Abstract: An apparatus estimating a state of charge (SOC)-open circuit voltage (OCV) profile, including: a storage unit storing: a beginning of life (BOL) positive electrode (PE) half-cell SOC-OCV profile and available range (AR), a BOL negative electrode (NE) half-cell SOC-OCV profile and AR, and a BOL full-cell SOC-OCV profile and total capacity (TC), and a control unit estimating a full-cell SOC-OCV profile at middle of life (MOL), including: an AR determination module for: calculating an MOL full-cell TC while a secondary battery is fully charged/discharged at MOL, and determining the MOL PE and NE ARs so a ratio of the MOL to the BOL full-cell TCs equals a ratio of the MOL to the BOL PE ARs and a ratio of the MOL to the BOL NE ARs, and a profile management module for: estimating, as an MOL full-cell SOC-OCV profile, a differential profile, and updating the BOL full-cell SOC-OCV profile.

Abstract: A method for charging a rechargeable battery comprises estimating an initial state of charge of the battery (SOC0), which may be estimated based on a time to polarization or an initial voltage of the battery. The method also comprises charging the battery according to a first charging strategy if the initial state of charge (SOC0) is greater than a threshold state of charge (SOCX) and according to a second charging strategy if the initial state of charge (SOC0) is less than the threshold state of charge (SOCX). The first charging strategy comprises charging, by charging circuitry, the battery at a temperature-independent constant charge voltage (CVXT) and at a first current (I1) with power provided from a power source in electrical communication with the charging circuitry.

Abstract: A vehicle battery pack includes: a battery cell; a casing that has a heat dissipation property for discharging heat outside the casing and houses the battery cell in a housing space; a first solid-liquid phase change material that directly comes in contact with the battery cell and fills the housing space; a second solid-liquid phase change material that has a heat storage property and has a second phase change temperature higher than a first phase change temperature of the first solid-liquid phase change material; and a heat storage container that has thermal conductivity and has an internal space filled with the second solid-liquid phase change material. The heat storage container is housed in the housing space of the casing, and has an outer wall surface that comes in contact with an inner wall surface of the casing.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of battery technologies, and disclose a pre-charging circuit for a high voltage battery pack and a pre-charging method therefor. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, during a charging process, a control module switches on a charging switching module and switches off a charging pre-charging module after determining that a voltage at the first end of the charging switching module and a voltage at the second end of the charging switching module comply with a first constraint relationship; during a discharging process, the control module switches on the main positive switching module and switches off the main positive pre-charging module after determining that a voltage at the first end of the main positive switching module and a voltage at the second end of the main positive switching module comply with a second constraint relationship.

Abstract: A battery module comprising an electric cell and a potting compound associated with the electric cell. The potting compound is formed of a flame retardant component; a first component having an isocyanate reactive compound and water; and a second component having an isocyanate compound. The potting compound is a foam.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a secondary battery having a structure for suppressing multi-tab short circuits, and the technical problem to be solved is providing a secondary battery capable of increasing the insulation level of multi-tabs by forming insulating layers on the multi-tabs of an electrode assembly. To this end, the present invention provides a secondary battery comprising: a case; an electrode assembly accommodated inside the case and having multi-tabs; and a cap plate closing the case and having electrode terminals electrically connected to the multi-tabs of the electrode assembly, wherein the surfaces of the multi-tabs are coated with insulating layers.

Abstract: A film-shaped coating layer including at least one lithium ion conductive compound having a band gap of 5.5 eV to 10 eV formed on the surface of a core including a lithium composite metal oxide to a thickness at which dielectric breakdown does not occur according to types of the lithium ion conductive compound and the lithium composite metal oxide under charge and discharge conditions. Thereby, an oxidation/reduction reaction is suppressed by blocking the movement of electrons at an interface between an active material and an electrolyte solution by the coating layer which surrounds the surface of particles and has lithium ion conductivity, and, as a result, a positive electrode active material for a secondary battery, which may improve energy density of an electrode and life characteristics of a battery, and a secondary battery including the same are provided.

