Abstract: A silicon nanowire array including a multiplicity of silicon nanowires extending from a silicon substrate. Cross-sectional shape of the silicon nanowires and spacing between the silicon nanowires can be selected to maximize the ratio of the surface area of the silicon nanowires to the volume of the nanowire array. Methods of forming the silicon nanowire array include a nanoimprint lithography process to form a template for the silicon nanowire array and an electroless etching process to etch the template formed by the nanoimprint lithography process.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes a first electrode comprising a first material and a second electrode comprising a second material, at least a portion of the first and second materials forming an interpenetrating network when dispersed in an electrolyte, the electrolyte, the first material and the second material are selected so that the first and second materials exert a repelling force on each other when combined. An electrochemical device, includes a first electrode in electrical communication with a first current collector; a second electrode in electrical communication with a second current collector; and an ionically conductive medium in ionic contact with said first and second electrodes, wherein at least a portion of the first and second electrodes form an interpenetrating network and wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes comprises an electrode structure providing two or more pathways to its current collector.

Abstract: A porous battery electrode for a rechargeable battery includes a monolithic porous structure having a porosity in the range of from about 74% to about 99% and comprising a conductive material. An active material layer is deposited on the monolithic porous structure. The pores of the monolithic porous structure have a size in the range of from about 0.2 micron to about 10 microns. A method of making the porous battery electrode is also described.

Abstract: A cathode active material has: a lithium composite oxide which contains the highest proportion of nickel among constituent metal elements except lithium; and a phosphorus compound which is contained near the surface of the lithium composite oxide, and a cathode including the cathode active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries and durable anode materials and anodes for use in nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. The present invention also relates to methods for producing these anode materials. In the present invention, a metal-semiconductor alloy layer is formed on an anode material by contacting a portion of the anode material with a displacement solution. The displacement solution contains ions of the metal to be deposited and a dissolution component for dissolving a part of the semiconductor in the anode material. When the anode material is contacted with the displacement solution, the dissolution component dissolves a part of the semiconductor in the anode material thereby providing electrons to reduce the metal ions and deposit the metal on the anode material. After deposition, the anode material and metal are annealed to form a uniform metal-semiconductor alloy layer.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution, wherein the positive electrode includes a first lithium composite oxide and a second lithium composite oxide expressed by the following equation (1), as a positive electrode active material, and a charge capacity (vs lithium metal) per unit volume during a charge and discharge of a first cycle is larger in the second lithium composite oxide compared to the first lithium composite oxide, and a discharge voltage (vs lithium metal) during the charge and discharge of the first cycle is lower in the second lithium composite oxide compared to the first lithium composite oxide, Li1+a(MnbCocNi1-b-c)1-aO2 . . . (1), where a, b, and c satisfy relationships of 0<a?0.25, 0.5?b<0.7, and 0?c<1?b.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel cathodes having a reduced resistivity and other improved electrical properties. Furthermore, this invention also presents methods of manufacturing novel electrochemical cells and novel cathodes. These novel cathodes comprise a silver material that is doped with a Irivalent species.

Abstract: A lithium ion secondary battery including a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an electrolytic solution, wherein the positive electrode includes a first lithium composite oxide and a second lithium composite oxide expressed by following formula (1) as a positive electrode active material, and wherein the second lithium composite oxide has a charge capacity greater than the first lithium composite oxide Li1+a(NibM1cM21?b?c)1.5?0.5aO2??(1) wherein, M1 represents at least one selected from among elements of group 13 to group 15 in an extended periodic table of elements excluding boron B, or carbon C, or nitrogen N, M2 represents at least one selected from among elements of group 3 to group 12, and a, b, and c satisfy relationships of 0.95?a?1.05, 0<b?0.99, and 0<c?0.15.

Abstract: A process is provided for etching a silicon-containing substrate. In the process, the surface of the substrate is cleaned. A film of alumina is deposited on the cleaned substrate surface. A silver film is deposited above the film of alumina. An etchant comprising HF is contacted with the silver film.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium battery that includes a negative electrode including a silicon-based negative active material; a positive electrode including a positive active material being capable of intercalating and deintercalating lithium; and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the silicon-based negative active material includes a SiOx (0<x<2) core including Si grains and a continuous or discontinuous coating layer including Ag, the coating layer being disposed on the core.

