Abstract: Novolak resins are provided which are the condensation product of (a) a phenol, phenol derivative, or mixtures thereof, and (b) a mixture of formaldehyde or a formaldehyde precursor and an aromatic aldehyde. When the aromatic aldehyde is a monohydroxy aromatic aldehyde, the novolak resin is especially useful in positive photoresist formulations.

Abstract: A transparent substrate material for receiving or containing an image and comprised of a supporting substrate base, an antistatic polymer layer coated on one or both sides of the substrate and comprised of hydrophilic cellulosic components, and a toner receiving polymer layer contained on one or both sides of the antistatic layer, which polymer is comprised of hydrophobic cellulose ethers, hydrophobic cellulose esters, or mixtures thereof, and wherein the toner receiving layer contains adhesive components.

Abstract: Positive photoresist compositions are provided which contain(a) a mixture of mono-, di-, and triesters of 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone and 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazo-4-sulfonic acid and(b) a novolak resin selected from resins prepared from a phenolic component having a high p-cresol content or from a mixture of formaldehyde and an aromatic aldehyde.

Abstract: A marking comprises a layer, preferably of film-forming material, which contains a photochromic compound. The photochromic compound is capable of changing color when exposed to uv light, but can be converted to a permanently non-photochromic compound, preferably by overexposure to uv light. An image is formed in the layer by converting the photochromic compound to a permanently non-photochromic compound in one or more selected areas. When the layer is subsequently viewed under uv light a colorless image of non-photochromic compound can be seen on a background of colored photochromic compound.

Abstract: A burn-in gumming composition for irradiated and developed offset printing plates comprises water and a water-soluble polymer or copolymer for protecting the plate surface during the burning-in step and during long-term storage. The polymer or copolymer used contains sulfonic acid groups and/or alkali metal sulfonate or ammonium sulfonate groups.

Abstract: A photographic contact printing process is disclosed having application in the mass production of replicate video discs from a master disc, and other applications wherein it is desired to replicate micro-detail over a relatively large area. A problem with conventional contact printing from a mask to a photographic medium is one of maintaining intimate contact over a relatively large area since dust, dirt, etc., are almost impossible to completely eliminate in any practical manner. In accordance with the present invention, a contact printing process is provided wherein intimate contact is not necessary for making high quality contact prints. The present invention recognizes that in contact printing information from a master disc to a replicate disc, the contact printing process is significantly less sensitive to imperfect contact between the master disc and the replicate disc if one employs a replicate disc comprising a photosensitive material having a certain optical properties.

Abstract: A process for forming a pattern on a substrate utilizing photolithographic techniques. In this process a layer of polymeric material containing a fluorine-containing compound is applied over the substrate and cured. A layer of photoresist material is applied over the polymeric material imagewise exposed and developed to reveal the image on the underlying polymeric material. Thereafter, the photoresist is silylated, and the structure is reactive ion etched to transfer the pattern to the underlying substrate. The fluorine component provides an underlying structure free of residue and cracking.

Abstract: This invention relates to a color photographic silver halide recording material containing a dye image-forming coupler compound and a sulfonamide compound which is capable of altering the spectral absorption properties of a dye formed by reaction of the coupler compound with oxidized developing agent.

Abstract: This invention relates to a color photographic silver halide recording material containing a dye image-forming coupler compound and a carbonamide compound which is capable of altering the spectral absorption properties of a dye formed by reaction of the coupler compound with oxidized developing agent.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing organic base materials to light by allowing an organic base material to coexist with at least one type of metal complex which can be represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are each independently hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, hydroxyl groups or alkyl groups, aryl groups, cycloalkyl groups or heterocyclic groups which are bonded directly or indirectly via a divalent linking group to a carbon atom on the benzene ring. The R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 substituents may be the same or different, and moreover, two adjacent substituents from among the R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 substituents may be joined together to form a ring. Furthermore, the two R.sup.4 substituents may also be joined together to form a ring.The R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 substituents are independently hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups, alkylthio groups, aryl groups, arylthio groups, heterocyclicthio groups or cyano groups and they may be the same or different. In addition, the R.sup.5 and R.

