Abstract: Photoluminescent materials useful for detection of infrared light are prepared using a base material, first and second dopants, barium sulfate and a fusable salt. The base material is an alkaline earth metal sulfide or selenide such as strontium sulfide. Barium sulfate is used to increase the brightness of output light, whereas lithium fluoride is used to allow the material to be fused together. Samarium and europium oxide are used as the first and second dopants for providing electron traps. The photoluminescent material is made according to a process involving heating of the material to a fusing temperature, grinding the material after cooling, and reheating the material to below the fusing temperature, but sufficiently high to repair the crystal surfaces. The material is then placed in a transparent binder and applied to a substrate.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material having at least one silver halide emulsion layer having been spectrally sensitized with adsorbable spectral sensitizing dye is disclosed, wherein a hydrophilic dispersion medium contains a substantially non-adsorbable luminescent dye which is easily removable by development processing the satisfies the following conditions (1) to (3):(1) The luminescent dye has an equilibrium adsorption of not more than 5.times.10.sup.-7 mol per m.sup.2 of silver bromide grain surface in a 5% by weight gelatin aqueous solution containing silver bromide grains whose outer surface is composed substantially of a [111] face under conditions of 40.degree. C. in temperature, 6.5.+-.0.05 in pH, and 10.sup.-4 mol/l in dye concentration in the solution phase;(2) The luminescent dye has an emission quantium yield of not less than 0.1 at room temperature in dry gelatin at a concentration of 10.sup.-4 mol/dm.sup.

Abstract: In a stimulable phosphor sheet comprising a support, a phosphor layer containing a stimulable phosphor and a binder, and a protective film superposed in this order,the improvement in which at least the front end of the phosphor sheet is provided with a stiff reinforcing member extending along said end: orthe improvement in which at least a portion on the back surface adjoining the front end of the phosphor sheet is provided with a stiff reinforcing member extending in the width direction.

Abstract: A double coated radiographic element is disclosed comprised of a dye coated between an emulsion layer and a support to reduce crossover to less than 10 percent. The dye is present in the form of microcrystalline particles, yet is capable of being decolorized in less than 90 seconds during processing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transfer imaging sheet wherein an image is invisible in visible light but apparent under ultraviolet or infrared radiation. The transfer imaging sheet comprises an imaging sheet having a coating on one surface thereof of an image forming agent selected from the group consisting of an ultraviolet-readable fluorescer and an infrared-readable dye, and a radiation curable composition which undergoes an increase in viscosity upon exposure to actinic radiation. The radiation curable composition is encapsulated in rupturable microcapsules as an internal phase, and preferably, the image forming agent is encapsulated with the radiation curable composition.

Abstract: There are disclosed a radiation image storage panel which comprises a stimulable phosphor layer on a support, wherein the stimulable phosphor layer has a fine pillar-shaped block structure, and a process of making a radiation image storage panel having a stimulable phosphor layer on a support, which comprises getting the stimulable phosphor layer having a fine pillar-shaped block structure. Scattering of the stimulation exciting light within the stimulable phosphor layer of the present invention can be markedly reduced since the stimulable phosphor layer has a block structure shaped in fine pillars, whereby it is possible to improve sharpness of the image. Also, radiation sensitivity and graininess of the image can be improved by enlargement of the stimulable phosphor layer without lowering sharpness of the image since lowering in sharpness of the image due to increase of the stimulable phosphor layer is little.

Abstract: A wide-dynamic-range wide latitude silver halide film is used for X-ray intensifying screen exposure and subsequent computer enhancement of the images produced thereon. The enhanced image is equivalent to images produced by a host of individual films and screens.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radiation image storage panel having at least one stimulable phosphor layer on a support and a protective layer provided on the stimulable phosphor layer, wherein the protective layer comprises at least two layers of which regains under a relative humidity of 90% on a sorption isotherm at 25.degree. C. are different by 0.5% or more.According to this invention, a radiation image storage panel which has good humidity resistance and can be used for a long term is obtained.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lithographic mask structure which comprises a masking material support film and an annular support substrate for supporting the masking material support film at the periphery, the masking material support film containing a fluorescent substance. Also disclosed is a lithographic process for exposing a photosensitive material to irradiation with a radiation beam through a masking material support film provided with a masking material pattern-wise.