Abstract: An optimal architecture for a polymer electrolyte battery, wherein one or more layers of electrolyte (e.g., solid block-copolymer) are situated between two electrodes, is disclosed. An anolyte layer, adjacent the anode, is chosen to be chemically and electrochemically stable against the anode active material. A catholyte layer, adjacent the cathode, is chosen to be chemically and electrochemically stable against the cathode active material.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising an anode, a cathode comprised of a first current collector, a first cathode active material having a first energy density and a first rate capability, and a second cathode active material having a second energy density and a second rate capability, and an electrolyte activating the anode and the cathode. The first rate capability of the first cathode active material is greater than the second rate capability of the second cathode active material, and the first energy density of the first cathode active material is greater than or equal to the second energy density of the second cathode active material as a result of the addition of one or more diluents to the second cathode active material. A preferred configuration for the cathode is SVO/current collector/CFx with the SVO facing a lithium anode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lithium-containing composite oxide for a positive electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which has a large volume capacity density and high safety, and excellent durability for charge and discharge cycles and charge and discharge rate property, and its production method. The lithium-containing composite oxide is represented by the general formula LipNxMyOzFa (where N is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn and Ni, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Sn, alkaline earth metal elements and transition metal elements other than Co, Mn and Ni, 0.9?p?1.2, 0.965?x<2.00, 0<y?0.035, 1.9?z?4.2, and 0?a?0.

Abstract: A positive-electrode active material for a lithium-ion secondary battery has an average composition expressed by the following formula (1): LixCo1-y-zMyCezOb-aXa ??(1) wherein M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron B, magnesium Mg, aluminum Al, silicon Si, phosphorous P, sulfur S, titanium Ti, chromium Cr, manganese Mn, iron Fe, cobalt Co, nickel Ni, copper Cu, zinc Zn, gallium Ga, yttrium Y, zirconium Zr, molybdenum Mo, silver Ag, tungsten W, indium In, tin Sn, lead Pb, and antimony Sb, X represents a halogen element, and x, y, z, a, and b satisfy 0.2<x?1.2, 0?y?0.1, 0.5<z?5.0, 1.8?b?2.2, and 0?a?1.0, respectively, and the concentration of cerium Ce is higher in the vicinity of the surface than in the inside.

Abstract: Miniature electrodes and electrochemical cells are disclosed. Such electrodes are made from forming an electrode mixture onto a current collector and distal end of a feedthrough pin such that the current collector and distal end of the feedthrough pin is encapsulated. The methods and electrode assemblies disclosed herein allow such electrode assemblies to be made free from the step of directly attaching a formed electrode to a feedthrough pin and thus simplifying assembly and decreasing size.

Abstract: A system and method for improving electrochemical power sources through the dispensing, encapsulation and dispersion into galvanic chambers of an electrochemical cell. Features of the method include the optimization of the concentration levels of chemicals involved in desired energy producing reactions.

Abstract: The traditional method of building a CFx/current collector/SVO assembly is by the application of a static pressing force. However, the density of the electrode and, particularly the CFx component, can be increase by using a cyclic pressing protocol. That is where the active materials are formed into a blank or contacted to a current collector by the use of at least two pressing events separated by a period when the pressure is removed. Not only does this cyclic pressing protocol increase the density of the CFx material, it also provides an electrode that is relatively flat, and not cupped. Conventional pressing techniques often result in badly cupped electrodes, especially when disparate active materials are contacting opposite sides of the current collector. Cupping consequently reduces the effective volumetric energy density of the electrode or necessitates the addition of a process step of flattening of the cathode, if at all possible.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a cathode, an anode containing an anode active material, and an electrolytic solution. The anode active material contains tin, iron, cobalt, carbon, and titanium as an element. In the anode active material, a carbon content is from 9 mass % to 30 mass % both inclusive, a ratio of cobalt to total of iron and cobalt is from 10 mass % to 80 mass % both inclusive, a ratio of the total of iron and cobalt to total of tin, iron, and cobalt is from 11.3 mass % to 26.3 mass % both inclusive, a titanium content is from 0.5 mass % to 8 mass % both inclusive, and half-width of diffraction peak obtained by X-ray diffraction (peak obtained where diffraction angle of 2? is from 34 deg to 37 deg both inclusive) is 1 deg or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to negative-electrode active material for rechargeable lithium battery comprising: a core comprising material capable of doping and dedoping lithium; and, a carbon layer formed on the surface of the core, wherein the carbon layer has a three dimensional porous structure comprising nanopores regularly ordered on the carbon layer with a pore wall of specific thickness placed therebetween.

