Abstract: A near netshape carbon preform is provided comprising a woven fabric of a plurality of carbon yarns, said woven fabric having a helical shape and an adjustable fiber orientation distribution, said woven fabric being laid down, turn by turn, into a near net shape preform, and each layer of said fabric being needled to produce a near net shape preform with increased interlaminar strength and an adjustable fiber orientation distribution. A method for manufacturing a near net shape carbon preform with a polar woven substrate is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of high temperature composites made by the chemical vapor infiltration and deposition of a binding matrix within a porous structure. More particularly, the invention relates to pressure gradient processes for forcing infiltration of a reactant gas into a porous structure, apparatus for carrying out those processes, and the resulting products. The invention is particularly suited for the simultaneous CVI/CVD processing of large quantities (hundreds) of aircraft brake disks.

Abstract: An Nb.sub.3 Al multi-filamentary superconducting wire capable of realizing both stabilization of a superconducting state and increase in capacity is provided. The Nb.sub.3 Al multi-filamentary superconducting wire includes a core formed of copper or copper alloy and located at the center of the wire; a multi-filamentary superconductor layer located around the core and having filaments containing Nb and Al as constituent elements embedded in a matrix formed of copper or copper alloy; and a high resistance layer located around the multi-filamentary superconductor layer, and is characterized in that a sectional area of the core is at least 15% of the total sectional area of the core and the matrix and that the core and the matrix are formed of copper or copper alloy of at least 99.9% purity.

Abstract: A metal coating of typically a valve metal, especially a titanium metal coating, is applied by thermal spraying to the surface of concrete, most particularly steel-reinforced concrete. The metal such as titanium may be sprayed by any one of several thermal spraying techniques including flame spray, electric-arc spray, plasma spray, high-velocity oxyfuel spray, or detonation gun spray. The metal coating should be tightly adhered to the concrete and desirably will have a porosity to facilitate extensive coating of the metal itself, as well as facilitate any activation that may be needed for the metal. Such activation can be in the form of an electrochemically active material which allows the coating to function in electrochemically active form. One coating option is to apply a solution onto the spray-applied metal, then polarize the metal anodically to effect deposition of active material on the metal.

Abstract: The cladding material 10 comprises an Fe-based metal substrate 1 consisting of Fe or an Fe-alloy, a Ni-based metal layer 2 placed on the Fe-based metal substrate 1 and a metal mesh 3 placed on the Ni-based metal layer 2 in opposition to the Fe-based metal substrate 1 with the Ni-based metal layer 2 inbetween. Furthermore, a corrosion resistant metal lining 4 is placed in contact with the metal mesh 3 in opposition to the Ni-based metal layer 2 with the metal mesh 3 inbetween. The Fe-based metal substrate 1, the Ni-based metal layer 2, the metal mesh 3 and the metal lining 4 are bonded together by seam welded portion 8, which is provided in a planer or a linear form by using roller electrodes 6. The metal lining 4 consists of a metal whose main component is the one selected from Ti, Zr, Nb, Ta and Ni, or consisting of a stainless steel.

Abstract: Porous metal compacts suitable for use as electrodes are formed through the reduction of a metal billet consisting of multiple filaments of an appropriate valve metal, preferably tantalum, contained within, and spaced apart by, a ductile metal, preferably copper. The filaments are elongated and substantially parallel within the billet. The array of valve metal filaments within the billet is surrounded by a continuous layer of valve metal. This metal is preferably, but not necessarily, the same as that which forms the filaments. The valve metal layer preferably completely surrounds the filament array circumferentially and runs the full length of the filaments. The layer is separated from the array by the same ductile metal that serves to separate the filaments from each other. This same ductile metal forms the surface of the billet, preventing exposure of the valve metal layer.

Abstract: An improved reinforced friction material is comprised of a cured friction material mixture of friction particles, filler particles, and binder particles, and has a embedded honeycomb core reinforcement whose individual cells are filled with and bonded at the cell walls to the cured friction material mixture by a novel manufacturing method.