Abstract: The subject invention provides an autofluorography kit composition comprising (i) a first aqueous solution of a water soluble fluor having a formula selected from R--CO.sub.2 --X; R--SO.sub.3 --X; and R--NH.sub.3 --Y; where X and Y are any counterion capable of imparting water solubility, and R is a fluor molecule; and (ii) a second aqueous solution of a precipitator capable of precipitating the water soluble fluor in an electrophoresis gel matrix.

Abstract: An image bearing member for forming a toner image on the surface thereof characterized in that said surface has a maximum surface roughness of 20 .mu.m or less, and an average surface roughness satisfying the relation of r.ltoreq.2d between the average surface roughness and a toner particle size, wherein r is the average surface roughness; and d is a mean particle size of the toner particles; a contact angle with water at least 70 degrees; or a pencil hardness of F or harder as measured according to the JIS test method K-5400; a process for forming image with said member, and an utility thereof.

Abstract: A stimulable phosphor sheet comprising a support, a phosphor layer containing a stimulable phosphor and a binder, and a protective film superposed in this order, which is characterized in that at least one of the front end and the rear end of the phosphor layer along the direction to be conveyed are retracted from the corresponding end of the support, and said retracted end of the phosphor layer and support is protected by a polymer coating layer, a polymer film or a solid material.

Abstract: The invention relates to persistent screens where the image to be stored is stored in a layer (3) which contains as an active substance an illuminable luminophor (5) and which is tinted to increase the picture sharpness. The luminophor (5) is a rather small quantity of organic and/or inorganic UV luminophor material. In this connection, it has been found to be desirable to at least reduce the light loss caused by the tinting. To this end, the invention avoids dispersions of the scanning beam (14) in the persistence layer (3) during scanning by admixing to the luminophor (5) an UV luminophor (6) as well as an optical brightener (7). It has also been found appropriate to apply the persistence layer (3) on a substrate (2), such as a polyester foil, which is tinted with a substance that absorbs the light of the scanning beam (14) used for illuminating the layer (5). Such a screen utilizing the inventive principles is particularly useful in medical technology applications.

Abstract: In the stimulable phosphor sheet comprising a support, a phosphor layer containing a stimulable phosphor and a binder, and a protective film superposed in this order,the improvement in which at least the front end of the phosphor sheet is provided with a stiff reinforcing member extending along said end: orthe improvement in which at least a portion on the back surface adjoining the front end of the phosphor sheet is provided with a stiff reinforcing member extending in the width direction.

Abstract: Water soluble fluors useful in enhancing images obtained in autoradiography have the general formula:[F].sub.x [B].sub.y [S].sub.zF is a moiety which acts as a fluor, e.g., a dehydro derivative of a compound which is a fluor; preferred examples include 4-(2,5-diphenyloxazolyl), 1-napththylmethyl, 2-napththyl, and 4-[5-(2-phenyloxazolyl)]phenyl. S is a surfactant moiety which makes the molecule hydrophilic, e.g., dehydro derivatives of surfactants; preferred examples include polyethylene glycol derivatives, sulfonic acids or salts thereof, aryl sulfonates amines and quaternary ammonium compounds. B is a binding moiety which chemically binds the fluor moiety F with the surfactant S, and may be a chemical bond, or a disubstituted moiety such as an alkylene, e.g., methylene group. The variables x, y and z are integers which can generally vary from 1 to 10.

Abstract: In a radiation image storage panel comprising a support and a phosphor layer which comprises a binder and a stimulable phosphor dispersed therein and is colored with a colorant, the improvement which comprises said colorant is a pigment capable of absorbing a portion of stimulating rays for the stimulable phosphor and said phosphor layer contains a dispersing agent of at least one fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters.

Abstract: X-ray energy-difference images are obtained simultaneously by exposing a body to a broad energy spectrum x-ray beam while a radiographic film package is disposed between front and rear x-ray intensifying screens. The film package has two superimposed films with a light-opaque sheet between them. The front screen, on which the polyenergetic image beam emerging from the body is incident, is excited to luminescence by x-ray photons predominantly in one energy band and the rear screen is excited predominantly by photons in another band. The light opaque sheet preferably contains x-ray filter material for additional filtering of photons to increase the fraction of photons at said other band to which the rear screen is sensitive. A shadowgraph of a marker is formed on the film emulsions during x-ray exposure to aid in matching congruent picture elements on each film when the developed films are being read out to obtain signals corresponding to their intensities.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic printing paper is described, comprising a support and a photographic layer containing a silver halide developing agent, wherein a dispersion of an oil-soluble brightening agent in a high boiling point organic solvent having a specific inductive capacity of 7.5 or less is contained in the photographic layer. This printing paper yields a background of high whiteness even when processed under rapid processing conditions.