Abstract: Provided are battery electrode structures that maintain high mass loadings (i.e., large amounts per unit area) of high capacity active materials in the electrodes without deteriorating their cycling performance. These mass loading levels correspond to capacities per electrode unit area that are suitable for commercial electrodes even though the active materials are kept thin and generally below their fracture limits. A battery electrode structure may include multiple template layers. An initial template layer may include nanostructures attached to a substrate and have a controlled density. This initial layer may be formed using a controlled thickness source material layer provided, for example, on a substantially inert substrate. Additional one or more template layers are then formed over the initial layer resulting in a multilayer template structure with specific characteristics, such as a surface area, thickness, and porosity.

Abstract: Secondary batteries for automobiles require good input/output characteristics and low internal resistance. Conventionally, the surface of an active material is coated with metal particles to reduce the internal resistance of a battery, but without achieving remarkable improvement in the conductivity of the active material or decreasing the internal resistance of the battery since an oxide film is formed on the metal particle surfaces. The present electrode material is produced by mixing and dispersing an active material and a metal source compound, then depositing metal particles on the surface of the active material by thermal decomposition, vapor phase reduction, liquid phase reduction or a chemical reaction combining any of these. Since an oxide film is not formed on the metal particles, an electrode material having high conductivity is obtained. The electrode material decreases the internal resistance of a battery and improves the input/output characteristics of a battery.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising a lithium anode, a cathode comprising a blank cut from a free-standing sheet of a silver vanadium oxide mixture contacted to a current collector. The active material has having a relatively lower surface area and an electrolyte activating the anode and the cathode is described. By optimizing the cathode active material surface area in a SVO-containing cell, the magnitude of the passivating film growth at the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and its relative impermeability to lithium ion diffusion is reduced. Therefore, by using a cathode of an active material in a range of from about 0.2 m2/gram to about 2.6 m2/gram, and preferably from about 1.6 m2/gram to about 2.4 m2/gram, it is possible to eliminate or significantly reduce undesirable irreversible Rdc growth and voltage delay in the cell and to extend its useful life in an implantable medical device.

Abstract: To smoothly deliver a thermal energy required in an active site of a catalyst carried on a carrier. A method of manufacturing a catalyst carrier of the present invention includes the steps of: forming a mixed thin film in which at least metal and ceramics are mixed on a metal base, by spraying aerosol, with metal powders and ceramic powders mixed therein, on the metal base; and making the mixed thin film porous, by dissolving the metal of the mixed thin film into acid or alkaline solution to remove this metal.

Abstract: A negative electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises a current collector and a mixture comprising a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder on the current collector. The negative electrode active material has the overall composition: MaSibPcBd; in which: 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, 0<d<1, and a+b+c+d=1; and M is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Tc, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, Cd, Au, Mn, Co, Ni, Sn, and Re, and mixtures thereof. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprises a positive electrode, the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes. A method for preparing the negative electrode comprises the steps of preparing a mixture comprising a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, and a solvent; coating the mixture on a current collector; and drying the mixture.

Abstract: A positive electrode material is disclosed which contains an iron lithium phosphate as a positive electrode active material and has a large charge/discharge capacity, high-rate adaptability, and good charge/discharge cycle characteristics at the same time. Also disclosed are a simple method for producing such a positive electrode material and a high-performance secondary battery employing such a positive electrode material. Specifically, disclosed is a positive electrode material for secondary battery characterized by mainly containing a positive electrode active material represented by the general formula: LinFePO4 (wherein n is a number of 0-1) and further containing at least one different metal element selected from the group consisting of vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), indium (In) and tin (Sn). This positive electrode material can be produced using a halide of such a metal element as the raw material.

Abstract: A battery anode comprised of metallic nanowire arrays is disclosed. In one embodiment the lithium battery uses Silicon nanowires or another element that alloy with Lithium or another element to produce high capacity lithium battery anodes.

Abstract: A cathode composite material includes a cathode active material particle having a surface, and a continuous aluminum phosphate layer coated on the surface of the cathode active material particle. A material of the cathode active material particle is layered type lithium nickel oxide. The present disclosure also relates to a lithium ion battery and a method for making the cathode composite material.

