Abstract: A magnetoresistance effect element includes a first ferromagnetic layer, insulating layer overlying the first ferromagnetic layer, and second ferromagnetic layer overlying the insulating layer. The insulating layer has formed a through hole having an opening width not larger than 20 nm, and the first and second ferromagnetic layers are connected to each other via the through hole.

Abstract: A protective layer has the composition 0.5 to 2% of rhenium, 15 to 21% of chromium, 9 to 11.5% of aluminum, 0.05 to 0.7% of yttrium and/or at least one equivalent metal from the group consisting of scandium and the rare earths, 0 to 1% of ruthenium, remainder cobalt and/or nickel and production-related impurities, and is scarcely subject to any embrittlement from Cr/Re precipitations.

Abstract: Disclosed are a CPP magnetic sensing element employing the exchange bias method in which a sensing current is prevented from expanding in the track width direction in the multilayer film while the magnetization of the free magnetic layer is controlled properly, side reading is effectively prevented, and read output is improved, and a method for fabricating the same. First insulating layers are disposed at both sides in the track width direction of a multilayer film, a second free magnetic layer is disposed over the multilayer film and the first insulating layers, and second antiferromagnetic layers are disposed on both side regions of the second free magnetic layer.

Abstract: A coating system for an article comprising a substrate formed of a metal alloy that is prone to the formation of a deleterious secondary reaction zone (SRZ) as a result of containing more than three weight percent rhenium and at least one additional refractory metal. The coating system comprises an aluminum-containing overlay coating and a diffusion barrier coating between the overlay coating and the substrate. The diffusion barrier coating consists of, in atomic percent, about 20% to about 90% ruthenium, about 2% to about 60% chromium, optionally up to about 50% aluminum, optionally up to about 20% of a platinum-group metal, and the balance at least one of nickel, cobalt, and iron and incidental impurities. The diffusion barrier coating sufficiently inhibits diffusion of aluminum from the overlay coating into the substrate, such that the substrate remains essentially free of SRZ.

Abstract: A mixture of TiO2 and Co is placed in a vacuum chamber under selected oxygen pressure and irradiated in the vacuum chamber with a selected laser light to cause TiO2 and Co to evaporate from the target and a layer of TiO2-Co to epitaxially grow on a heated single crystal substrate. The titanium dioxide-cobalt magnetic film for use in a photocatalyst, a semiconductor material having optical, electrical and magnetic functions, and a transparent magnet. The film is expressed by Ti1-xCoxO2 where 0<x?0.3, and wherein a Ti atom at its lattice position is replaced with a Co atom. The film has anatase or rutile crystalline structure, has its band gap energy varying in a range between 3.13 eV and 3.33 eV, retains its magnetization even at a temperature higher than a room temperature, and is transparent to visible light.

Abstract: A coated article having a high resistance to particle-impact damage has a substrate, and a layered coating overlying the substrate. The layered coating includes a substantially continuous quasicrystalline layer, and a substantially continuous ductile metallic layer in facing contact with the quasicrystalline layer. The coated article is preferably used in applications where it is subjected to particle-impact conditions.

Abstract: Liquid aluminum is sprayed onto an iron article to produce a thin tenacious non-corrodible layer. In one embodiment, an iron article is heated to at least 400° F. or preferably until cherry red. It is sprayed with a fine aluminum mist generated by heating aluminum in a container and then passing a gas under pressure through the container and out through a heat resistant ceramic nozzle. In another embodiment, aluminum is heated to at least 2000° F. in a container to produce a pool of liquid aluminum. Pressure is applied to the container to project the liquid aluminum in the form of a fine mist through a ceramic nozzle onto the iron article. The aluminum mist produces a tenacious aluminum layer on the iron article that is workable, weldable and non-corrodible. The aluminum layer is a permanent part of the iron article and cannot be removed by conventional means, such as buffing with a wire wheel driven by a electric motor.

Abstract: A master information carrier for magnetic transfer includes a base sheet which is formed of a magnetic material. The master information carrier is provided with an irregularity pattern representing information to be transferred to a magnetic recording medium and a magnetic layer formed along the irregularity pattern. The saturation magnetization Mm of the magnetic layer and the saturation magnetization Ms of the base sheet satisfy the condition 1.0<Mm/Ms<100.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a textured surface which is textured in a predetermined direction, a Cr-based underlayer provided on the textured surface and having Cr<110> preferred growth along the predetermined direction so that over approximately 50% of Cr<110> are oriented along the predetermined direction, and a Co-based magnetic layer provided on the underlayer and having Co(1120) preferred growth along the predetermined direction.