Abstract: A multilayer composite tubular structure for use as a stent in surgical procedures has an outer layer of biocompatible material, a middle layer of radiopaque material, and an inner layer of biocompatible material. The layers are metallurgically bonded, to form a composite stent which is ductile and permits large deformation without delamination between the biocompatible and radiopaque layers. The composite structure formed is visible on a fluoroscope, yet does not obstruct the details of the stent itself, or of the anatomical features surrounding the stent.A process of forming a multilayer composite tubular structure is also disclosed. A tube formed from radiopaque material is coaxially surrounded by a tube of biocompatible material. The tubes are simultaneously reduced, such as by tube drawing, swaging, or deep drawing, until a composite structure of a desirable diameter and wall thickness is formed. The tubes are then heat treated to cause diffusion bonding of the biocompatible and radiopaque layers.

Abstract: A magnetic recording media with a magnetic film made from at least two layers stacked via a non-magnetic intermediate layer, wherein the magnetic film is formed on a structure control underlayer situated on a non-magnetic substrate. A magnetic recording system is also disclosed which includes this magnetic recording media and a magnetic recording head for recording on and reading back from the magnetic recording media. The system further includes a disk drive system, which generates relative motion between the magnetic recording media and the magnetic recording head, and an actuator which determines an appropriate location, on the magnetic recording media, over which the head should be located.

Abstract: A method for forming a wrought product from a starting metal such as tantalum, niobium, and alloys thereof. A consumable electrode is coated with at least a first alloy layer by means which provide for uniform thickness. Sufficient power is applied to the electrode body to induce arcing to cause the starting metal and alloy layers to melt and pool in a crucible. The uniform layer on the electrode body provides a means for delivering minute quantities of alloy into a larger quantity of starting metal and facilitates a uniform and consistent arc which promotes mixing of the alloy and starting material in the crucible. The electrode body is consumed at an improved rate without an associated decrease in the final ingot yield weight. The pooled metal is allowed to solidify into an ingot. The ingot is then formed into a wrought product.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is provided with a structured nucleation layer. The structured nucleation layer comprises a fine-grained seed layer and an intermediate layer. The seed layer (e.g., NiAl, Ti, Cr--Cu, etc.) serves as a template for fine grained-growth of the intermediate layer. The intermediate (e.g., Cr, etc.) layer has preferred crystal textures and an appropriate lattice match to a subsequently deposited magnetic recording layer to allow epitaxial growth of the magnetic recording layer. The intermediate layer provides morphology and orientation to the magnetic recording layer. The magnetic recording layer (e.g., Co-alloy) includes a material which segregates to the alloy grain boundaries to isolate the grains thereof. Each grain of the magnetic recording layer is predominantly a single crystal of small size and uniformly spaced from adjacent grains. The easy axis of the magnetic recording material is predominantly in the plane of the disk, with a random in-plane orientation.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium having low medium noise and suitable for high density magnetic recording is produced with a bicrystal cluster magnetic layer on a glass or glass-ceramic substrate. An underlayer which is formed with a (200) crystallographic orientation induces the formation of a bicrystal cluster microstructure in a magnetic alloy layer epitaxially grown on the underlayer.

Abstract: A method for joining rhenium to columbium and columbium based alloys that minimizes the formation of brittle intermetallics. First, a layer of ruthenium is applied to both the rhenium and columbium and then heated until the ruthenium diffuses with the rhenium and columbium respectively. A braze foil is place between the two outer ruthenium layers and the assembly is heated in a range of 50.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. above the liquidus of the braze, thereby joining the rhenium to the columbium. Alternatively, the ruthenium coated surfaces are placed in contact and diffused together under a compressive load of at least 1000 psi.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprises a substrate and a magnetic layer provided on the substrate, and has a surface profile satisfying the following conditions (1) to (6):(1) the number of peaks which project above a slice line at a depth of 25 .ANG. from the maximum peak height (PC25) is 5 to 100/mm;(2) the ratio of the number of peaks which project above a slice line at a depth of 50 .ANG. from the maximum peak height (PC50) to PC25 (PC50/PC25) is 1 to 3;(3) the ratio of a high spot count (HSC) at the center line to PC25 (HSC/PC25) is 1 to 4;(4) the skewness is 1 to 5;(5) the maximum peak height is 60 to 200 .ANG.; and(6) the bearing ratio at a depth of 50 .ANG. from the maximum peak height is not more than 3%.