Abstract: An anode composite material includes an anode active material particle having a surface and a continuous aluminum phosphate layer. The continuous aluminum phosphate layer is coated on the surface of the anode active material particle. The present disclosure also relates to a lithium ion battery that includes the cathode composite material.

Abstract: A cathode composite material includes a cathode active material particle having a surface, and a continuous aluminum phosphate layer coated on the surface of the cathode active material particle. A material of the cathode active material particle is spinel type lithium manganese oxide. The present disclosure also relates to a lithium ion battery and a method for making the cathode composite material.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided an active material for a battery. The active material includes secondary particle which contains primary particles of a monoclinic ?-type titanium composite oxide having an average primary particle diameter of 1 nm to 10 ?m. The secondary particle has an average secondary particle diameter of 1 ?m to 100 ?m. The secondary particle has compression fracture strength of 20 MPa or more.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material includes: a secondary particle obtained upon aggregation of a primary particle that is a lithium complex oxide particle in which at least nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) are solid-solved as transition metals, wherein an average composition of the whole of the secondary particle is represented by the following formula (1): LixCoyNizM1-y-zOb-aXa ??Formula (1) wherein an existent amount of cobalt (Co) becomes large from a center of the primary particle toward the surface thereof; and an existent amount of cobalt (Co) in the primary particle existing in the vicinity of the surface of the secondary particle is larger than an existent amount of cobalt (Co) in the primary particle existing in the vicinity of the center of the secondary particle.

Abstract: A positive electrode active substance comprising a lithium-containing metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1): LiFe1-xMxP1-ySiyO4??(1) wherein M represents an element selected from group III to group XIV; 0<x<1; and 0<y<1, having a volume of a unit lattice of 291.4 to 300.0 ?3 or 285.0 to 291.0 ?3, and having a half value width of a diffraction peak of a (011) surface of 0.30° or more.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery having improved output characteristics is provided. A high voltage mixed positive electrode active material has an even profile without causing a rapid voltage drop over the entire SOC area by improving a rapid voltage drop phenomenon occurring due to the difference between the operation voltages of mixed lithium transition metal oxides, and improves output characteristics at a low voltage. The lithium secondary battery includes the mixed positive electrode active material. In particular, the lithium secondary battery can sufficiently satisfy the required conditions such as output characteristics, capacity, stability, and the like, when it is used as a power source of a midsize or large device such as an electric vehicle.

Abstract: A negative active material, an electrode including the same, and a lithium battery including the electrode. The negative active material has no volumetric expansion and has high solubility with respect to lithium. In addition, the negative active material is in the form of spherical particles, and thus does not require a separate granulating process. Moreover, the negative active material may enhance the capacity of a lithium battery.

Abstract: This invention relates to a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method of preparing the same and a lithium secondary battery including the same. This negative active material exhibits high capacity and superior cycle-life characteristics and is thus usefully employed in a lithium secondary battery which shows high capacity during high-rate charge•discharge.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to carbon nano-tube composites and particularly to carbon nano-tube compositions for electrochemical energy storage devices and a method for making the same.

Abstract: A battery cathode comprises an electrode of silver, molybdenum, oxygen, fluorine and chlorine and having a higher discharge capacity expressed as milliampere hour per gram of material (mAh/g) available from silver reduction at a potential above 3V as compared to that of SVO material versus lithium. The battery cathode compound can be represented by Ag6 Mo2O7F3Cl. The cathode is devoted for primary lithium batteries application and most notably can be used in a medical battery, such as a defibrillator battery [e.g. implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) battery] having a lithium metal anode.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to negative active materials for lithium rechargeable batteries and to lithium rechargeable batteries including the negative active materials. The negative active material includes a crystalline carbon material having pores, and amorphous conductive nanoparticles in the pores, on the surface of the crystalline carbon, or both in the pores and on the surface of the crystalline carbon. The conductive nanoparticles have a FWHM of about 0.35 degrees (°) or greater at the crystal plane that produces the highest peak as measured by X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: Electrode assemblies for use in electrochemical cells are provided. The negative electrode assembly comprises negative electrode active material and an electrolyte chosen specifically for its useful properties in the negative electrode. These properties include reductive stability and ability to accommodate expansion and contraction of the negative electrode active material. Similarly, the positive electrode assembly comprises positive electrode active material and an electrolyte chosen specifically for its useful properties in the positive electrode. These properties include oxidative stability and the ability to prevent dissolution of transition metals used in the positive electrode active material. A third electrolyte can be used as separator between the negative electrode and the positive electrode.

