Abstract: A transfer foil for image transfer comprising a support, a releasing layer and a component layer is disclosed. The releasing layer contains inorganic or organic fine particles and 1<(average particle diameter of the inorganic or organic fine particle in releasing layer/thickness of releasing layer)×100<400.

Abstract: A photographic washing bath comprises a chamber containing a wash solution for a silver halide photographic material having a pH of less than 7 and comprising water having dissolved therein an oxidizing agent, said oxidizing agent having an oxidizing potential of at least 1 volt and being in a concentration of from 0.05 to 2 Molar. The oxidation potential of the oxidizing agent is preferably at least 1.2 volts and may be hydrogen peroxide or a source of hydrogen peroxide, a persulphate, a perborate, a bromate, or an iodate. A washing process using the invention is suitable for being carried out in same chamber as the development and fixing stages in which case hydrogen peroxide is the preferred oxidizing agent because any peroxide remaining at the end of the wash stage can be removed by evaporation, thereby avoiding risk of contamination of the next stage to be carried out in the chamber.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide photographic material comprises passing the material through a processing solution repeatedly at a temperature suitable for processing, the material spending the major part of the processing time out of the liquid, wherein said processing solution has a viscosity from 0.7 to 5 cP at the processing temperature.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic material in which a fixed volume of processing solution is added to the surface of the material and spread repeatedly over the length of material. The processing solution is added to the material in at least two stages.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photographic element comprising a base having a reflection surface on each side having a spectral transmission of less than 10% and at least one photosensitive silver halide containing layer on each side wherein said photographic element has a speed less than 50 ASA.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for processing an imaged element comprising a support, an image-receiving layer and a silver halide emulsion layer. The apparatus comprises a tank for holding a processing liquid, driving means for propelling the imaged element through the tank, guide means for directing the path of the imaged element through the tank and developer circulation means for promoting circulation of the processing liquid in the tank. The circulation means includes flow control means to provide substantially fresh processing liquid to the surface of the imaged element and to disperse exhausted processing liquid present at the surface of the element, thereby eliminating the difficulties associated with local developer exhaustion and ensuring that consistently high image quality is maintained across the whole area of the imaged element.

Abstract: The present invention provides an alkaline processing solution comprising at least one silver halide solvent other than sulfite, characterized in that said alkaline processing solution further contains aluminium ions in an amount of at least 0.3 g/l. There is further provided a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the DTR-process using an aqueous alkaline processing solution in the presence of at least one developing agent and at least one silver halide solvent, characterized in that said alkaline processing solution contains aluminium ions in an amount of at least 0.3 g/l.

Abstract: A photographic element comprises at least one light-sensitive layer on a support wherein the photographic element also comprises at least one photographically useful compound, other than a reducing agent, ionically bound to an ion exchange matrix.

Abstract: A method of recording a reference calibration target on an APS format photographic element having a reserved area for use by photofinishing apparatus, and a perforation located relative to the reserved area, includes the steps of: generating a reference calibration target having a width no greater than 30.2 mm and a height no greater than 16.7 mm; locating the reserved area of the photographic element relative to the perforation; and recording the reference calibration target within the reserved area.

Abstract: A method of exposing an integral imaging element having: an integral lens sheet with opposed front and back surfaces; a light sensitive layer positioned behind the back surface; and an anti-halation layer between the light sensitive layer and the back surface; the method comprising the steps of: simultaneously exposing a major portion of the area of the light sensitive layer with light from behind the light sensitive layer, or simultaneously exposing the light sensitive layer to all of an integral image from behind the light sensitive layer.

Abstract: Prints of different formats are produced by pixel by pixel recording of image information available in digital form for each picture onto a carrier material from a group of band-shaped standard carrier materials having different preselected strip widths. The image information of a print is recorded in a normal orientation or rotated 90° when one of the dimensions of the print to be produced can be made to correspond with the strip width of the available carrier material. The carrier material is changed when neither the length nor the width of a print to be produced corresponds to the strip width of the available carrier material. For a set of pictures to be produced which have at least partially different formats, the sequence of the recording of the underlying picture information is set according to the formats of the prints to be produced so that the number of the required carrier material changes is minimized.