Abstract: A ceramic circuit board is characterized by being constituted by bonding a ceramic substrate 2 and a metal circuit plate 3 to each other through a silver-copper-based brazing material layer 5 containing at least one active metal selected from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb and Ta, and wherein the Vickers hardness of a reaction product layer 6 generated by causing the silver-copper-based brazing material layer 5 and the ceramic substrate 2 to react with each other is 1,100 or more. At least one element selected from In, Zn, Cd, and Sn is preferably contained in the silver-copper-based brazing material layer 5. Further, 0.1 to 10.0 wt % of carbon powder is preferably contained in the brazing material layer 5. According to the above arrangement, there can be provided a ceramic circuit board in which cracks are effectively suppressed from being formed even after a thermal cycle is repeatedly applied for a long period of time, i.e.

Abstract: A creep resistant article is provided which is dimensioned from a stock material consisting essentially of a plurality of layers of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene which has been densified. The expanded polytetrafluoroethylene exhibits remnants of a fibril and node structure. The article is resistant to creep at high temperatures and under high loads.

Abstract: The durability and reliability of a polymer layer/metal layer sensor structure is improved by the incorporation of a metal oxide, e.g., tantalum oxide (Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5), layer between the polymer, e.g., polyimide, and the metal, e.g., platinum. sensor element.

Abstract: A superconductive article is made from interconnected superconductive, metallic tapes. The tapes preferably are mechanically joined and electrically interconnected by a plurality of superconductive interconnections that extend between the tapes. The interconnections are formed by overlapping the edges of two tapes and forming a plurality of superconductive welds between the tapes in the overlapping regions. Articles of this invention may be formed from superconductive tapes made from Nb.sub.3 Sn having superconductive interconnections that also include Nb.sub.3 Sn.

Abstract: A composite metal membrane including a first metal layer of Group IVB met or Group VB metals, the first metal layer sandwiched between two layers of an oriented metal of palladium, platinum or alloys thereof is provided together with a process for the recovery of hydrogen from a gaseous mixture including contacting a hydrogen-containing gaseous mixture with a first side of a nonporous composite metal membrane including a first metal of Group IVB metals or Group VB metals, the first metal layer sandwiched between two layers of an oriented metal of palladium, platinum or alloys thereof, and, separating hydrogen from a second side of the nonporous composite metal membrane.

Abstract: An article of manufacture comprises a substrate and an optically black surface on the substrate and having an absorptivity of more than about 0.89 and an emissivity more than about 0.86. The surface comprises boron particles plasma spray applied to the substrate using a powder selected from the group consisting of crystalline boron having a particle size finer than about 200 mesh and amorphous boron.

Abstract: Si-Fe-Cr base coating alloys that significantly promote the oxidation resistance of niobium-base alloys and intermetallic materials when deposited and reaction bonded to the niobium-base material. The coating alloys are deposited and then reaction bonded to a niobium-base material to yield an oxidation-resistant coating comprising an interaction layer containing at least one oxidation-resistant Si-Fe-Nb-Cr intermetallic phase.