Abstract: A thermal management system and method for regulating the dissipation of a thermal load during operation of a vehicle. The thermal management system including one or more cooling loops configured to regulate the temperature of at least one battery pack; and an energy recovery mechanism configured to recover energy dissipated upon the occurrence of a thermal runaway event. The amount of energy recovered maintains the power level at or above the level exhibited by the battery pack prior to the occurrence of the thermal runaway event. Upon the occurrence of the thermal runaway event, the energy recovery mechanism transforms the cooling loop into a Rankine cycle loop or uses a Seebeck effect to recover energy.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment of the inventive test method, heat is externally applied to an electrochemical “trigger” test cell via a heating element that receives electrical current from a power supply that is characterized by approximately the same impedance as the trigger test cell. For instance, the power supply and the trigger cell can be same or similar cells. The trigger test cell is proximate “propagation-vulnerable” test cells in a cell pack. Because of the impedance-matching between the power supply and the trigger test cell, the ensuing propagative behavior is at least substantially attributable to the short-circuit current failure of the trigger cell as brought about by the externally applied heat. The energy and/or power characterizing the power supply's current at least approximately equates to the energy and/or power characterizing the trigger test cell's short circuit current. Exemplary inventive testing is propitiously representative of real-world propagative failure events.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a secondary battery module capable of optically transmitting measurement data on characteristics of cells forming a battery pack and further reducing a complicated procedure of wiring. The secondary battery module of the present disclosure includes: a battery pack in which a plurality of cell units are connected, each of the cell units including a cell and a light-emitting unit, the cell including a stacked unit and an electrolyte, the light-emitting unit being configured to measure characteristics of the cell and generate an optical signal according to the characteristics; and an optical waveguide into which an optical signal is introduced from the light-emitting unit of each of the cell units, wherein the number of optical waveguides is less than the number of optical signals, and the optical waveguide provides a common optical path through which optical signals are propagated from the light-emitting units provided in the battery pack.

Abstract: An electrolyte element (10) comprises a perforated sheet (11) of non-reactive metal such as an aluminium-bearing ferritic steel, and a non-permeable ceramic layer (16b) of sodium-ion-conducting ceramic bonded to one face of the perforated sheet (11) by a porous ceramic sub-layer (16a). The perforated sheet (11) may be of thickness in the range 50 ?m up to 500 ?m, and the thickness of the non-permeable ceramic layer (16b) may be no more than 50 ?m, for example 20 ?m or 10 ?m. Thus the electrolyte properties are provided by the non-permeable thin layer (16b) of ceramic, while mechanical strength is provided by the perforated sheet (11). The electrolyte element (10) may be used in a rechargeable molten sodium-metal halide cell, in particular a sodium/nickel chloride cell (20). It makes cells with increased power density possible.

Abstract: A battery and supercapacitor system of a vehicle includes a lithium ion battery (LIB) having first and second electrodes, and a supercapacitor having third and fourth electrodes. A first reference electrode is disposed between the first and second electrodes and is configured to measure a first potential at a location between the first and second electrodes. A second reference electrode is disposed between the third and fourth electrodes and is configured to measure a second potential at a location between the third and fourth electrodes. The first electrode may be connected to the third electrode, and the second electrode may be connected to the fourth electrode. The first and second reference electrodes may not be connected to any of the first, second, third, or fourth electrodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a binder solution for all-solid-state batteries. The binder solution includes a polymer binder, a first solvent, and an ion-conductive additive, wherein the ion-conductive additive includes lithium salt and a second solvent, which is different from the first solvent.

Abstract: A cooling system control method for an autonomous driving controller may include detecting the temperature of the autonomous driving controller by the controller when a vehicle is driving; determining whether a current temperature of the autonomous driving controller is lower than a target temperature by the controller; and terminating the controlling of the cooling system if the condition is satisfied in determining whether the current temperature of the autonomous driving controller is lower than the target temperature.

Abstract: An electrode tab is described. The electrode tab including a base layer and an outer layer disposed on the base layer. The base layer including a sensor.