Abstract: A method of brazing an aluminum or aluminum alloy material, containing brazing an aluminum alloy brazing sheet that has an aluminum or aluminum alloy core material and, being clad on one or both surfaces, a filler alloy layer comprised of an Al—Si-based alloy and contains Mg incorporated at least in a constituent layer except the filler alloy layer, thereby to form a hollow structure whose one surface clad with the filler alloy is the inner surface, wherein the brazing is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere without applying any flux; and an aluminum alloy brazing sheet which satisfies the relationship: (X+Y)?a/60+0.5 and X>Y, wherein a (?m) represents the thickness of the filler alloy layer clad on the core material of the inner side of the hollow structure, and X and Y (mass %) represent the Mg contents of the core material and the brazing material, respectively.

Abstract: A spin-valve sensor with pinning layers comprising multiple antiferromagnetic films is disclosed. The multiple antiferromagnetic films are preferably selected from the same Mn-based (Ni—Mn or Pt—Mn) alloy system. The Mn content of the antiferromagnetic film in contact with the reference layer of the spin-valve sensor is selected in order to maximize its exchange coupling to the reference layer, thereby providing a high unidirectional anisotropy field for proper sensor operation. The Mn content of the other antiferromagnetic films not in contact with the reference layer of the spin-valve sensor is reduced in order to maximize the thermal stability and corrosion resistance of the spin-valve sensor for robust sensor operation at high temperatures in disk drive environments.

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor has a pair of magnetic shields serving as a negative electrode and a positive electrode, respectively, a magnetoresistive element arranged between the pair of magnetic shields, a nonmagnetic conductive layer for the negative electrode arranged between the magnetic shield for the negative electrode and the magnetoresistive element and including a first metal layer formed in contact with the magnetoresistive element and a second metal layer formed in contact with the first metal layer, and a nonmagnetic conductive layer for the positive electrode arranged between the magnetic shield for the positive electrode and the magnetoresistive element and formed of a first metal layer, the first metal layer containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, Cr, V, Mo and W.

Abstract: A magnetic sensing element includes a laminate, the laminate including a first antiferromagnetic layer; a pinned magnetic layer, the magnetization direction thereof being pinned by the first antiferromagnetic layer; a nonmagnetic conductive layer; a free magnetic layer, the magnetization direction thereof being variable in response to an external magnetic field; a nonmagnetic interlayer; a ferromagnetic layer; and a second antiferromagnetic layer. The laminate has a recess extending through the second antiferromagnetic layer and the ferromagnetic layer, a bottom face of the recess lying in the nonmagnetic interlayer, the width of the bottom face in a track width direction being equal to a track width. The free magnetic layer is magnetized in a direction substantially orthogonal to the magnetization direction of the pinned magnetic layer as a result of magnetic coupling with the ferromagnetic layer. A method for making such a magnetic sensing element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor and a method of manufacturing the magnetoresistive sensor are provided, which can effectively increase ?RA, and which can more easily and reliably bring magnetization of a free magnetic layer and magnetization of a pinned magnetic layer into an orthogonal state than the related art. By forming the pinned magnetic layer of a multilayered structure comprising a first hard magnetic layer, a nonmagnetic layer, and a second hard magnetic layer, the magnetization of the free magnetic layer and the magnetization of the pinned magnetic layer can be more easily and reliably brought into an orthogonal state than in the related art. Also, the pinned magnetic layer can be formed in a larger film thickness than that in the related art. Accordingly, the product (?RA) of a resistance change amount (?R) and a sensor area (A) in a direction parallel to film surfaces can be increased.

Abstract: Sharp-edged cutting tools and a method of manufacturing sharp-edged cutting tools wherein at least a portion of the sharp-edged cutting tool is formed from a bulk amorphous alloy material are provided.

Abstract: A thermal spring magnetic medium is provided having first and second stacks providing two exchange coupled ferromagnetic layers having different Curie temperatures. The first stack has a high magneto-crystalline anisotropy, a relatively low saturation magnetization and a low Curie temperature. The second stack has a relatively low magneto-crystalline anisotropy, a high saturation magnetization and a high Curie temperature. Preferably the first stack includes an alloy of Fe—Pt or Co—Pt, and the second stack includes an allow of Co—Pt or Co—Pd. A disk drive system having the novel medium is also provided.