Abstract: A thermomagnetic printer of the in-plane magnetization system includes a magnetic recording layer made of Dy.sub.x Co.sub.(1-x) or Dy.sub.y Co.sub.(1-y) and a base layer made of Ti or Ta. Since the described arrangement enables the magnetic recording layer to be formed by the sputtering method or the electron beam evaporation method, and the like, the magnetic recording layer having a uniform thickness and properties in a large area can be formed without difficulties. In addition, by adopting the Ti layer or the Ta layer as the base layer, a reduction in a residual magnetization can be prevented even when the magnetic recording layer is made thicker, thereby increasing a magnetic attraction force.

Abstract: A sputtering target assembly composed of a sputtering target and a backing plate with or without an insert or inserts interposed therebetween as necessary characterized by having solid-phase bonded interface accompanied with no appreciable thermal diffusion layer and by said sputtering target substantially maintaining the quality characteristics including metallurgical characteristics and properties that the sputtering target had before it was bonded to the backing plate intact. The sputtering target assembly is obtained by solid-phase bonding the target and backing plate, with or without one or more insert sandwiched therebetween, at a low temperature and a low pressure under a vacuum. The solid-phase bonded interface gives reliable bonds of a bonded area percentage of 100% without non-bonded portions such as pores. The uniformity of microstructure and crystal orientation etc. of a target material is maintained intact with the suppression of crystal grain growth.

Abstract: A body compatible stent is formed of multiple filaments arranged in two sets of oppositely directed helical windings interwoven with one another in a braided configuration. Each of the filaments is a composite including a central core and a case surrounding the core. In the more preferred version, the core is formed of a radiopaque and relatively ductile material, e.g. tantalum or platinum. The outer case is formed of a relatively resilient material, e.g. a cobalt/chromium based alloy. Favorable mechanical characteristics of the stent are determined by the case, while the core enables in vivo imaging of the stent. The composite filaments are formed by a drawn filled tubing process in which the core is inserted into a tubular case of a diameter substantially more than the intended final filament diameter. The composite filament is cold-worked in several steps to reduce its diameter, and annealed between successive cold-working steps.

Abstract: Metal sheet product, more particularly food can stock and beer and beverage can tab, end and body stock, is treated with a lubricant made by blending a mixture consisting essentially of about 25-90 wt.% of: (i) an ester selected from the group consisting of: bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (or DOS), butyl stearate, and an acetylated, partially hydrogenated soybean oil; and (ii) about 10-75 wt.% of a blend consisting essentially of: (a) about 35-65 wt.% of a polyalphaolefin; and (b) about 65-35 wt.% of a microcrystalline wax; with a balance of incidental additives and impurities. With said composition applied thereon, in preferred average thicknesses between about 3-110 mg/ft.sup.2 for can tab stock and between about 3-35 mg/ft.sup.2 for can end and body stock, the invention produces prelubricated can stock in a suitable condition for conversion without further lubrication.

Abstract: An asbestos-free high performance clutch facing which exhibits a less decrease in the friction coefficient as well as a less wearing during long-term repeated cycles of loading at high temperatures is disclosed.The clutch facing is a disk-shaped clutch facing produced by molding a composition for a friction material with heating and under pressure, the composition comprising:15-50 parts by weight of (I) a binder composition comprising 95-30% by weight of (a) an aromatic hydrocarbon-formaldehyde resin-modified novolak type epoxy resin, and 5-70% by weight of a cyanate ester resin consisting essentially of (b) a polyfunctional cyanate ester, or a prepolymer of the cyanate ester, or (b) and (c) a monofunctional or polyfunctional maleimide;20-70 parts by weight of (II) a fibrous reinforcing substrate with a fiber diameter of 0.2 .mu.m or more;2-20 parts by weight of (III) a metallic fiber substrate with a fiber diameter of 10 .mu.m or more; and5-40 parts by weight of (IV) a friction wear regulator.