Abstract: A device of phosphorescent material on which luminescent images are formed and retained for a period of time is disclosed. The device includes phosphorescent material in the form of a sheet mounted on a support. The support exposes the top surface of the phosphorescent material to activating light. A shield maintains deactivation of the phosphorescent material. Upon removal of the shield in a dark area, the phosphorescent material may be activated in selected areas to form an image which is retained for a period of time until the phosphorescent material has decayed to an inactivated state of imperceptible level of luminescence. This type of device is particularly suited to amusement and educational items for children. However, it is also useful in industrial applications where writing and communication of information in the dark is necessary.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide photographic material using a color developer containing at least two kinds of triazylstilbene brightening agents having maximum fluorescent wavelengths at least 4.mu. apart, said material containing a sensitizing dye and an antiirradiation dye.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are elements, including radiation-sensitive elements (e.g. color photographic paper products) which have, on a support, a substantially crystal- and agglomeration-free hydrophilic layer. This layer comprises a hydrophilic composition comprising a hydrophilic binder and water-insoluble polymer particles dispersed therein. These particles have recurring units derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers, and comprise from about 0.5 to about 10 percent, based on total monomer weight, of a hydrophobe uniformly distributed throughout. Particularly useful polymer particles are those having recurring units derived from at least one monomer having a crosslinkable moiety. Particularly useful hydrophobes are optical brighteners. A method of making these elements is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: For electronic image recording in one or more colors a photographic recording material comprising in at least one layer photo-sensitive silver halide and a compound capable of luminescence is image-wise exposed and developed to produce a latent luminescence image. The image information contained in the latent luminescence image is scanned photoselectively by a luminescence spectroscopic process and is recoded electronically in the form of monochromatic luminescence signals. The process provides images in one or more colors and is highly sensitive. Recording materials of extremely low silver application can be used.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic material having improved whiteness and a method of processing said material are disclosed. The material is formed on a hydrophobic support at least one silver halide emulsion layer, a layer containing a brightening agent and a layer containing a compound that is capable of trapping the brightening agent, said layer containing a compound capable of trapping the brightening agent being separate from the layer containing the brightening agent and positioned more remote from the support than the latter layer, and also, the method for providing enhanced brightening effect comprises subjecting said material to imagewise exposure and color development so that said brightening agent is diffused into and trapped by the layer containing capable of trapping the brightening agent.

Abstract: Film packages for obtaining x-ray energy-difference images simultaneously by exposing a body to a broad energy spectrum x-ray beam. One package embodiment has two radiographic films joined at at least two edges to form a pocket in which a light-opaque sheet is inserted during the x-ray exposure. The package is disposed between front and rear x-ray intensifying screens during the exposure. The front screen on which the broad energy image is incident is excited to luminescence predominantly by x-ray photons in one energy band and the rear screen by photons in another band to thereby produce the difference images. The opaque sheet may contain x-ray filter material. A reflective sheet is substituted in the pocket for said opaque sheet during readout of the intensities of corresponding picture elements. Another film package embodiment is laminated and unitary and has a double-sided reflective sheet in the middle, a light-opaque coating on each reflective surface and a photosensitive emulsion on each coating.

Abstract: Water soluble fluors useful in enhancing images obtained in autoradiography have the general formula:[F].sub.x [B].sub.y [S].sub.zF is a moiety which acts as a fluor, e.g., a dehydro derivative of a compound which is a fluor; preferred examples include 4-(2,5-diphenyloxazolyl), 1-naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthyl, and 4-[5-(2-phenyloxazolyl)]phenyl. S is a surfactant moiety which makes the molecule hydrophilic, e.g., dehydro derivatives of surfactants; preferred examples include polyethylene glycol derivatives, sulfonic acids or salts thereof, aryl sulfonates, amines and quaternary ammonium compounds. B is a binding moiety which chemically binds the fluor moiety F with the surfactant S, and may be a chemical bond, or a disubstituted moiety such as an alkylene, e.g., methylene group. The variables x, y and z are integers which can generally vary from 1 to 10.

