate stack of a plurality of magnetic thin films containing Fe, Co or Ni and a plurality of Ag thin film. Both the films are formed by molecular beam epitaxy to a thickness of 2 to 60 .ANG.. The multilayer has an axis of easy magnetization in a plane parallel to the surface and an in-plane squareness ratio of 0.5 or lower and exhibits antiferromagnetism. The multilayer shows giant magnetoresistance change in low magnetic fields, for example, a magnetoresistance change of 1 to 40% in a magnetic field of 0.01 to 20 kOe.

Abstract: Substantially improved resistance to sea water corrosion along with adequate hydrophilicity and retention or even improvement of hydrophilicity after exposure to high temperature can be provided on a metal substrate, particularly an aluminum alloy of the type used for heat exchanger fins, by an aqueous liquid hydrophilicizing treatment composition containing poly{alkylene imine} and alkali metal silicae, and, optionally, polyether polyols. The hydrophilicizing treatment is preferably applied over a conventional conversion coating, particularly a chromium phosphate or chromium oxide conversion coating.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant Al or Al alloy material on the surface of which multi-layer deposits for improved corrosion resistance. The deposits are obtained by laminating more than five layers of unit periodic layers with a thickness of 100 .ANG. or less in which two, or three or more layers of unit deposits, comprised of specific elements, are laminated. Such multi-layer structure can prevent water, chloride and other corrosion accelerating substances from passing through the deposits and reaching the surface of the base material, thus effectively preventing the corrosion of Al or Al alloy.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic film which comprises ferromagnetic metal in which an oxide phase is present, a method for producing it, and a magnetic head in which said ferromagnetic film is used are disclosed. The ferromagnetic metal includes iron and cobalt and the oxide phase contains preferably at least one element selected from IVa, Va and VIa group elements.

Abstract: Magnetoresistive material exhibiting a large ratio of resistance on the application of a low magnetic field applied at room temperature to the material. The material is composed of layers made primarily from Co with a thickness of 10-100.ANG., a second magnetic layer having a thickness of 10-100.ANG., both of which layers are alternately laminated through a non-magnetic layer composed mainly of copper having a thickness of about 20.ANG..

Abstract: A process for the production of a composition modulated alloy having a predetermined concentration is disclosed, in which alternating layers of at least two metals are successively deposited upon a substrate by electrodeposition, vacuum deposition, vapor deposition, or sputtering. The individual thicknesses of at least one metal's layers are varied in a predetermined manner. Pulsed galvanostatic electrodeposition using a tailored waveform is preferred. A copper-nickel concentration graded alloy is disclosed. Concentration graded alloys of predetermined concentration having at least one region of local homogeneity are also disclosed. The region of local homogeneity has a thickness corresponding to the thickness of two adjacent layers of different metals which have been diffusion annealed together. A pulsed electrodeposition/diffusion anneal process for production of such alloys is also disclosed.

Abstract: We have found a way to, e.g., substantially increase the number of layers in a pseudomorphic strained layer semiconductor mirror over the number obtainable in an analogous conventional mirror, making it possible to obtain pseudomorphic strained layer mirrors of increased reflectance. Such a pseudomorphic mirror consists of alternating layers of a first and a second semiconductor material (e.g., Ge.sub.x Si.sub.1-x /Si), of thickness t.sub.1 and t.sub.2, and refractive index n.sub.1 and n.sub.2, respectively, with the number of layer pairs chosen such that the mirror thickness is less than or equal to the "critical thickness" L.sub.c. For thicknesses >L.sub.c the mirror will contain dislocations.An article according to the invention comprises a mirror whose layer thicknesses are chosen such that n.sub.1 t.sub.1 .noteq.n.sub.2 t.sub.2, with n.sub.1 t.sub.1 +n.sub.2 t.sub.2 =p.lambda./2, (p being an odd integer, typically 1). In other words, the optical thickness of the layers is not the conventional p.

Abstract: The invention relates to a soft magnetic multilayer film which comprises a number of crystalline main layers and a number of amorphous secondary layers, the main layer substantially exclusively comprising iron as the magnetic constituent, and the secondary layer comprising mainly iron as the magnetic constituent. Such multilayer films exhibit a relatively low magnetostriction constant which is almost not influenced by temperature treatments. Such films are very suitable for use in magnetic heads.

Abstract: Artifical pinning centers are provided in normal metal layers adjacent to a type II superconductor layer produced by reacting two normal metal layers. The transverse thicknesses of the final superconductor and normal metal layers are less than about 1000 A.degree.. Planar layers of metal which are to provide a multilayer wire whose layers are parallel. A plurality of the multilayer wires are combined to produce a multifilament superconductor, the layers in all the individual wires being parallel to each other.

Abstract: Layers of copper and Invar are cold pressure rolled with reduction in thickness to be metallurgically bonded together in interleaved relation, and strips of the bonded materials are cold pressure rolled together a plurality of times with reduction in thickness to be metallurgically bonded together to form a metal composite and to break up the layers of Invar in the composite, thereby to distribute portions of the Invar material in a copper matrix to limit thermal expansion of the composite while permitting the matrix to extend in continuous phase along three mutually perpendicular axes through the composite substantially free of diffusion between the copper and Invar materials.

Abstract: An erosion and corrosion resistant coating is formed of a plurality of alternating layers of metallic and ceramic materials. The two materials selected for the layers have complementary wear resistant characteristics, such that one is relatively ductile and the other is relatively brittle. The concentration of the two materials at the interface between adjacent layers is graded to improve the adhesion of the layers and to provide a more unified coating. Preferably radio-frequency sputtering is employed to deposit the coating, since it does not produce excessive heating which could negate any prior heat treatment of the substrate onto which the coating is deposited.