Abstract: A surface processing method and power transmission component includes refining a surface region of a metal from a first roughness to a second roughness less than the first roughness. A solid lubricous coating or a hard coating is then deposited on the surface region. The metal has a surface hardness above 50 Rc to reduce the risk that the metal will deform under the coating and leave the coating unsupported. The surface region of the metal may be transformed into a nitrogen-containing compound or solid solution surface region before the surface refining step and deposition of the coating.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium has first, second and third magnetic layers having magnetization directions which are alternately antiparallel in a state where no external magnetic field is applied on the magnetic recording medium, with a first nonmagnetic layer interposed between the first and second magnetic layers and a second nonmagnetic layer interposed between the second and third magnetic layers. A relationship Ms2×t2<(Ms1×t1+Ms3×t3) stands, where Ms1, Ms2 and Ms3, and t1, t2 and t2 respectively denote saturation magnetizations and thicknesses of the first, second and third magnetic layers.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic according medium with enhanced coercivity is provided. The magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic substrate having a surface and a layer stack atop the substrate surface. The layer stack comprises a magnetic recording layer and a dual intermediate layer structure below the magnetic recording layer comprising a base layer and a non-magnetic layer between the base layer and the magnetic recording layer. The non-magnetic layer has a thickness less than that necessary for RKKY coupling between the base layer and the magnetic recording layer, and provides the medium with increased coercivity.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium was a high normalized coercive force and superior thermal stability. The magnetic recording medium comprises a non-magnetic base material, and a ferromagnetic metal layer of cobalt based alloy formed on top of this base material with a metal underlayer disposed therebetween, and displays a coercive force Hc of at least 2000 (Oe) and an anisotropic magnetic field Hkgrain of at least 10,000 (Oe). Furthermore, magnetic recording media in which the aforementioned metal underlayer and/or the ferromagnetic metal layer are fabricated in a film fabrication chamber with an ultimate vacuum at the 10?9 Torr level are preferred. A magnetic recording medium according to the present invention can be ideally applied to hard disks, floppy disks, and magnetic tapes and the like.

Abstract: Reliable, flaw-tolerant brittle materials are produced by incorporating layers under residual compression on the surface and throughout the bulk of the material that act to trap and contain the propagation of otherwise catastrophic cracking. The residual compression within these layers acts to reduce the stress intensity of the cracks, thereby causing them to arrest until further loading is provided. This highly desirable stable, subcritical crack growth mode persists with increased loading until the applied stress is large enough to drive the crack completely through compressive region, after which failure occurs. The exact level of stress needed to accomplish this is dictated by the architectural design of the compressive layers such that the material can be designed to have any minimum strength desired, within the limits of the materials system used. This results in a truncation of the strength distribution, such that there is virtually zero probability of failure below this minimum value, i.e.

Abstract: The invention discloses magnetic OVP, said pigment consisting of thin-layer flakes having a basic metal-dielectric-metal structure to result in a viewing-angle dependent color appearance, and having, in addition to said viewing-angle dependent color appearance, incorporated magnetic properties, to make them distinguishable from OVP of similar appearance but not having said magnetic properties. The invention discloses as well methods for obtaining such pigments and the use of such pigments as security elements in inks, coatings and articles.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic thin-film based magnetic field sensor having a nonmagnetic intermediate layer with two major surfaces on opposite sides thereof upon one of which a magnetization reference layer is provided and upon the other there being provided a sensing layer. A spacer layer is provided on the sensing film to separate this sensing film from an augmenting film with the spacer layer being sufficiently thick so as to significantly reduce or eliminate topological coupling between the sensing and augmenting films, and to significantly randomize spin states of emerging electrons traversing therethrough.

Abstract: A first unit cell of a fuel cell stack has a first joint body sandwiched between a first separator and a second separator. The second separator has a first metal sheet having a region where grooves and ridges alternate with each other and a second metal sheet having a region where grooves and ridges alternate with each other, and a leaf spring interposed between the first and second metal sheets. The leaf spring is held against crests of the ridges of the first and second metal sheets. The grooves of the first metal sheet face the ridges of the second metal sheet across the leaf spring, and the ridges of the first metal sheet face the grooves of the second metal sheet across the leaf spring.