Abstract: Media according to the present invention is comprised of individual magnetic grains as small as 300 .ANG. or smaller in diameter, which are uniformly spaced apart by a distance between 5 and 50 .ANG. by a solid segregant. This media will typically exhibit coercivity and remanent coercivity squareness of at least 0.8 each, a switching field distribution of less than 0.2, and a coercivity of at least 1500 Oe (with a minimum required Pt content), while simultaneously providing the lowest media jitter noise for optimum magnetic performance. The media is deposited at a low partial pressure of water and in the presence of an optimum amount of contributant gas on a doped nucleation layer for grain growth control.

Abstract: A superconductive article is made from interwoven superconductive, metallic tapes. The interwoven tapes are electrically interconnected by a plurality of superconductive interconnections that extend between the interwoven tapes. Articles of the invention may be formed from tapes comprising superconductive Nb.sub.3 Sn having Nb.sub.3 Sn interconnections.

Abstract: A wet multidisk friction clutch is constructed of a plurality of driving friction disks connected to an input shaft and a plurality of driven friction disks connected to an output shaft and arranged alternately with said driving friction disks, whereby power is selectively transmitted by frictional engagement between said driving friction disks and said driven friction disks. Each of said driving friction disks comprises a metal core and friction linings applied on opposite sides of said metal core and is partly cut off in a radial direction to define end portions, thereby forming a partly-open annular shape.

Abstract: A method for bonding one body to another, such as a laser device to a submount, uses a metallic layer composed of a Group VB metal, such as niobium, sandwiched between a non-metallic layer and solder layer formed by an approximate Au-Sn eutectic layer. Advantageously the Group VB layer is formed at a submount temperature of less than approximately 201.degree. C., advantageously less than approximately 125.degree. C., and preferably less than approximately 101.degree. C.--advantageously to a thickness in the approximate range 0.05 .mu.m to 0.2 .mu.m, or even thinner if pinholes do not develop. The non-metallic layer is located on one of the bodies, and the other body has a metallic coating advantageously capped with an Au layer.

Abstract: A fiber reinforcing mat is used proximate a through hole in an automotive structural element in order to reinforce the element in the area approximate the through hole. The fiber reinforcing mat is comprised of a warp having a plurality of radially extending loops and a weft which is woven through the loops in a spiral fashion. Since the weft is configured as a spiral, weft material is more dense in the area close to the through hole than in the area distal of the through hole. Consequently, the stiffness of the structural element decreases gradually in radial directions away from the through hole.

Abstract: A fiber reinforcing mat is used proximate a through hole in an automotive structural element in order to reinforce the element in the area approximate the through hole. The fiber reinforcing mat is comprised of a warp having a plurality of radially extending loops and a weft which is woven through the loops in a spiral fashion. Since the weft is configured as a spiral, weft material is more dense in the area close to the through hole than in the area distal of the through hole. Consequently, the stiffness of the structural element decreases gradually in radial directions away from the through hole.

Abstract: A multimaterial disk for high-energy braking comprises an assembly of various flanges. They comprise, in succession, a central flange and on either side of the central flange thermal barriers and outer flanges made up of a substrate faced on one side with a ceramic or cermet type facing.

Abstract: In a method of making a carbon fibre preform such as for use in the manufacture of a friction disc a compressible body of carbon fibre or carbon fibre precursor material is acted upon by compressing means to compress the body to a required thickness and then operated upon by means such as a barbed needle-punch needle for a stitching thread which penetrates substantially the whole thickness of the body whereby the compressed preform may be removed from action by the compressing means in a free-standing and compressed state. If the method uses carbon fibre precursor material, that is then subjected to carbonization.

Abstract: The present invention provides inexpensive electric contact materials having higher hardness and higher melting point and being more excellent in the points of wear resistance and environmental resistance over the electric contact materials of Ag type, Au type, platinum group type, etc. having been used so far, production methods thereof and electric contacts used said contact materials.In the electric contact materials of the invention, basically, a covering layer having at least one selected from transition metals of groups IVa (Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.), Va (V, Nb, Ta, etc.) and VIa (Cr, Mo, W, etc.) as a major ingredient is formed on the substrate as an electric contact in a thickness of 0.03 to 100 .mu.m, and, if need be, a fixed intermediate layer is formed between said covering layer of electric contact and substrate or a fixed surface layer is formed on the outside of covering layer of electric contact, thus aiming at further improvement in the characteristics of contact.