Abstract: A paper emulsion film product and method for producing the same is shown. The film product includes a first layer of editing tape, a second layer of editing tape, and a layer of paper emulsion formed from a paper reproduction of a photograph sandwiched between the respective layers of editing tape.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for processing a lithographic printing plate precursor comprising an aluminium support, an image-receiving layer and a silver halide emulsion layer. The apparatus comprises a tank for holding a processing liquid, at least one set of driving rollers, at least one guide roller or guide plate and means for providing direct electrical contact between the lithographic printing plate precursor and other electrically conducting surfaces in the apparatus which are in contact with the processing liquid. A method of processing a lithographic printing plate precursor using the apparatus is also disclosed. Undesirable electrochemical cell formation during processing, and the consequent deleterious effects on silver image formation, are prevented and subsequent problems with poor plate run length can therefore be avoided.

Abstract: An aqueous solution for developing a silver halide photographic product comprises an alkanolamine in an amount greater than or equal to 0.6 mol/l, at least one wetting agent that is stable at a high pH and miscible in said developing solution, a developing agent capable of reducing the silver ions, and a quaternary ammonium salt having the following formula wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aromatic carbocyclic group or heterocyclic group that can contain one or more nitrogen atoms, or R1 and R2 together, or R1, R2 and R3 together represent the atoms or bonds necessary for forming a ring with the nitrogen atom, having 5 or 6 atoms in the ring, and X is an anion.

Abstract: The present invention is an imaging element which includes a support, an imaging layer superposed on a side of said support and an overcoat overlying the imaging layer. The overcoat is composed of an organic polymer. The overcoat is discontinuous such that a fraction of the surface area of the imaging layer remains uncovered by said polymer, wherein the fraction of area not covered by the said polymer is from 0.02 to 0.98. The present invention is a photographic which includes a support, a silver halide emulsion layer superposed on a side of said support and an overcoat overlying the silver halide layer. The overcoat is composed of an organic polymer. The overcoat is discontinuous such that a fraction of the surface area of the silver halide emulsion layer remains uncovered by said polymer, wherein the fraction of area not covered by the said polymer is from 0.02 to 0.98. In one embodiment, the discontinuous overcoat is a series of parallel stripes.

Abstract: For the manufacture of large format photographic prints, the original image (V) is divided into a matrix arrangement of partial image originals (A.sub.1 -D.sub.4) consisting of lines (1-4) and columns (A-D) with lateral edges (R) which are parallel to the columns of the matrix arrangement. A linear arrangement of sequential latent partial pictures is produced from the individual partial image originals by way of a printer and by sequential projection, whereby the projection is carried out in such a way that the lateral edges (R) of the latent partial pictures which correspond to the lateral edges of the latent partial image originals extend parallel to the longitudinal direction (L) of the linear arrangement of the latent partial pictures. The exposed copy material (P) is developed in a pass-through developing arrangement, whereby a partial image copy is produced from each partial image original and the partial image copies are assembled to a complete compound picture (K).

Abstract: A heat developing method for obtaining a visible image comprising contacting a heat-developable light-sensitive material or a light-sensitive heat-sensitive recording material on which a latent image has been formed with a heating means in a heat developing part, wherein the heat-developable light-sensitive material or light-sensitive heat-sensitive recording material which is peeled off from the heating means is cooled, in a noncontacting state, to a temperature not higher than a temperature at which progress of development is stopped, and then the material is held with a transfer means for discharging the material outside of the heat developing part, and a developing apparatus for obtaining a visible image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color developer composition for photography which is used for preparing a color development replenisher; with the composition comprising at least one color developing agent selected from the group consisting of 4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)aniline, 4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxypropyl)aniline, 4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxybutyl)aniline and salts thereof, having a specific gravity ranging from 1.05 to 1.18, and being kept in a container which is made up of high-density polyethylene alone as a plastic material so that the average weight thereof per unit surface area is from 0.04 to 0.09 g/cm.sup.2, thereby ensuring sufficient stability in the composition and recyclability for the container.

Abstract: An imaging element (15, 122) comprising on a lithographic base at least one radiation sensitive or heat-sensitive layer composition, is image-wise exposed to radiation or heat. The composition is such that when exposed and developed, a lithographic surface is formed. The exposed imaging element is then passed through a closed treatment cell (26, 64, 66) in a processing apparatus in which the imaging element is brought into contact with a single developing fluid (44, 124). The closed treatment cell (26; 64, 66) comprises a housing (24; 114) having an entrance (28; 116) and an exit (30; 118) each closed by a path-defining roller (32; 128) in contact with a reaction surface (33; 130) to form a nip (34; 136) therebetween, through which the plate path (36; 72) extends. Sealing means (38; 138, 139) seal each path-defining roller (32; 128) to the housing.