Abstract: A battery monitoring device includes a controller connected to terminals of a battery for monitoring the charging of the battery. A flow sensor is connected to a watering conduit to monitor a watering condition of the battery. A probe may be provided in communication with the electrolyte within each cell of the battery for monitoring electrolyte levels. A fan is operated by the controller if a temperature sensor senses the temperature of the battery is above a prescribed temperature threshold or if the voltage monitored across the terminals is indicative of completion of a charging cycle of the battery. An indicator coupled to the controller serves to indicate when watering of the battery is needed according to watering criteria, or to indicate when a watering of the battery has been completed.

Abstract: A bus bar assembly for electrically connecting a plurality of battery cells having electrode leads includes a fixed bus bar provided in the form of a rod-shaped conductor; a pair of movable bus bars disposed to be spaced from both sides of the fixed bus bar in a lateral direction with the fixed bus bar being interposed therebetween to form a fitting space respectively between the pair of movable bus bars and the fixed bus bar so that at least one electrode lead can be inserted therein; and an adhering member configured to move the pair of movable bus bars close to the fixed bus bar when an electrode lead is located in each fitting space so that the electrode leads can be adhered to the fixed bus bar.

Abstract: A rechargeable, self-heating aluminum-chalcogen battery is provided, with an aluminum or aluminum alloy negative electrode, a positive electrode of elemental chalcogen, and a mixture of chloride salts providing a molten salt electrolyte. The predominant chloride salt in the electrolyte is AlCl3. Additional chloride salts are chosen from alkali metal chlorides. The cell operates at a modestly elevated temperatures, ranging from 90° C. to 250° C.

Abstract: Crystalline material, phototransistor, and methods of fabrication thereof. The crystalline material comprising a plurality of stacked two-dimensional black phosphorous carbide layers.

Abstract: A secondary battery inspection apparatus includes a support unit configured to support a secondary battery set including at least one secondary battery, an X-ray source configured to radiate an X-ray beam to the secondary battery set, and an X-ray detector configured to detect the X-ray beam generated from the X-ray source and passing through the secondary battery set, wherein the secondary battery set is divided into an interest area and a non-interest area, the support unit rotates the secondary battery set in place, and at least one selected from a division angle between a plurality of X-ray radiation points and an X-ray radiation time is differentiated depending on whether the X-ray source photographs the interest area or whether the X-ray source photographs the non-interest area.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described that maintain and service electric vehicle battery packs and assemblies. The methods and systems automatically remove a used battery pack from an electric vehicle, replace the used battery pack with a charged battery pack, and service the removed used battery pack for subsequent vehicle installation. The servicing of the used battery pack includes removing a desiccant cartridge from the used battery pack and renewing a desiccant material associated with the desiccant cartridge. This desiccant material may be renewed by drying the desiccant cartridge using a heater. The used battery pack may be conveyed to a battery charger to charge the used battery pack to a predetermined charge level. The renewed, dry, desiccant cartridge may be attached to any battery pack and installed in an electric vehicle after the battery pack has been charged.

Abstract: In order to realize temperature control of a battery in a simplified manner, a control module having a coolant control valve, a coolant temperature sensor and a coolant pump is provided. The coolant control valve, the coolant temperature sensor and the coolant pump are integrally assembled to form the control module.

Abstract: A cell voltage measurement unit measures a voltage of each of a plurality of cells that are series-connected. A total voltage measurement unit measures a total voltage of the plurality of cells. A controller manages an internal impedance of each of the plurality of cells. The controller detects a ripple of the total voltage measured by the total voltage measurement unit, estimates a ripple of each cell voltage by multiplying the detected ripple of the total voltage by a ratio of the internal impedance of each cell to a resultant internal impedance of the plurality of cells, and determines whether the ripple of each cell voltage is within an allowable voltage range.

Abstract: Provided are a pouch case and a secondary battery using the same. The pouch case includes a first receiving part and a second receiving part which are concavely formed; a sealing part formed along an outer portion of the pouch case so as to surround the first receiving part and the second receiving part; and a partitioning part formed between the first receiving part and the second receiving part and protruding from a bottom surface of each receiving part to partition the first receiving part and the second receiving part. As one side surface of the secondary battery in which an electrode assembly is received and packaged in the pouch case is formed in a plane form, a flat side surface is in close contact with a cooling plate, thereby maximizing cooling efficiency of the secondary battery.