Abstract: Photosensitive cuprous halide-type materials, particularly cuprous chloride and cuprous bromide materials, can be prepared from an anode product material produced from electrolysis of copper in an aqueous acid halide bath. Preferably, the copper electrolysis is carried out in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution. The resulting anode product materials are particularly sensitive in the presence of a polar molecule catalyst such as water or ammonia. In one highly preferred embodiment of this invention the anode product material is treated with the aqueous solution of ammonium salt of a water soluble organic acid (e.g. aqueous solution of ammonium ascorbate); one of the chief advantages of these materials is that they are highly photosensitive when dry and can be developed from a latent image prepared thereon.

Abstract: An imaged copy film comprising (a) a polymeric film substrate, (b) an image-receiving layer comprising a terpolymer of a vinyl halide, a vinyl ester of a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid and a functional group-containing unsaturated termonomer, and (c) an electrostatic copying toner image layer. Toner adhesion is improved and the applied images exhibit superior resistance to abrasion and erasure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing supports intended for the optical recording and reading of information. A layer containing a diazo compound is deposited onto a metallized substrate. Recording is obtained by exposing the support to light through a mask, the exposed zones of the layer of diazo compound being decomposed. Dry development in ammonia vapors shows up transparent zones and opaque zones corresponding to the information.

Abstract: A color image is formed by imagewise exposing a color photosensitive material comprising at least a silver halide and a coupler and subjecting the material to intensified development with a processing solution containing a reducing agent and an intensifier. A substantially water-insoluble basic metal compound is previously contained in the silver halide based color photosensitive material, while the processing solution contains a compound capable of complexing reaction with the metal ion of the substantially water-insoluble basic metal compound to release a base.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing lithographic image size for integrated circuit manufacture. A mask of photosensitive material having an opening of a minimum size dictated by the limits of lithography is formed on a substrate. Reduction in the image size is achieved by establishing sidewalls to the interior vertical surfaces of the opening by depositing a conformal layer, followed by anisotropic etching. The dimension of the opening is reduced by the combined thickness of the two opposite insulator sidewalls.In a specific direct application of the disclosed process, a photomask/stencil having a pattern of openings of a minimum size smaller than possible by lighography, per se, is formed.

Abstract: A data card comprising a self-supporting, wallet size plastic card base upon which is disposed a film substrate layer, a highly reflective layer and an optical storage layer which is a selected photosensitive layer which has been exposed at an actinic wavelength and developed to be substantially opaque over a portion of its extent, except for an imagewise exposure pattern of clear and partially clear data marks revealing to varying extends reflectivity in the underlying reflective layer. Data spots may have one of four different reflectivities thereby representing a quadrinary digit 0, 1, 2 or 3 replacing two binary digits. The reflective layer is matched to the selected optical storage layer so that the reflective layer is highly reflective at a read beam wavelength in the red or near infrared and less reflective at actinic wavelengths either in the blue/green range or in the ultraviolet.

Abstract: Photopatternable silicone polyamic acid can be spun onto a substrate and thereafter used in combination with a photoresist as an antireflective coating or as a patterned silicone polyimide. The silicone polyamic acid can be used with an absorbing dye, or it can be tinted with an organic dye to provide color filters when applied on a transparent substrate.

Abstract: A presensitized printing plate suitable for waterless planographic printing is disclosed, which comprises a layer support, a radiation-sensitive layer, an outer, ink-repellent, cross-linked silicone elastomer layer, and an intermediate layer of amorphous silicic acid, by which the adhesion of the silicone elastomer layer to the radiation-sensitive layer is improved. The adhesive layer is physiologically safe and effects a good anchoring of the silicone elastomer layer. The process of making and using the presensitized printing plate are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical memory element comprising a substrate with grooves functioning as grooves for, for example, controlling the position of a laser beam, wherein said substrate is composed of a glass containing SiO.sub.2 in the range of 51 to 71% by weight, Na.sub.2 O in the range of 10 to 18% by weight, K.sub.2 O in the range of 0 to 8% by weight, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the range of 12 to 22% by weight, and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the range of 0 to 9% by weight.

Abstract: This invention relates to a color photographic silver halide recording material containing a dye image-forming coupler compound and a compound which is capable of altering the spectral absorption properties of a dye formed by reaction of the coupler compound with oxidized developing agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for optical storage which utilizes a photopolymerizable liquid crystalline material having cholesteric optical properties. By selectively adjusting the reflectance or transmittance properties of the recording medium such that specific wavelength bands of light are reflected or transmitted, and then substantially permanently fixing the reflectance or transmittance characteristics of the film by photopolymerization, multiple wavelength-dependent information can be stored in each dot. Accordingly, the capacity of the recording medium is substantially expanded when compared to conventional optical storage media.