Abstract: Black-and-white elements, such as radiographic films, can be processed in roomlight because they include certain light absorbing dyes and desensitizers. Processing of such elements can be achieved using a processing kit and a two-stage process carried out in the same light- and fluid-tight processing apparatus. In the first stage, development is initiated with a developing composition having a pH of from about 10 to about 12.5, and comprising an appropriate black-and-white developing agent and a sulfite. After an appropriate time, a non-sulfite fixing agent is introduced into the processing apparatus or container to provide a combined developing/fixing composition, and development and fixing are carried out simultaneously. The processing method is carried out quickly, usually within about 90 seconds. The presence of sulfite and high pH in both stages decolorizes or deactivates the particulate dyes.

Abstract: Radiographic elements useful for therapy imaging are disclosed each comprised of a film support having first and second major surfaces and capable of transmitting radiation to which the radiographic element is responsive and, coated on both of the major surfaces, processing solution permeable hydrophilic colloid layers which are fully forehardened and limited to less than 45 mg/dm.sup.2 of hydrophilic colloid to facilitate processing in less than 45 seconds, at least one of said layers on each major surface including light-sensitive silver halide grains capable of providing a contrast in the range of from 4 to 8 and containing less than 3 mole percent iodide, based on silver, the hydrophilic colloid layers allowing at least 30 percent crossover within a spectral region within which the silver halide grains are light-sensitive. The radiographic elements are useful for either in localization or verification imaging.

Abstract: In reversal processing, washing between the first development and the reversal bath can be avoided without any loss of photographic quality if the reversal bath is operated in countercurrent over at least two stages and hydroquinone sulfonic acid is used as the first developer.

Abstract: The improved method and apparatus for recording a stereoscopic image read a plurality of original images photoelectrically, split each original image into linear images of a desired pitch, perform any necessary image processing operations such as arranging the linear images in the recording order, and record the linear images by scan exposure on a lenticular light-sensitive material having a lenticular sheet and a recording layer. The method and apparatus permit the lenticular light-sensitive material to be scan exposed from the rear side and they also enable the linear images to be recorded with increased line width and a stereoscopic image to be formed with satisfactory registration between the principal objects of the original images. The improved lenticular light-sensitive material has an anti-halation layer provided between the lenticular sheet and the recording layer, thus permitting scan exposure to be effected from the rear side.

Abstract: An aqueous developable chromogenic photographic element coated on a single dimensionally stable support wherein said element comprises in reactive association (1) an aqueous diffusible photographically useful organic compound or precursor to an aqueous diffusible photographically useful organic compound, (2) radiation sensitive silver halide, (3) a compound that forms or releases a dye, (4) hydrophilic binder, and (5) one or more contiguous overcoat layers devoid of silver halide wherein said one or more overcoat layers comprise hydrophilic binder at a level of at least 3 g/m.sup.2 is disclosed.

Abstract: An image forming process comprising the steps of: imagewise-exposing a heat developable light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least a light-sensitive silver halide, a binder and a dye-donating compound, wherein the dye-donating compound forms or releases a diffusive dye corresponding or reversely corresponding to a reduction reaction of the silver halide into silver; supplying water to the exposed material; heat developing the water-supplied material to form a diffusive dye image therein; and transferring the diffusive dye image onto a dye-fixing element, wherein the water-supplying step comprises jetting of a water droplet having a volume of not more than 0.01 mm.sup.3, and the light-sensitive material has a contact angle of not more than 50 degrees as determined at 0.5 second after the impact of the water droplet onto the light-sensitive material.

Abstract: A method for processing a photosensitive material characterized in that an exposed photosensitive material is subjected to dip coating with a processing solution, according to which there are no problems encountered in plate making by the conventional dip developing method and coating developing method, rapid processing can be attained, maintenance is easy, less waste processing solution is produced, and lithographic printing plates on which uniform print images can be formed from the top end portion thereof by silver complex diffusion transfer process, and an apparatus used for the processing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and a processor for processing silver halide photosensitive materials for photographing. The silver halide photosensitive material is constructed of a support on which are formed at least one photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer and a magnetic recording layer which contains magnetic particles. The photosensitive material undergoes color development, desilvering, and washing and/or stabilization within a processing container, with no requirement to be separated from its housing container for photographing. Subsequently, the thus-processed photosensitive material is returned into the housing container. The processing method and the processor feature simple work, high image quality, and an easy-to-operate compact structure.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed which comprises a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing silver halide grains, a surface protective layer as an uppermost layer, and a hydrophilic colloid layer other than said at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and said surface protective layer, wherein the sum of the silver amount contained in each of said at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer is from 0.8 g/m.sup.2 to 1.5 g/m.sup.