Abstract: A redox flow battery system including a cell and a monitor cell to which a same electrolyte solution is supplied; a current measuring unit that measures a current that is input to and output from the cell; a voltage measuring unit that measures an open circuit voltage of the monitor cell; and a computing unit. The computing unit includes a first processing unit, a second processing unit, and a third processing unit. The first processing unit computes an integral value obtained by integrating a current value measured by the current measuring unit, for an amount of time corresponding to a predetermined time constant. The second processing unit computes a corrected voltage value based on a measured voltage value measured by the voltage measuring unit and the integral value. And the third processing unit calculates a first state-of-charge value of the electrolyte solution from the corrected voltage value.

Abstract: An electrode structure and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The disclosed electrode structures may be manufactured by depositing a first release layer on a first carrier substrate. A first protective layer may be deposited on a surface of the first release layer and a first electroactive material layer may then be deposited on the first protective layer. Subsequently, the first carrier substrate may be delaminated from the first release layer. The first release layer may then be removed from the first protective layer by dissolution in an electrolyte. The first protective layer may have a low mean peak to valley surface roughness and/or may be thin. In some embodiments, an interface between the first protective layer and the first electroactive material layer has a low mean peak to valley surface roughness. In some embodiments, a thickness of the first protective layer is greater than a mean peak to valley roughness of the first release layer.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode active material comprising a lithium composite oxide and a covering material which covers a surface of the lithium composite oxide. The lithium composite oxide is a multi-phase mixture including a first phase having a crystal structure which belongs to a monoclinic crystal; a second phase having a crystal structure which belongs to a hexagonal crystal; and a third phase having a crystal structure which belongs to a cubical crystal. The lithium composite oxide has an integral intensity ratio I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°) of not less than 0.05 and not more than 0.99, where the integral intensity I(?°-?°) is an integral intensity of a peak which is a maximum peak present within a range of a diffraction angle 2? of not less than ?° and not more than ?° in an X-ray diffraction pattern of the lithium composite oxide. The covering material has an electronic conductivity of not more than 106 S/m.

Abstract: A nickel-hydrogen secondary battery includes an electrode group comprising a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and the positive electrode contains a positive electrode active material including a base particle comprising a nickel hydroxide particle containing Mn in solid solution and a conductive layer comprising a Co compound and covering the surface of the base particle, wherein the X-ray absorption edge energy of Mn detected within 6500 to 6600 eV by measurement with an XAFS method is 6548 eV or higher.

Abstract: A battery module or battery pack is provided having a serpentine counter flow cold plate with improved dissipation of heat from individual battery cells, wherein the cold plate provides a more uniform temperature gradient across the cold plate to more evenly transfer heat from the battery cells to liquid coolant circulating through the cold plate. The cold plate selectively omits turbulator material upstream of turbulators to control and govern the coolant fed into and through the turbulators to provide a more uniform temperature gradient across the cooling surfaces.

Abstract: A separator capable of simultaneously solving the problems caused by lithium polysulfide and lithium dendrite generated in a conventional lithium-sulfur battery wherein the separator includes a porous substrate coated with graphene oxide and boron nitride on at least one side, and a lithium-sulfur battery including the same.

Abstract: A vehicle having a traction battery with at least one cell includes a controller coupled to the traction battery and programmed to modify traction battery current in response to a difference between a lithium plating parameter target value and a lithium plating parameter actual value to reduce the difference. The lithium plating parameter or indicator may be based on a differential open circuit voltage of a battery cell, or a ratio of differential voltage of the at least one cell as a function of time to cell charging rate of the at least one cell.

Abstract: A solid-state battery that includes a cathode layer which occludes and discharges an electrode reactant ion, an anode layer which occludes and discharges the electrode reactant ion and partially faces the cathode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer between the cathode layer and the anode layer and including a high ion conductivity portion in a first region in which the cathode layer and the anode layer face each other, and a low ion conductivity portion facing the cathode layer in a second region in which the cathode layer and the anode layer do not face each other.