Abstract: A composite tool comprising a supporting part of a metallic material having a first composition and a working part of a metallic material having a second composition which is different from the first composition, a process for the manufacture thereof and a method of cutting an austentic alloy article with this composite tool. The supporting part of the composite tool is made of a tenacious iron-based material, and the working part is made of a precipitation harden iron-cobalt-tungsten alloy. The parts are joined by a metallic connection.

Abstract: A magnetic sensing element includes a lower multilayer film including a lower pinned magnetic layer, a lower nonmagnetic layer, a free magnetic layer, an upper nonmagnetic layer, and an upper pinned magnetic layer; and an upper multilayer film including a lower pinned magnetic layer, a lower nonmagnetic layer, a free magnetic layer, an upper nonmagnetic layer, and an upper pinned magnetic layer. Each pinned magnetic layer includes a first pinned magnetic sublayer, a second pinned magnetic sublayer, and an intermediate nonmagnetic sublayer. By setting the magnetization direction of the second pinned magnetic sublayers in the lower multilayer film antiparallel to the second pinned magnetic sublayers in the upper multilayer film, the magnetic sensing element can output a pulsed signal directly when moving over a magnetization transition region.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a layer system for the decorative coating of galvanizable work pieces. In order to have a layer system which meets strict requirements with regard to corrosion resistance and which, at the same time, has a high abrasion resistance and, in addition, provides a high degree of freedom with regard to decorative coloration, the invention proposes a layer system which is formed by galvanic deposition and comprises a base coat consisting of at least one bright layer and one discontinuous chrome layer as well as a cover coat of mechanically resistant materials deposited by the PVD process.

Abstract: An ferromagnetic thin film is used to provide a magnetic recording medium whose noise is low and whose S/N value is high. The ferromagnetic thin film as the magnetic film of the magnetic recording medium is such that the fluctuation field of magnetic viscosity at 25° C. at the field strength equal to remanence coercivity or coercivity is not less than 15 oersteds and the coercivity is not less than 2000 oersteds.

Abstract: Laminated magnetic recording medium with two Co-containing layers separated by a non-magnetic Ru-containing interlayer is stabilized by Ru-containing layer between the recording layers and Co-containing stabilization layers through anti-ferromagnetic coupling. The insertion of Co layer beneath Ru spacer has resulted in increased coupling, and further coupling enhancement is achieved by low pressure process of Co and Ru layers.

Abstract: An article suitable for laser-welded metallurgical bonding, the article having a first part having a lower surface, and a second part having an upper surface is disclosed. The lower surface of the first part is disposed at the upper surface of the second part to provide for a faying surface thereat. The faying surface has a plurality of channels with a depth equal to or greater than about 1 micron and equal to or less than about 1000 microns. The article is suitable for laser-welded metallurgical bonding at the faying surface. The plurality of channels has a repetitive pattern of channels arranged along a path of the faying surface in a direction of the metallurgical bonding action.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium has a configuration such that information recorded can be read from a region smaller than a beam spot by applying an external magnetic field and directing a light beam in reproducing. The magneto-optical recording medium includes a magnetic recording layer for recording and holding information, a magnetic reproducing layer provided on one side of the magnetic recording layer on which the light beam is incident, a nonmagnetic layer provided on another side of the magnetic recording layer opposite to the magnetic reproducing layer, and a magnetic assist layer provided on the nonmagnetic layer. The magnetic assist layer has a coercive force smaller than an external magnetic field applied in recording or reproducing information.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, in a magnetic recording medium for perpendicular magnetic recording, a recording characteristic which is not inferior to that of double-layer medium and a resolution of reproduction which is not inferior to that of single layer medium are provided. On a non-magnetic substrate, a soft magnetic layer for increasing a perpendicular component of recording magnetic field in a perpendicular magnetic recording layer is formed. A non-magnetic layer for suppressing extension of signal magnetic field loop from recording magnetization in the perpendicular magnetic recording layer is formed on the soft magnetic layer. The perpendicular magnetic recording layer is formed on the non-magnetic layer. The non-magnetic layer has a thickness required to effectively reduce the signal magnetic field loop. The required thickness exceeds 20 nm.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium has a substrate, a base layer formed on the substrate and including a magnetic material, a switching layer formed on the base layer and including a nonmagnetic material, and a recording layer formed on the switching layer and having a structure comprising magnetic particles and a nonmagnetic wall buried between the magnetic particles. The medium meets the condition of TcB>Tsw, where TcB is a Curie temperature of the base layer, and Tsw is a temperature at which the recording layer and the base layer begin to exert exchange coupling interaction.