Abstract: A method for increasing color-fastness of organic coloring matters against light is disclosed. The color-fastness of the organic coloring matter of which absorption maximum is the region from 400 nm to 700 nm is increased by coexisting with a metal complex represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 R.sub.2, R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.2 ' are a hydrogen atom or a substituent, X and X' are O or S, Y is O, S, SO or SO.sub.2 and M is a metal atom.The method adapts to improve the fastness of color images of silver halide photographic materials. In this case, the organic coloring matter is a dyestuff formed by coupling a color forming coupler with an oxidation product of a color developing agent in the silver halide color photographic material or a dyestuff diffused to a receiving layer of the diffusion transfer silver halide color photographic material.

Abstract: A color image is formed in an image forming reaction system comprising a photographic heat-developable silver halide light-sensitive material by reacting a difficultly soluble metal compound, for example, calcium carbonate with a compound capable of water-mediated complexing reaction with the metal ion of the difficultly soluble metal compound and having an organic base, for example, guanidine oxalate in the presence of water to increase the pH of the system.

Abstract: Photographic stabilizers comprising certain organic disulfide compounds are described for incorporation in photographic emulsions and elements. The compounds are preferably employed in the magneta layer to protect the magneta dye from fading by light.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## in conjunction with compounds that donate acid when exposed to actinic radiation, are suitable for use as positive photoresists. In formula I, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or alkaryl, R.sup.3 to R.sup.8 are hydrogen or lower alkyl, X is --O-- or --NR.sup.9 --, where R.sup.9 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, n is 0 or 1, m is 2, 3 or 4 and Q is an organic radical of valency m.The photoresists are suitable for making printing forms, printed circuits, integrated circuits or silver-free photographic films.

Abstract: A method and photo-sensitive ink solution used for producing a tone-accurate color process proof or color transfer is disclosed. The method includes multiple applications of sequential layers of extender coat powder and photo-sensitive ink solution coats. These layers are individually exposed to actinic light through a design bearing film, and that material not underlying the exposed ink coat is removed by means of a light water spray before a new series of sequential layers are applied.

Abstract: Disclosed are plasma developable photoresist compositions that possess photosensitivity to 436 n.m. light and maintain this photosensitivity for suitable periods of time after coating are obtainable. These compositions comprise perylene, certain perylene derivatives, or certain coumarin derivatives as photosensitizers in combination with N-vinyl monomers, haloalkene photoinitiators, and suitable polymeric binders in a suitable solvent.

Abstract: Cyan dye-forming 6-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-(4H)-one couplers, preferably cyan dye-forming couplers corresponding to the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or R"'--X--NH, R' represents hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, R" represents hydrogen or R.sup.iv --X--, X represents a member selected from the group consisting of --CO--, --SO.sub.2 --, --OCOCO--, --NHCO--, R"' and R.sup.iv represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and Y and Z, the same or different, represent hydrogen, halogen and a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkoxy group,are described for use in silver halide color photographic processes and elements.

Abstract: A photographic method for making a color filter element, and the resulting color filter element is disclosed.

Abstract: A light-sensitive recording material which provides polymer images and contains, on a base, a layer of a photocrosslinkable polymer with an average molecular weight of 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.6, the copolymer having been prepared from(1) a (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide or vinyl ether derivative which contains at least one maleimide group of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded form a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic ring,(2) an ethylenically unsaturated comonomer containing acid groups, this comonomer being present in an amount of at least 18 percent by weight, based on the total amount of the comonomers, and, optionally,(3) at least one further ethylenically unsaturated comonomer which differs from the comonomers (1) and (2).

Abstract: Provided is an optical data storage medium comprising a chromophore/polymer composition information layer, wherein the chromophore is chemically bound or coordinated with the polymer. The chromophore is an organo macrocyclic chromophore containing a constituent metal atom, and preferably a central metal atom, with the chromophore being coordinated to the polymer through the metal atom. As a result, the chromophore/polymer material has excellent film-forming properties so that the medium can be readily and efficiently manufactured. As well, the resulting information layer offers excellent thermomechanical properties and exhibits excellent absorption properties, all in a single component material. By utilizing a single component material, the problem of dye/polymer phase separation frequently encountered in conventional dye/polymer mixtures is also overcome.