Abstract: Provided are lithium ion batteries including a nano-crystalline graphene electrode. The lithium ion battery includes a cathode on a cathode current collector, an electrolyte layer on the cathode, an anode on the electrolyte layer, and an anode current collector on the anode. The anode and the cathode include a plurality of grains having a size in a range from about 5 nm to about 100 nm. The cathode has a double bonded structure in which a carbon of the graphene is combined with oxygen.

Abstract: A positive electrode composition is described, containing granules of at least one electroactive metal, at least one alkali metal halide and carbon black. An energy storage device and an uninterruptable power supply device are also described. Related methods for the preparation of a positive electrode and an energy storage device are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a charging method and apparatus which is optimized based on an electrochemical model, the charging method includes estimating an internal state of a battery, determining a charging limitation condition corresponding to a plurality of charging areas based on the internal state, and charging the battery based on the charging limitation condition.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a battery; a display; a touch sensor configured to detect a touch on the display; a pressure sensor disposed between the display and the battery configured to detect a pressure on the display; and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to obtain a pressure signal using the pressure sensor, to identify, in response to the obtaining of the pressure signal, touch information including at least one of an occurrence of a touch signal and a position of the touch signal corresponding to the touch obtained through the touch sensor, and to adjust at least one characteristic related to charging of the battery based on at least a portion of the pressure signal and the touch information.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells and methods of making electrochemical cells are described herein. In some embodiments, an apparatus includes a multi-layer sheet for encasing an electrode material for an electrochemical cell. The multi-layer sheet including an outer layer, an intermediate layer that includes a conductive substrate, and an inner layer disposed on a portion of the conductive substrate. The intermediate layer is disposed between the outer layer and the inner layer. The inner layer defines an opening through which a conductive region of the intermediate layer is exposed such that the electrode material can be electrically connected to the conductive region. Thus, the intermediate layer can serve as a current collector for the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes an electrode structure, the electrode structure includes a positive electrode changing in volume by expansion or contraction during discharging or charging, and a negative electrode changing in volume in a reverse way to the positive. The positive electrode and the negative electrode have a volume ratio of 1.1 or more, the volume ratio being a value obtained by dividing the volume under expansion by the volume under contraction, and the positive electrode or the negative electrode has the volume ratio of 1.9 or more, and has a total volume ratio of 1.2 or less, the total value ratio being a value obtained by dividing a larger value by a smaller value with respect to a total volume of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in a discharged state and a total volume of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in a charged state.

Abstract: A redox flow battery is described that does not include ion-exchange resin such as an expensive proton exchange membrane but rather uses immiscible catholyte and anolyte liquids in contact at a liquid-liquid interface. Solvents and electrochemically active components of the anolyte and catholyte would not cross the liquid-liquid interface between the anolyte and catholyte, but certain ions in each of the anolyte and catholyte would cross the interface during charging and discharging of the redox flow battery. Suitable chemical options are described along with system options for utilizing immiscible phases.

Abstract: A dynamically disconnectable battery system for a motor vehicle, including a plurality of battery cells, having a respective battery cell housing with electrical connections by which the battery cells are electrically interconnected. In the battery cell housings there is arranged a respective cell branch connecting the connections to a galvanic cell. Each cell branch includes a switching element for opening and closing the cell branch; the battery system includes a control device, which is configured to actuate all the switching elements of the cell branches for the opening of the switching elements when the control device has received a danger signal from at least one sensor.

Abstract: A process for the absorption of a target gaseous component from a gas stream comprising the steps of: contacting the gas stream with an absorber comprising an liquid absorbent for absorbing the target gaseous component to produce a rich liquid absorbent stream and a non target gaseous component, said non target gaseous component including water vapour; treating the rich liquid absorbent stream in a desorber to thereby release the target gaseous component and a water vapour component into a desorber gas stream and produce a lean liquid absorbent stream; and forming a recovered water stream from the output of a water separator for separating the water vapour from the target gaseous component, said water separator forming part of the absorber and/or the desorber.

Abstract: Electrochemical energy storage devices utilize ionic conducting electrolyte solution to carry charge between positive and negative electrodes. The electrolyte solutions use a mixture of solvent and salt and additional components, or additives, for improved electrochemical stability of the device. In an exemplary embodiment, an electrochemical device includes an electrolyte and housing to provide a pressurized condition for the electrolyte, and electrodes in contact with the electrolyte.