Abstract: A friction resistant blade having a protective layer with an increased hardness is provided. A method for producing the friction resistant blade is also provided.

Abstract: An anti-ferromagnetically coupled (“AFC”), high areal density magnetic recording medium of simplified thin film layer structure and having improved thermal stability and signal-to-medium noise ratio (“SMNR”) comprises a stack of thin film layers including, in overlying sequence from a surface of a non-magnetic substrate: (a) a non-magnetic seed layer (“SDL”); (b) at least one non-magnetic underlayer (“UL”); (c) a first ferromagnetic layer (“M1”); (d) a non-magnetic spacer layer (“SPL”); and (e) a second ferromagnetic layer serving as a magnetic recording layer (“M2”); wherein: the first ferromagnetic layer (c) serves as a combined interlayer (“IL”) and “bottom” magnetic layer (“BML”) and the non-magnetic spacer layer (d) provides RKKY-type coupling between the first ferromagnetic layer (c) and the second ferromagnetic layer (e) for stabilizing the medium via anti-ferromagnetic coupling

Abstract: A magnetoresistive film includes a nonmagnetic film, and a structure in which magnetic films are formed on the two sides of the nonmagnetic film. At least one of the magnetic films is a perpendicular magnetization film. A magnetic film whose easy axis of magnetization is inclined from a direction perpendicular to the film surface is formed at a position where the magnetic film contacts the perpendicular magnetization film but does not contact the nonmagnetic film. A memory, magnetic element, magnetoresistive element, and magnetic element manufacturing method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A high areal recording density, anti-ferromagnetically coupled (“AFC”) perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprises: a layer stack formed over the surface of a non-magnetic substrate (2), comprising, in overlying sequence: an underlayer (3) comprised of a magnetically soft ferromagnetic material; at least one non-magnetic interlayer (4); a perpendicularly anisotropic stabilization layer (6) comprised of a hard ferromagnetic material; a non-magnetic spacer layer (7); and a perpendicularly anisotropic main recording layer (5) comprised of a hard ferromagnetic material; wherein the perpendicularly anisotropic stabilization layer (6) and the perpendicularly anisotropic main recording layer (5) are anti-ferromagnetically coupled (AFC) across the non-magnetic spacer layer (7) to orient the magnetic moments thereof anti-parallel and thereby provide the medium with increased

Abstract: An aluminum-coated structural member includes an Al—Si—Fe alloy layer formed on a steel substrate layer. The alloy layer includes a softer region having a hardness smaller than or equal to a hardness of the steel substrate layer, extends from the surface of the steel substrate layer toward a surface of the alloy layer, over a depth range greater than or equal to 50% of a thickness of the alloy layer. The Al—Si—Fe alloy layer has an oxide weight smaller than or equal to 500 mg/dm2.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a disk for information storage. The disk, in one embodiment, comprises a substrate 204, antiferromagnetically exchange coupled first and second ferromagnetic films 220 and 236, a spacer film 228, and at least one buffer film 232 located between the first and second ferromagnetic films. One or more of the following statements is true with respect to the buffer film 232: (i) the buffer film 232 is paramagnetic; (ii) the buffer film 232 is superparamagnetic at temperatures of about 50° C. or less; and (iii) a lattice mismatch between the buffer film 232 and at least one of the first and second ferromagnetic films 220 and 236 in contact with the buffer film is about 5% or less.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium including a magnetic recording layer for recording information and a magnetic reproducing layer provided on the magnetic recording layer for reading information. The magnetic reproducing layer is separated into a first reproducing layer having a first composition and a second reproducing layer having a second composition slightly different from the first composition. The first and second reproducing layers have the same principal components. By changing a ratio in film thickness between the first and second reproducing layers, variations in composition of the first and second reproducing layers can be corrected.

Abstract: There is provided a perpendicular magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic layer having a face-centered cubic structure, an antiferromagnetic layer provided on the non-magnetic layer, a soft magnetic underlayer provided on the antiferromagnetic layer, and a perpendicular recording layer provided on the soft magnetic underlayer, which magnetic recording medium makes it possible to realize a recording density not less than 50 Gb/in2 and makes the error rate thereof low while suppressing the spike noise.