Abstract: The adhesion to plastic substrates of thick layers of functional metals having an oxide heat of formation that is greater than -40,000 calories/gram atom of metal, such as silver, copper, gold, and the like, is improved if a thin layer of a metal having an oxide heat of formation of less than -50,000 calories/gram atom of metal is present as an adhesion-promoting primer layer. When the primer layer metal has a melting point greater than 1100.degree. C., it should be present as the metal or as a substoichiometric oxide. When the primer layer metal has a melting point less than 1100.degree. C., it may be present as the metal, as a substoichiometric oxide, or as a full stoichiometric oxide. Processes for preparing these materials using sputter-depositing and reflectors incorporating these materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetoresistive thin-film, which a (110) oriented epitaxial buffer layer 2 made of a body-centered cubic crystalline metal or alloy is formed on a single crystalline substrate 1, thereon with layer a (110) oriented epitaxial Fe/Cr superlattice film on which Fe layers 3 and Cr layers 4 alternately are epitaxially grown, the Fe/Cr superlattice having a structure in which staircase facets which have ridge lines to the <100> direction at (110) surface and have {100} side surfaces stand side by side to the <110> direction. The dispersion of the widths of the staircase facets falls within .+-.50%. Also disclosed is a magnetoresistive device which is provided with the above magnetoresistive thin-film and a means for applying a magnetic field parallel to the ridge lines of the staircase facets to the thin-film.

Abstract: A superconducting magnet shield includes a plurality of overlapping NbTi sheets welded together with a plurality of welds extending along elongated parallel slots in the overlap region with the slots extending in the direction of superconducting current flow.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a wire for an Nb.sub.3 X superconducting wire, which is improved in workability and soundness of a diffusion barrier layer without increasing the diffusion barrier layer in thickness. This wire for an Nb.sub.3 X superconducting wire comprises a wire which is prepared by superposing and winding up a first sheet consisting of pure Nb or an Nb alloy and a second sheet consisting of metal atoms X, reacting with Nb for forming a compound exhibiting superconductivity, or an X alloy, a stabilizing material layer which is provided to enclose the wire, and a diffusion barrier layer which is provided between an outer surface of the wire and an inner surface of the stabilizing material layer for preventing the metal atoms X from being diffused in the stabilizing material layer, and the diffusion barrier layer is made of a metal material having larger tensile strength than that of the first sheet. It is possible to obtain a high-performance Nb.sub.

Abstract: Fibrous substrates for the production of carbon and/or ceramic (including mixtures of these) fiber reinforced carbon and/or ceramic (including mixtures of these) composites and to methods of manufacture of same.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium is constructed with a substrate made of glass, one or two underlayers, and a magnetic film. In order that the easy magnetization axis of the magnetic film is parallel to the magnetic film, an underlayer having an NaCl crystallographic structure is superposed on the substrate. A magnetic film made of a Co based alloy having a hexagonal close packed crystallographic structure is formed on this underlayer, putting an underlayer made of a material having a body centered cubic crystallographic structure therebetween at need. Magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic film is increased by forming grooves in a predetermined direction in a surface portion of the substrate. These grooves play a role also for defining the orientation of the underlayer made of the material having an NaCl crystallographic structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is an artificial multilayer in which ferromagnetic layers and nonmagnetic layers are alternatively laminated, wherein a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is introduced into the ferromagnetic layers in a predetermined direction, thereby controlling the gradient of the relative change of resistivity to the change of external magnetic field. The uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is introduced into the ferromagnetic layers by applying a magnetic field along the surface of ferromagnetic layers during the formation thereof.