Abstract: An electric vehicle may include a battery system with a plurality of battery packs electrically connected together. Each battery pack of the plurality of battery packs may include a plurality of battery cells. The electric vehicle may also include a cooling system configured to cool the plurality of battery packs. The electric vehicle may further include a control system configured to selectively operate the cooling system such that at least one battery pack of the plurality of battery packs is maintained at a temperature different from another battery pack of the plurality of battery packs.

Abstract: The present invention reliably prevents a problem caused by a short circuit. A short circuit protection device for a battery monitoring system according to the present invention includes: a battery that is an assembled battery including a plurality of battery cells; a battery monitoring apparatus for detecting the voltage of the battery; and a plurality of electric wires that connect the battery and the battery monitoring apparatus, and in each of which an eluting portion is formed midway in a lengthwise direction, the eluting portion being a portion where an insulating coating has been stripped and a core wire is exposed. When the eluting portions are immersed in an electrolyte, the eluting portions elute into the electrolyte, thereby melt and are cut off.

Abstract: A charging method for stably charging battery and extending power supply period for an electric vehicle includes: providing, according to a required voltage of a driving motor of an electric vehicle, a first battery group, which includes at least two electrically connected first batteries having a first internal resistance; separately providing at least one second battery, which has a voltage equal to a voltage of the first batteries and has a second internal resistance; electrically connecting each first battery of which a difference between the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance is less than or equal to 1.5? to the second battery; and charging the first battery group and the second battery, with a charging termination point being set as a voltage value of 75%-95% of an average voltage of the first battery group and a voltage value of 75%-95% of the voltage of the second battery.

Abstract: A high voltage distribution system is provided with multiple fuses. The high voltage distribution system includes multiple laminated busbars that are electrically coupled to a battery and to the multiple fuses. Busbars are electrically coupled to the one or more fuses via electrical connections between the busbars and the fuses. The electrical connections can pass through other busbars without having an electrical coupling to the other busbars. An insulating layer may be used between the busbars to prevent overcurrent events. The configuration, size, and position of each busbar is selected based on the electrical requirements of components that are electrically coupled to the busbar and based on the prevention of overcurrent events.

Abstract: Flow batteries can include a first half-cell containing a first aqueous electrolyte solution, a second half-cell containing a second aqueous electrolyte solution, and a separator disposed between the first half-cell and the second half-cell. The first aqueous electrolyte solution contains a first redox-active material, and the second aqueous electrolyte solution contains a second redox-active material. At least one of the first redox-active material and the second redox-active material is a nitroxide compound or a salt thereof. Particular nitroxide compounds can include a doubly bonded oxygen contained in a ring bearing the nitroxide group, a doubly bonded oxygen appended to a ring bearing the nitroxide group, sulfate or phosphate groups appended to a ring bearing the nitroxide group, various heterocyclic rings bearing the nitroxide group, or acyclic nitroxide compounds.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate generally to devices, systems and methods of producing high energy density batteries having a semi-solid cathode that is thicker than the anode. An electrochemical cell can include a positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode current collector and an ion-permeable membrane disposed between the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector. The ion-permeable membrane is spaced a first distance from the positive electrode current collector and at least partially defines a positive electroactive zone. The ion-permeable membrane is spaced a second distance from the negative electrode current collector and at least partially defines a negative electroactive zone. The second distance is less than the first distance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a monophasic electrolyte medium comprising: at least one alkaline-earth or alkaline metal salt, at least one hydrocarbon solvent, and between 1 and 50 vol. %, in relation to the total volume of said medium, of a hydrocarbon solubilising agent, different from said hydrocarbon solvent, of formula (I): Z-[(A)-(X)]q-(B)—Y.

Abstract: A system includes a battery cell and a graphene layer positioned on an outer surface of the battery cell. If the battery cell experiences a thermal runaway event, the graphene layer may help to direct any rupturing of the battery cell in a direction that may prevent the thermal runaway event from propagating to neighboring battery cells.