Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, including a cylindrical support, a charge generating layer formed on the cylindrical support, and a charge transport layer formed on the charge generating layer, in which in the charge generating layer, when a region from a central position of an image forming region to an end position of the image forming region in an axis direction of the cylindrical support is divided equally into five regions, film thicknesses of the charge generating layers in each of the regions satisfy a specific relationship with each other, and in the charge transport layer, when a region from the central position of the image forming region to the end position of the image forming region in the axis direction of the cylindrical support is divided equally into five regions, film thicknesses of the charge transport layers in each of the regions satisfy a specific relationship with each other.

Abstract: A negative charge controlling agent, wherein: the negative charge controlling agent comprises polycondensation product obtained by a polycondensation reaction of phenols and aldehydes; and the phenols comprises a (A) mononucleus phenolic compound which has one phenolic hydroxy group in which a hydrogen is bonded at the ortho position of a hydroxyl group of the phenolic hydroxy group and a (B) multinucleus phenolic compound which has at least two phenolic hydroxy groups in which a hydrogen is bonded at the ortho position of a hydroxyl group of each of the phenolic hydroxy group; and the content of the (B) phenolic compound in the phenols is 1 to 30 mol %.

Abstract: Reduced can be interferential streaks produced in a halftone image when using a photoreceptor support (also called a drawn tube) having been subjected to tool bit cutting processing, and provided can be an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of obtaining high quality in response to the light printing field or the like and an image forming method employing the electrophotographic photoreceptor. Also disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor possessing a cylindrical support and provided thereon, a photosensitive layer, the cylindrical support possessing a processing profile regularly formed along a central axis, provided on a circumferential surface of the cylindrical support, wherein the processing profile satisfies Formula 1: Formula 1 ?L?10 ?m, where ?L, represents a difference between a processing period width and another processing period width in a central axis direction of the cylindrical support in an image region.

Abstract: The carrier is used for a two-component developer for developing an electrostatic latent image, and includes a particulate magnetic core material; and a cover layer located on a surface of the particulate magnetic core material and including a crosslinked material. The crosslinked material is formed by hydrolyzing a copolymer including at least a unit (A) having a specific acrylic siloxane structure including a tris(trialkylsiloxy)silanyl group and a unit (B) having a specific acrylic silicone structure to form a material having a silanol group, and subjecting the material having a silanol group to a condensation reaction using an organic zirconium-containing catalyst.

Abstract: A carrier comprising a magnetic core particle having a shape factor SF-2 of 130 to 160 and a resin layer covering a surface of the magnetic core particle. The resin layer comprises a conductive particle and a resin obtained by heating a copolymer comprising a silicon-containing A unit and another silicon-containing B unit.

Abstract: An image-forming method includes forming an electrostatic image on an electrostatic image bearing member which has been charged; developing the electrostatic image to form a toner image; transferring the toner image on the electrostatic image bearing member with or without mediating an intermediate transferring member onto a transfer material; and fixing the toner image on the transfer material. The electrostatic image bearing member is a photosensitive member obtained by sequentially laminating a photoconductive layer and a surface layer formed of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, and a sum of an atomic density of silicon atoms and an atomic density of carbon atoms in the surface layer of the photosensitive member is 6.60×1022 atoms/cm3 or more. The toner has a binder resin and magnetic iron oxide particles, and the magnetic iron oxide particles contain Fe(2+) at a content of 20.0 mass % or more and 25.0 mass % or less.

Abstract: A carrier, including a magnetic particulate core material and a resin layer on the core material, wherein the resin layer includes a resin obtained by heat treatment of a copolymer including a site derived from a monomer component having the following formula (1) and a site derived from a monomer component having the following formula (2), and includes a cross-linked material obtained by hydrolysis of the copolymer to produce a silanol group and condensation using an organotitanium compound: wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; m represents an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; X represents 10 to 90 mol %; and Y represents 10 to 90 mol %.

Abstract: The carrier is used for a two-component developer for developing an electrostatic latent image, and includes a particulate magnetic core material; and a cover layer located on a surface of the core material and including a crosslinked material and barium sulfate. The cover layer is formed by applying a coating medium including barium sulfate, a copolymer including a unit (A) having a specific acrylic siloxane structure including a tris(trialkylsiloxy)silanyl group and a unit (B) having a specific acrylic silicone structure having a crosslinking ability, and a condensation reaction catalyst, heating the applied medium to a temperature of from 100° C. to 230° C. so that the copolymer is hydrolyzed to produce a material having a silanol group, and the material and the catalyst are subjected to a condensation reaction to form the crosslinked material.

Abstract: An image forming method includes using a charging device to charge a surface of a monolayer-type electrophotographic photoconductor that contains a specific amine compound, setting a projection area of the charging device per time relative to the photo sensitive layer surface of the electrophotographic photoconductor to be S (cm2), applying a current value to the charging device to be ICC (?A) and setting an inflow current value represented by ICC/S (?A/cm2) to a value within the range of from 5 to 25 ?A/cm2.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image print which has a toner-holding layer on an image-supporting substrate in which the toner-holding layer holds a toner image formed by toner particles, wherein the toner-holding layer is composed of a hydrogel having a water content of 10% by mass or more and not more than 90% by mass.