Abstract: X-ray energy-difference images are obtained simultaneously by exposing a body to a broad energy spectrum X-ray beam while a radiographic film package is disposed between front and rear X-ray intensifying screens. The film package has two superimposed films with a light-opaque sheet between them. The front screen, on which the polyenergetic image beam emerging from the body is incident, is excited to luminescence by X-ray photons predominantly in one energy band and the rear screen is excited predominantly by photons in another band. The light opaque sheet preferably contains X-ray filter material for additional filtering of photons to increase the fraction of photons at said other band to which the rear screen is sensitive. A shadowgraph of a marker is formed on the film emulsions during X-ray exposure to aid in matching congruent picture elements on each film when the developed films are being read out to obtain signals corresponding to their intensities.

Abstract: In a radiographic image conversion method in which a stimulating light is irradiated to a panel storing a radiation energy in the form of an image to reproduce and then to read out the image, the response speed of a stimulation and the reading speed of a radiographic image area increased by making use of (1) a phosphate type phosphor having the composition, xM.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2.NX.sub.2 :yA or M.sub.3 (PO.sub.4).sub.2 :yA, which is a highly sensitive phosphor capable of readily releasing the stored energy when a stimulating light is irradiated to the phosphor, and (2) the stimulating light having the range of the wavelengths from a visible ray of not shorter that 500 nm to an infrared ray.

Abstract: Oxyhalides of lanthanum, gadolinium and lutetium coactivated with a first activator selected from bismuth and samarium to provide the color of light emission and a second coactivator which increases the amount of stored energy in a stored radiographic latent image are found to be superior in their conversion efficiency of x-rays to visible light.

Abstract: Photothermographic systems have not been useful in combination with X-ray purposes because of low speed, poor resolution and poor contrast. A particularly designed photothermographic element in combination with a rare-earth intensifying screen provides a high quality, fast, high resolution photothermographic radiographic system.

Abstract: Method for forming a direct positive-color image in which an imagewise exposure is applied to a direct positive silver halide color photosensitive material comprising a support and at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer which contain internal latent image type silver halide grains whose surfaces are not fogged, said method including applying a fogging exposure and color development wherein said fogging exposure is applied in a wet condition with a solution containing at least one fluorescent whitening agent.

Abstract: A photographic image-processing method which is capable of obtaining, from negative and positive films having an image whose density is in continuous gradation, a linear image representing the contour of that image. This method comprises the step of sandwiching a light scattering film between the negative and positive films in registration, thereby making a mask, and exposing a photographic paper to light at a right angle by way of the mask which is placed on the photographic paper, with a result that the light which passes through the light transmissive portion of the negative film is subjected to course alteration by the scattering film is order to pass through the light transmissive portion of the positive film, with a result that a linear contour image of the original image is formed on the photographic paper.

Abstract: An Auger microlithography process wherein a beam of substantially monochromatic X-rays is passed through a photomask to induce Auger electrons from a selected atomic element within a photosensitive layer which Auger electrons act on a material in that layer to cause a physicochemical change thereof and form a latent image. The X-rays used are selected to be substantially monochromatic such that the range of wave lengths falls largely or almost totally within the Auger window, as defined, determined by the particular electron shell of the atomic element to be activated to produce the Auger electrons.

Abstract: Radiographic elements are disclosed comprised of first and second imaging portions separated by an interposed support capable of transmitting radiation to which the second imaging portion is responsive. At least the first imaging portion includes a silver halide emulsion in which thin tabular silver halide grains of intermediate aspect ratios are present. Spectral sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the surface of the tabular grains. Crossover can be improved in relation to the imaging characteristics.

Abstract: Radiographic elements are disclosed comprised of first and second imaging portions separated by an interposed support capable of transmitting radiation to which the second imaging portion is responsive. At least the first imaging portion includes a silver halide emulsion in which high aspect ratio tabular silver halide grains are present. Spectral sensitizing dye is adsorbed to the surface of the tabular grains. Crossover can be improved in relation to the imaging characteristics.

Abstract: A tin-phosphorous oxyfluoride glass in the Sn--P--O--F composition field is used as a supporting matrix for light-responsive polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as triplet state or lasing dyes. Dye compatibility with the glass is good, as evidenced by the fact that glasses containing the dyes exhibit luminescence characteristic of the dissolved dye in a rigid solvent.

Abstract: A self-exposing imaging element is disclosed comprising a support member, a light sensitive layer, and a layer containing reagents which will chemically react in a chemiluminescent reaction to produce light which exposes the light sensitive layer when in contact with an original. Reagents in the light generating layer are physically or chemically segregated prior to exposure to prevent reaction, for example, by encapsulation of one of the reactants, the reaction solvent, or a catalyst. To copy the self-exposing imaging element is placed in contact with an original, the light generating layer is activated by causing the reactants to mix or introducing the reaction solvent or catalyst and the radiant energy generated produces an image of the original in the radiation sensitive layer by reflex imaging or direct transmission imaging.