Abstract: A carbonaceous, refractory or metal alloy substrate material coated with a refractory material, the refractory material including at least one of borides, silicides, nitrides, aluminides, carbides, phosphides, oxides, metal alloys, inter-metallic compounds and mixtures of one of titanium, chromium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, silicon, niobium, tantalum, nickel, molybdenum and iron and at least one refractory oxide of rare earth metals. An aluminum production cell including a component made up of a material coated with the coating described above is also disclosed.

Abstract: Textile fabrics, yarns and cords are impregnated with rubber, resin and particulate materials by dipping in an aqueous dispersion comprising an aqueous rubber latex, resin and the particulate material, the dispersion further containing a very minor amount of a water-soluble silicate, such as sodium silicate. After drying, the products can be used as reinforcement for mechanical rubber goods and friction materials such as clutch facings and the like.

Abstract: A rotary seal member, such as a gas turbine engine blade, is provided with an improved surface layer which has an elastic modulus matched with the elastic modulus of a substrate of the member. Also, the surface layer does not form a brittle intermetallic with the substrate at an intended operating temperature. In one form, the surface layer includes abrasive particles adapted to inhibit chemical reaction with the layer material. One specific example is a Ti-alloy substrate having a metallurgically bonded layer based on Nb, and including cubic boron nitride abrasive particles coated with cobalt entrapped in the layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a stamper includes the steps of coating a flat surface of a substrate with photosensitive material; directing light to a specified position on the photosensitive material to expose it; developing the photosensitive material to make a minute photoresist pattern; etching the substrate to a specified depth with a mask of the photoresist pattern; removing the photoresist as the mask to make a glass master; arbitrarily forming a first nickel layer on a surface of the glass master; forming an intermediate layer of a metal having a smaller linear expansion coefficient than nickel over the first nickel layer; forming a second nickel layer on the intermediate layer to form a conductive film having a two- or three-stratum structure; arbitrarily subjecting the whole substrate to a process to make nickel passive; forming an electroformed layer on the conductive film by an electroforming process; and separating the conductive film from the glass master.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising:a precoat layer, having a thickness of 30 to 14000 .ANG., consisting of any of V (vanadium), Mo (molybdenum), NiP (nickel-phosphorus), C (carbon), Zr (zirconium) or Al (aluminum) formed on a non-magnetic, mirror-surface substrate 1, anda Cr (chromium) layer as a primer layer 3 and a Co (cobalt) alloy layer as a magnetic layer 4 laminated in order on the precoat layer 2.

Abstract: Oxidation and sulfidation resistant alloys and mixtures including chromium and niobium as well as oxidation and sulfidation resistant articles including chromium and niobium present as either an alloy or a mixture are provided. A method for preparing an oxidation and sulfidation resistant article by preparing a material including chromium and niobium and either forming an article directly from the chromium and niobium containing material or forming the article from a base material and coating the material with a coating including a chromium and niobium-containing material is provided.

Abstract: A superconducting article has a matrix core containing a superconductor, a copper stabilizer layer disposed about the core, and an insulating layer surrounding the copper stabilizer layer. The insulating layer is a metallurgically bonded layer of a refractory metal selected from Nb, Ta, V, and Mo.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium for contact recording has a layered structure sequentially with a substrate made of an aluminum alloy having a maximum surface roughness R.sub.max between 100 .ANG. and 300 .ANG. and having no surface protrusions or unevenness higher than 760 .ANG., a magnetic layer formed thereon by sputtering through underlying layers of Tiw film and Cr film, a non-magnetic first protective film formed by sputtering, a second protective film having hard particulates with average diameter 50-300 .ANG. dispersed in an inorganic oxide film, and a lubricant film. The second protective film is formed by applying a solution containing both an organic compound and the particulates and subjecting it to a heat treatment. The medium has a maximum surface roughness of 100-300 .ANG. and no surface protrusions or unevenness high than 760 .ANG. and is usable for contact recording with a recording head having flying height of less than 760 .ANG..