Abstract: Printed products, printing methods and methods for verifying authenticity of a printed product are provided. In one aspect, the printed product has a receiver and an image formed thereon by an electrophotographic process using toner particles, said image having at least one raised portion, wherein at least parts of said raised portion of said image comprise phosphorescent or fluorescent toner particles.

Abstract: A gallium phthalocyanine compound represented by the following chemical structure I, where X represents a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted alkenyl group, a substituted or non-substituted alkynyl group, a substituted or non-substituted aralkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted aryl group, or a hydrogen atom, where substitution groups thereof are an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, nitro group, amino group, an aryl group, carboxylic group, and cyano group, R1 to R16 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, nitro group, or aryl group, n represents an integer of from 1 to 3 but excluding a combination in which n is 1 and X is methyl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer overlying the conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer comprises a phthalimide isoindole derivative having a specific chemical formula.

Abstract: The carrier includes a particulate core material having magnetism; and a resin layer located on the surface of the particulate core material. The resin layer is prepared by forming a layer including a copolymer, which includes a unit (A) having a specific acrylic siloxane structure, a unit (B) having a specific acrylic silicone structure having a crosslinking ability, and a unit (C) having a specific acrylic structure in a specific ratio, on the particulate core material, and then subjecting the layer to a heat treatment to crosslink the layer.

Abstract: An image forming method and image forming apparatus based on the application thereof wherein comet-like deposits do not appear on the surface of the photoreceptor even after prolonged use of small-diameter toner, and there is no dropout or damage on the photoreceptor surface in the image forming process using an intermediate transfer member. This image forming method contains a process wherein the toner developed on an electrophotographic photoreceptor is transferred onto an intermediate transfer member, and the toner contains at least a metallic oxide and metallic soap added as external additive agents, and the protective layer contains a resin component obtained by reaction of at least a curable compound, and alumina particles.

Abstract: A photoreceptor includes a conductive support body, an intermediate layer, and a photosensitive layer. The intermediate layer is made of gallium nitride (GaN) crystals having electron affinity greater than that of the photosensitive layer and formed between and in contact with the conductive support body and the photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer is composed of either a single layer type photosensitive layer or a laminated type photosensitive layer.

Abstract: The presently disclosed embodiments relate in general to electrophotographic imaging members, such as layered photoreceptor structures, and processes for making and using the same. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to an improved photoreceptor that exhibits little to no response to injected charges and demonstrates excellent ghosting properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising on or over an electrically conductive support a photosensitive layer containing a pyranthrone compound represented by the following formula and the pyranthrone compound has a crystal structure exhibiting a CuK? X-ray diffraction spectrum having peaks at angles (2?±0.2°) of 12.3°, 20.5°, 25.3° and 28.3°.

Abstract: The present invention relates to photoconductive elements having an electrically conductive support, an electrical barrier layer and, disposed over the conductive layer, a charge generation layer capable of generating positive charge carriers when exposed to actinic radiation. The electrical barrier layer, which restrains injection of positive charge carriers from the conductive support, comprises a crosslinkable condensation polymer having as a repeating unit a planar, electron-deficient, tetracarbonylbisimide group and optionally a crosslinker.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including an image bearing member for bearing a latent electrostatic image including a substrate, an intermediate layer containing a metal oxide and a photosensitive layer containing a charge transport layer and a charge generating layer containing an organic charge generating material, a charging device for charging the image bearing member, a writing device for writing the latent electrostatic image on the image bearing member by irradiating the image bearing member with light having a wavelength shorter than 450 nm which the metal oxide absorbs so that carriers can be generated, a developing device for developing the latent electrostatic image with a toner to form a visualized image, a transfer device for transferring the visualized image to a recording medium, a fixing device for fixing the transferred image on the recording image, and a discharging device for optically discharging residual charges on the image bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming method is disclosed having a charging step, an exposure step, a developing step and a transfer step. This method uses a toner which includes toner particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, and inorganic fine powder, and uses a photosensitive member which has on its surface depressed portions which are independent of one another. The depressed portions have openings having an average minor-axis diameter Lpc satisfying the relationship of Dg<Lpc<Dt (Dt represents the weight-average particle diameter of the toner, and Dg represents the maximum number-average particle diameter among number-average particle diameter(s) of one or two or more types of inorganic fine powder constituting the inorganic fine powder, and the toner has an average circularity of from 0.925 to 0.995.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor showing high responsivity even under a low temperature and low humidity circumstance and capable of compatibilize the decrease of the size and the increase in the image forming speed of an electrophotographic apparatus. In a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, oxotitanium phthalocyanine having a crystal form showing a diffraction peak at a Bragg angle 2? (error: 2?±0.2°) of 27.2° in an X-ray diffraction spectrum is contained as a charge generating substance, and an enamine compound represented by the general formula for example, the structural formula (1-1) is contained as a charge transporting substance. Accordingly, the electrophotographic photoreceptor showing high responsivity even under a low temperature and low humidity circumstance is realized.