Abstract: New optical brightening agents and photographic materials which contain in at least one layer these brightening agents are provided. The compounds have the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 are alkyl R.sub.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, X is --NH--, --O-- or --S--, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are alkylene oxide chains and M.sup..sym. is a hydrogen or an alkali metal cation.These brightening agents enhance the brightness in the white areas of photographic print materials.

Abstract: A motion picture film having a plurality of digitally coded soundtracks which are colorless and transparent to visible light and which fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet light, unexposed film for providing the product, and the method for producing the product and methods for producing the exposed and unexposed films. The soundtrack images which overlie at least a portion of the visible image area of the film are digitally coded on the film using an electrostatic imaging system to imprint a fluorescent toner. The toner may comprise a fluorescent polymer having covalently bonded 3-phenyl-7-(amido or imido)-coumarin or certain substituted stilbenes or N-alkyl-4-aminonaphalimides.

Abstract: A method of enhancing photographic images of low optical density is disclosed which includes use of a luminescent system, the components of which system include, at least, photoluminescent material and a source of photons for exciting the same to luminescence. A photoluminescent replica of the low optical density photographic image is produced which replica is exposed to photons required for luminescence of the photoluminescent image replica which luminescence is recorded, or photographed, for an amount of time necessary to achieve enhancement of the photographic film image. The image enhancement method may be used for the enhancement of photographic images produced by photographic processes including, for example, those which involve the use of different radiant energy sensitive material such as silver halide as used in `conventional` photography, photoconductive material as used in electrophotography, organic compounds as used in diazo photographic processes, and the like.

Abstract: The invention presents a novel photoresist composition used in the photoetching in the manufacture of various electronic semiconductor devices, in which the phenomenon of halation adversely affecting the fidelity of the etching patterns can be very much reduced. The photoresist composition of the invention comprises (a) a cyclized rubber, (b) a bisazide compound, (c) a photoextinction agent which is a 4-phenylazo-N,N-disubstituted aniline compound or a related bis derivative of biphenyl or diphenyl ether, and (d) a fluorescent agent which is a N,N'-di(substituted methylene) derivative of a phenylenediamine or hydrazine.With this formulation, the loss of ultraviolet absorption at about 360 nm caused by the photodecomposition of the component (b) is compensated for by the absorption of the photodecomposition product of the component (c) while the component (d) has no absorption at about 360 nm but emits a fluorescence in the range of 380 to 450 nm.

Abstract: A photographic element having at least two silver halide emulsion layers, one layer containing a colorless cyan-forming coupler which produces a negative image and the other layer containing a colored coupler which upon color development with a p-phenylene diamine developer produces a positive dye image of contrasting color to cyan, will produce a color contrast radiographic picture after exposure and development.

Abstract: A silver halide photo-sensitive material is provided having a hydrophilic colloid layer containing dispersed therein finely divided particles of a substantially water-immiscible mixture containing a hydrophobic photographic substance. The aforesaid mixture contains a polymer having recurring units represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## where, in the above formula, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms, X represents a bivalent substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 50.

Abstract: A method of recording a radiation image having excellent sharpness which comprisesimage-wise exposing to radiation, in combination with the use of a fluorescent intensifying screen, a light-sensitive photographic element comprising a water-proof opaque support, which has an average degree of reflection of about 70 percent or greater, based on the degree of reflection of a magnesium oxide white plate being 100%, in the spectral wavelength region of from about 380 m.mu. to about 600 m.mu., and having on only one surface thereof a coating of a green sensitized silver halide photographic emulsion containing a phenolic color coupler or an .alpha.-naphtholic color coupler, each capable of forming a quinoneimine dye having a maximum absorption within a spectral wavelength region of about 550 m.mu. to about 700 m.mu. on color development, where the silver halide grains of the emulsion have a number average grain size of about 0.5.mu. to about 2.2.mu. and are present in an amount of from about 0.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, with the photographic light-sensitive material having a hydrophilic organic colloid layer containing a dispersion of a scarcely water-soluble photographic additive dissolved in an aromatic ester represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acyloxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group or a halogen atom; R.sub.2 represents a cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group; m represents an integer of 0 to 5; n represents an integer of 1 to 6; and when m and n each represents an integer of 2 or more, the substituents represented by R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 can be the same or different.