Abstract: A semi-hard magnetic alloy for activation strips in magnetic anti-theft security systems is disclosed that contains 8 to 25 weight % Ni, 1.0 to 4.5 weight % Al, 0.5 to 3 weight % Ti and the balance iron.

Abstract: A multifunctional member with a first active member (30), which is adapted to contract if exposed to a temperature above a first transition temperature range. A second active member (40), which is adapted to contract if exposed to a temperature above a second transition temperature range. A core member (20), which is adaptive for deformation. The first and second active members (30, 40) are attached on opposite or different sides of the core member (20). A heat source operatively connected to the first and second active members (30, 40) to expose them to transition temperatures. The first active member (30) contracts while above the first transition temperature range causing the second active member (40) to expand, wherein the second active member (40) is below the second transition temperature range.

Abstract: A coated article having a high resistance to particle-impact damage has a substrate, and a layered coating overlying the substrate. The layered coating includes a substantially continuous quasicrystalline layer, and a substantially continuous ductile metallic layer in facing contact with the quasicrystalline layer. The coated article is preferably used in applications where it is subjected to particle-impact conditions.

Abstract: A coated article having a high resistance to wear damage has a substrate, and a layered coating overlying the substrate. The layered coating includes a ductile metallic layer overlying and in facing contact with the substrate, and a protective layer overlying and in facing contact with the ductile metallic layer and including a mixture of a quasicrystalline metallic phase and a non-quasicrystalline ductile phase. The coated article is preferably used in applications where it is subjected to wear conditions.

Abstract: An anti-ferromagnetically coupled (“AFC”), high areal density magnetic recording medium having improved thermal stability and signal-to-medium noise ratio (“SMNR”), comprising: (a) a non-magnetic substrate having at least one surface; and (b) a ferromagnetic recording layer comprising a layer stack overlying the at least one surface, the layer stack comprising a plurality of vertically spaced-apart ferromagnetic layers, the ferromagnetic layers being spaced-apart by respective non-magnetic spacer layers providing anti-ferromagnetic coupling (AFC) therebetween, the total exchange energy acting upon each of the ferromagnetic layers of the layer stack in the remanent state and their effective magnetic energies adjusted to provide opposing alignment of the magnetic moments of adjacent ferromagnetic layers of the stack.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium includes at least a reflective layer and a recording layer formed in this order on a substrate, in which record and reproduction of information are carried out by irradiating the medium with laser beam from a recording layer side. The reflective layer includes two or more thin film layers different in surface roughness, of which one near the substrate has a surface tension smaller than a surface tension of one near the recording layer. The medium exhibits a coercive force and CNR of a recording layer of a magneto-optical recording medium to realize high density recording by contriving the constitution of the recording layer.

Abstract: A group of alloys suitable for use in a high-temperature, oxidative environment, a protective coating system comprising a diffusion barrier that comprises an alloy selected from the group, an article comprising the diffusion barrier layer, and a method for protecting an article from a high-temperature oxidative environment comprising disposing the diffusion barrier layer onto a substrate are presented.

Abstract: Cookware having improved uniform heat transfer over the entire cross section thereof, the cookware formed from a multi-layered composite metal having a layer of titanium roll bonded at or near the core of the composite. The titanium layer is roll bonded to layers of aluminum which, in turn, is roll bonded to layers of stainless steel. The layer of stainless steel adjacent to the cooking range may be a ferritic stainless steel if induction-type heating is desired. The multi-layered composite is also suitable for making a sole plate for an iron. Both the cookware and sole plate may include a non-stick surface applied thereto.

Abstract: A coated nanocrystal capable of light emission includes a substantially monodisperse nanoparticle selected from the group consisting of CdX, where x=S, Se, Te and an overcoating of ZnY, where Y=S, Se, uniformly deposited thereon, said coated nanoparticle characterized in that when irradiated the particles exhibit photoluminescence in a narrow spectral range of no greater than about 60 nm, and most preferably 40 nm, at full width half max (FWHM). The particle size of the nanocrystallite core is in the range of about 20 Å to about 125 Å, with a deviation of less than 10% in the core. The coated nanocrystal exhibits photoluminescence having quantum yields of greater than 30%.