Abstract: An organic-inorganic hybrid material, including a charge transportable organic polymer and a metal oxide.

Abstract: An image is formed by projecting an image by way of an image irradiating device onto an image bearing member configured to operate at a linear velocity of at least 300 mm/sec, and which is constructed of(i) an electroconductive substrate having an image bearing surface that has an established surface charge having an electric field intensity of at least 32.

Abstract: A polyester resin for toner, wherein an acid component of the polyester comprises (1) disproportionated rosin and (2) terephthalic acid and/or isophthalic acid, an alcohol component of the polyester comprises (3) glycidyl ester of tertiary fatty acid and (4) an aliphatic diol containing from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and a cross-linking component of the polyester comprises a polycarboxylic acid having three or more carboxyl groups and/or a polyol having three or more hydroxyl groups, with the molar ratio of the acid component (1) to the acid component (2), (1)/(2), being from 0.2 to 0.6 and the molar ratio of the alcohol component (3) to the alcohol component (4), (3)/(4), being from 0.05 to 0.4. A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image contains the polyester resin for a toner (binder resin), a colorant and a charge control agent. Further, the invention also relates to an image-forming method using the toner for developing an electrostatic charge image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to photoconductive elements having an electrically conductive support, an electrical barrier layer and, disposed over the barrier layer, a charge generation layer capable of generating positive charge carriers when exposed to actinic radiation. The electrical barrier layer, which restrains injection of positive charge carriers from the conductive support, comprises a crosslinker, a crosslinkable condensation polymer having as a repeating unit a planar, electron-deficient, tetracarbonylbisimide group.

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor, comprising a conductive support, an intermediate layer provided on the conductive support, having a thickness of 6 to 25 ?m and containing inorganic particles having a number average primary particle diameter of 5 to 200 ?m; and a photosensitive layer provided on the intermediate layer and having a thickness of 8 to 18 ?m, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer is larger than that of the photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A flexible imaging member which does not require the use of an anti-curl back coating is disclosed herein. The flexible imaging member has a layer comprising two charge transport molecules dispersed in a film-forming polymer binder. The first charge transport molecule is a biphenyl amine, terphenyl diamine, or bis(triarylamine) stilbene. The second charge transport molecule is a bis(triarylamine), tri-p-tolylamine, or triphenylamine. The weight ratio of second charge transport molecule to first charge transport molecule is from about 90:10 to about 67:33. Trifluoro acetic acid is also added to the layer containing the charge transport material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor to be used in an image forming apparatus having a charge providing means by contacting a charging member to an electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor has at least an interlayer, a charge generation layer and a charge transfer layer each provided on an electroconductive substrate, and the interlayer has a thickness of from 5 to 25 ?m and the charge transfer layer has a thickness of from 5 to 20 ?m. An image forming apparatus, image forming method and cartridge for the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: There are described an image forming method and apparatus, which enable to form an electrophotographic image having high image density and excellent color reproducibility. The method includes: applying a uniform surface potential to an organic photoreceptor; irradiating light, having a wavelength in a range of 350-500 nm, on the photoreceptor, to form a latent image on the photoreceptor; and contacting a developing blush, containing toner and carrier, with the organic photoreceptor so as to form a visible toner image. The developing sleeve bears developing agent including the toner and the carrier. An absolute value of an electric charge potential of non-exposed area on the organic photoreceptor is in a range of 250-450 Volts and the developing sleeve is rotated in a counter direction, being counter to a rotating direction of the organic photoreceptor.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a surface layer having a contact angle of 90 to 130° on a cylindrical conductive substrate having a cylindricity of 5 to 40 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image-forming method, including pseudo-halftone-processing an input signal corresponding to image information to generate an output signal; irradiating a radiation beam corresponding to the output signal onto a latent image-holding member to form a latent image; developing the latent image with a developer including a toner containing a binder resin and a colorant to form a toner image on the latent image-holding member; transferring the toner image onto a recording medium; and fixing the toner image on the recording medium to form an image, wherein: when a halftone image is formed as the image, the toner image formed on the latent image-holding member is composed of plural toner aggregates scattered like dots on the latent image-holding member; the diameter of the radiation beam irradiated onto the latent image-holding member is 35 ?m or more; the pseudo-halftone processing results in the toner aggregates, which have been transferred onto the recording medium, having uneven

Abstract: The present invention is a photoconductive element that includes an electrically conductive support, an electrical barrier layer disposed over said electrically conductive support, and disposed over said barrier layer, a charge generation layer capable of generating positive charge carriers when exposed to actinic radiation. The barrier layer includes a vinyl polymer with aromatic tetracarbonylbisimide side groups and crosslinking sites.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor which comprises a layer on a support, wherein the photoreceptor satisfies a condition represented by Formulas 1 and 2; 0<Pmax<2PFormula 1 2?(Pmax/D)×100?50Formula 2 wherein P represents an average of the layer thickness in ?m at the central position in the width direction of image forming area of the support, Pmax represents is an average of the largest value of the layer thickness in ?m without the image forming area, D represents an average of the distance in ?m from the point where the largest value is formed to the edge of the layer and a image forming method and an apparatus using the same.