Abstract: Photographic elements, diffusion transfer assemblages and coordination complexes are described which employ a novel nondiffusible compound capable of releasing at least one diffusible dye moiety having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: (a) D.sup.1, D.sup.2 and D.sup.3 each independently represents the atoms necessary to complete an aromatic heterocyclic nucleus having at least one ring of 5 to 7 atoms;(b) Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each independently represents the atoms necessary to complete an aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic nucleus having at least one ring of 5 to 7 atoms or a ketomethine group;(c) G.sup.1 and G.sup.2 each independently represents a metal chelating group;(d) Me is a polyvalent, hexacoordinate metal ion,(e) CAR represents a ballasted carrier moiety capable of releasing the diffusible dye moiety as a function of development of the silver halide emulsion layer under alkaline conditions; and(f) n is 1, 2 or 3.

Abstract: Telluropyrylium dyes are useful as infrared absorbing dyes in recording elements.

Abstract: Adjacency effects of a color photographic material may be increased by dividing a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer into three emulsion layers sensitive to the same spectral region of the visible light, the uppermost silver halide emulsion layer of which has the highest sensitivity and the lowermost silver halide emulsion layer has the lowest sensitivity, wherein the maximum color density of the uppermost silver halide emulsion layer, after color development, is lower than 0.60 and the maximum color density of both the intermediate and lowermost silver halide emulsion layers, after color development, are each higher than 0.60.

Abstract: An acetalized polyvinyl alcohol having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 represents a halogen-containing residue of an aldehyde or a ketone; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, which may partially be substituted with an acetyl group; R.sup.3 represents naught or a monomeric unit copolymerizable with vinyl acetate; and l, m, n are integers indicating polymerization degrees, has excellent characteristics such as high sensitivity, high resolving power and excellent dry etching resistance and is suitable as a negative-type resist in ionizing radiation lithography.

Abstract: A multilayer circuit device comprises a substrate having a plurality of metallized patterns thereon said patterns being separated by a photodefined polymeric dielectric film formed from a polymeric photodefinable triazine base mixture including a photosensitive acrylate moiety. The various circuit patterns are interconnected by means of microvias through the polymeric film or film layers.

Abstract: An optical recording element in which information can be recorded and read directly afterwards by means of laser light, comprises a substrate having on at least one side a recording layer including an effective amount of one or more compounds selected from a certain class of trimethine and longer chain aryl polymethine dyes associated with specific counter-ions.

Abstract: Volume phase holograms formed by photopolymerization of a polymerizable monomer, e.g., lithium acrylate, exhibit substantially increased retention of diffraction efficiency when exposed to high humidity if they are sequentially treated with a zirconium compound and a fatty acid.

Abstract: A transparency for the formation of an adherent electrostatic image thereon includes a polyester resin film sheet having an image-receiving coating of nitrocellulose, a plasticizer, a particulate material, and, preferably, an antistatic agent. The coating is applied to the film sheet from a solvent mixture of an aliphatic ester or an aliphatic ketone, and an aliphatic alcohol.

Abstract: An integral optical device is disclosed that is composed of a photosensitive glass having an optical pattern developed therein by a refractive index change due to formation of colloidal metal particles and/or crystalline microphases nucleated by such particles. In a specific embodiment the pattern is composed of at least one transparent lens system having a radial gradient refractive index distribution of prescribed nature.

Abstract: The lithographic printing plate of the invention comprises a substrate having a hydrophilic surface, a coating on said surface of a light sensitive material (e.g., a water soluble diazo) and a top coating of discrete, oleophilic resin particles (e.g., an emulsion polymer), the resin particle coating being:(a) transparent to actinic light;(b) sufficiently permeable to allow a developer for the light sensitive material to penetrate through to the underlying light sensitive coating;(c) insoluble in said developer;(d) capable of being coalesced in situ after the plate is imaged and developed.