Abstract: A negative electrode active material including mesoporous silica having mesopores filled with a metal and a lithium battery including the same.

Abstract: The present invention aims to increase the discharge capacity and to improve the cycle life performance in a nickel-metal hydride rechargeable battery using a La—Mg—Ni based hydrogen-absorbing alloy as an active material of a negative electrode. The present invention provides a hydrogen-absorbing alloy represented by the general formula (1): M1uMgvCawM2xNiyM3z . . . (1) (wherein, M1 is one or more elements selected from rare earth elements; M2 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Group 3A elements; Group 4A elements, Group 5A elements, and Pd (excluding rare earth elements); M3 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Group 6A elements, Group 7A elements, Group 8 elements, Group 1B elements, Group 2B elements, and Group 3B elements (excluding Ni and Pd); u, v, w, x, y, and z are numbers satisfying, u+v+w+x+y+z=100, 3.4?v?5.9, 0.8?w?3.1, 0?(x+z)?5, and 3.2?(y+z)/(u+v+w+x)?3.

Abstract: Zinc electrodes for use in batteries, the electrode containing an organic gelling agent, an organic binding agent, calcium zincate and an electro-active element. A method of manufacturing such electrodes, and use of such electrodes in primary and secondary batteries.

Abstract: Provided are a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same. The cathode active material includes a lithium composite oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. Li[LizA]O2 A={M11-x-y(M10.78Mn0.22)x}M2y??[Chemical Formula 1] In Chemical Formula, M1 and M2 are independently one or more selected from a transition element, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof, M1 and M2 are elements that are different from each other, ?0.05?z?0.1, 0.8?x+y?1.8, and 0.05?y?0.35, and Ni has an oxidation number of 2.01 to 2.4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite material for a negative electrode, including: a plurality of iron oxide particles; and a conductivity improver, which is selected form the group consisting of copper, cobalt, nickel, tin, antimony, bismuth, indium, silver, gold, lead, cadmium, carbon black, graphite, copper salt, cobalt salt, nickel salt, tin salt, antimony salt, bismuth salt, indium salt, silver salt, gold salt, lead salt, cadmium salt, copper hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, nickel hydroxide, stannic hydroxide, antimony hydroxide, bismuth hydroxide, indium hydroxide, silver hydroxide, gold hydroxide, lead hydroxide, cadmium hydroxide and the combination thereof. In the case of applying the composite material for a negative electrode according to the present invention in an electrochemical device, the improved charge/discharge characteristics and high capacity can be achieved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cost effective process of generating LixMyZO4/carbon composite material. Further, this novel method of preparation can be modified by adding a dopant and the calcinations can be carried out using microwave heating to reduce the synthesis time and cost. The LixMyZO4/carbon composite material can be used as a cathode for a secondary electrochemical cell. Selection of one or more metals in the cathode material can be used change the voltage, the capacity, and the energy density of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A primary battery includes a cathode having a cathode active material including a blend or composite of ?-MnO2 and one or more additional cathode active materials, an anode, a separator between the cathode and the anode, and an alkaline electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention provides composition comprising at least one lithium-containing transition metal sulfide and carbon, wherein particles of the carbon are dispersed at the microscopic level on individual particles of the lithium-containing transition metal sulfide.

Abstract: A battery anode comprised of a coated metallic nanowire array is disclosed. In one embodiment, an array of copper nanowires is attached to a copper substrate and coated with amorphous silicon. The center to center spacing of the nanowires and their diameter and the coating thickness are set so that the silicon coating of neighboring nanowires does not touch or severely inhibit electrolyte flow after the silicon layer has expanded due to charge insertion. In another embodiment, the silicon coating fully covers the nanowires and the nanowires provide structural support that ameliorates stress in the silicon film due to charge cycling.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode and a method of preparing the same. The electrode of the present invention is prepared by forming a nanostructured conductor comprising a metal or metal oxide on a substrate and forming an active material comprising metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the nanostructured conductor. The electrode of the present invention can be used in various electrochemical devices such as energy storage devices including secondary batteries, supercapacitors, etc., photocatalyst elements, thermoelectric elements, or composite elements thereof. Moreover, the electrode of the present invention can be applied to a lithium secondary battery, in which intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions is performed, and especially applied to a negative electrode of the lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: Primary alkaline batteries containing pentavalent bismuth metal oxides are disclosed.