Abstract: Solid state devices are produced by dry etching of a resist film to produce a negative resist pattern. The film comprises a polymer typically containing a halogen, and at least one type of silicon-containing or nonsilicon-containing organometallic monomer. The radiation, typically X-ray radiation, locks the monomer or monomers into the polymer, with a subsequent fixing step removing the unlocked monomer or monomers in the unirradiated portion of the resist. The film is then exposed to a plasma comprising oxygen, which removes the unirradiated portion at a faster rate than the radiated portion, producing a negative resist pattern. The plasma development is typically accomplished by reactive ion etching. Sensitizers can be used to extend the wavelength response of the films, typically into the ultraviolet or visible regions.

Abstract: A solid, nonpolymeric amorphous mixture of compounds which is useful as a binder in optical recording layers and elements is disclosed. The mixture comprises at least two different compounds each having at least two linking components joining one multivalent organic nucleus with at least two organic nuclei wherein at least one of the multivalent organic nucleus and the organic nuclei is multicyclic. Methods for making such mixtures are also disclosed.

Abstract: A non-silver, positive-working, essentially alkali-insoluble, radiation-sensitive composition, which becomes alkali-soluble on exposure to radiation, comprising a non-silver, positive-acting, essentially alkali-insoluble radiation-sensitive component a radiation absorbing component and an essentially alkali-soluble polymeric binder. A radiation-sensitive element comprising a transparent substrate overcoated with said radiation-sensitive composition. A duplicating film comprising the said element prepared by exposing said composition through the substrate and then image-wise exposing said composition through a mask in front of the composition followed by treatment with an alkaline developer to remove those areas of the composition subjected to both exposures.

Abstract: A method of forming a photographic azo or azamethine dye image in an exposed photographic silver halide element, the method of comprising the steps of (a) developing the imagewise exposed material to form an imagewise pattern of oxidized color developing agent, (b) reacting the oxidized color developing agent with a color coupler to produce an image dye, characterized in that at least one of the color developing agent and the color coupler possesses a metal chelating site such that the image dye is capable of forming a bi-, tri- or higher-dentate metallized dye, and (c) contacting the image dye with polyvalent metal ions to form a metallized dye image. Specified color developing agents include heterocyclic substituted hydrazides and specified couplers include benziso-oxazolones and 2H-pyrazolo-[3,4-b]pyridines in addition to more conventional compounds.

Abstract: Photographic elements, diffusion transfer assemblages, coordination complexes and processes are described which employ a novel nondiffusible compound capable of releasing at least one diffusible cyan dye moiety comprising a 6-heterocyclylazo-3-pyridinol, the compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: (a) Y represents the atoms necessary to complete a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic fused ring;(b) CAR represents a ballasted carrier moiety capable of releasing the diffusible cyan dye moiety as a function of development of a silver halide emulsion layer under alkaline conditions;(c) R represents a hydroxy group, a salt thereof, or a hydrolyzable precursor thereof, or CAR which is linked to the dye moiety through an oxygen atom thereon; and(d) n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that when n is 0, then R is CAR which is linked to the dye moiety through an oxygen atom thereon.

Abstract: A photosensitive element is provided by an actinic radiation-transmissive film-forming polymeric material which contains photolabile blocked surfactant capable upon exposure to actinic radiation of releasing a detectable quantity of surfactant in actinic radiation exposed areas in areas not exposed to actinic radiation and unblocked surfactant in an image-wise pattern in the actinic radiation exposed areas. An imaging process is also provided comprising providing the actinic radiation-sensitive element and exposing the actinic radiation-sensitive element to actinic radiation in an image-wise pattern at an intensity and for a time sufficient to release an image-wise pattern of released surfactant in the exposed area.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are as defined in claim 1, are effective optical stabilizers for photographic dyes and their precursors. They are added to the colorphotographic recording materials as the latter are being prepared, and, as a result, the developed images have a longer optical stability.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which A is a direct bond or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene radical, X is --O-- or --N(R.sup.16)--, R.sup.2 is a monovalent radical, R.sup.5 or R.sup.3 is hydroxyl, and R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen or monovalent radicals, are effective stabilizers for photographic dyes and precursors thereof. In particular, they increase the light fastness of the developed color images.

Abstract: A black and white microfilm reproduction is made of a person or their photograph and accompanying text data. A sheet of multicolor photographic paper then is exposed to the black and white image carried on the microfilm and to another color film carrying a multicolor security pattern, mark or the like. The paper then is developed to produce the document having a black and white image of the person to be identified and accompanying text data together with overlying multicolor security pattern. The security pattern has lines that vary in color along their lengths independently of one another.