Abstract: A thickened processing solution containing inert particles can be used in lamination processing to insure even processing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for developing silver halide photographic photosensitive materials with a developer containing a sulfite wherein said developer contains 20 mol % or more of potassium ion based on the total alkali metal ions, 0.04 mol/l or more of bromine ion or a compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydroxyalkyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group having 2-10 carbon atoms and the developer is filtered by a filter containing physical development nuclei before, during or after development of the photosensitive materials with the developer. The method is especially effective in processing using an automatic processor. According to the present method, formation of silver sludges is effectively inhibited and thus, stain of roll and belt of the processors can be prevented.

Abstract: An integral image element, comprising:an integral lens sheet with opposed front and back surfaces, the front surface carrying convex surfaces of a plurality of lens elements;an integral image positioned behind the back surface; anda non-specular reflective layer positioned behind the integral image which layer reflects more than 80% of visible light reaching the reflective layer from in front of the layer, before penetrating the reflective layer a distance of 10 microns.A method of making the foregoing type of integral image element is also provided.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for controlling drying of a photographic material in which, by controlling respective temperatures of a contact-heating device and warm air, temperatures can be controlled to the minimum temperature necessary to provide the photographic material with optimal effects so that the relative contributions of drying the photographic material by the contact-heating device and the warm air are always constant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for processing a silver halide photographic material, having on one side of a support a hydrophobic polymer layer as the outermost layer and on the side opposite an emulsion layer, by means of an automatic developing apparatus. The apparatus has a drying operation part which is equipped with two or more hot rollers arranged so that the silver halide photographic material may be wrapped partly around each of the hot rollers in turn and the contact between the rollers and the material may alternate between the front surface and the back surface of the photographic material, whereby the moisture in the photographic material evaporates from the surface areas when they are not in contact with the hot rollers. This method results in improvements in the drying characteristics of the photographic material and the transportation characteristics of the automatic developing apparatus.

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed silver halide photographic element comprising developing and desilvering the photographic element in a low volume thin tank processor wherein the processor operates at 15% or less of maximum production capacity.

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed black and white silver halide photographic element comprising developing and desilvering the photographic element in a low volume thin tank processor wherein the processor operates at 15% or less of maximum production capacity.

Abstract: A method for processing an exposed silver halide color photographic photosensitive material is disclosed, which comprises the step of developing the exposed material with a color developer in a color development tank of an automatic developing apparatus, the developer in the developer tank being replenished with replenishing water and a solid color developing composition comprising a p-phenylenediamine color developing agent having a water-solubilizing group, wherein the replenishing amount of the water is 30 to 75 ml per m.sup.2 of the material processed and the replenishing amount of the color developing agent is 0.024 to 0.066 mol per liter of the replenishing amount of the water.

Abstract: A photosensitive material transfer method in a photographic printer machine includes a multiple-row transfer mode in which the photosensitive material pieces are separated into multiple rows and the rows of the photosensitive material pieces are transferred in controlled speeds and an inter-row transfer mode in which other photosensitive material pieces are carried across regions between the multiple rows so as to run in one or more rows. The multiple-row transfer mode and the inter-row transfer mode are selectively effected during the transfer of photosensitive material pieces from an exposure station to a development station.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic material. The method comprises the steps of (1) developing, fixing and washing a photographic light-sensitive material which comprises a support and a photographic layer including a silver halide emulsion layer being provided on the support in which the outermost surface of the photographic layer has a matting degree of 0 to 150 mmHg and the silver halide emulsion layer contains colloidal silica particles, (2) drying the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material by contacting with a heat conductive member having a surface temperature of 90.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. which installed in a drying zone of the automatic processing machine. In the above method, the photographic light-sensitive material has a moisture content of 3 g/m.sup.2 to 6.5 g/m.sup.

Abstract: A photographic optical system for substantially eliminating non-contact interference fringes in a photographic film comprises: (a) a source of polarized electromagnetic radiation, the radiation being characterized by a wavelength and an incident polarization angle; and (b) a photographic film capable of optical communication with the source and serving to transmit or reflect a portion of the radiation, the film comprising a silver halide emulsion layer on a birefringent support, the support being characterized by a thickness, an emulsion layer interface, an air interface, and birefringence that is dependent on the wavelength of the radiation; wherein the radiation wavelength and incident polarization angle and the support thickness and birefringence are selected such that radiation which penetrates the film and reflects from the air interface exits the support at the emulsion layer interface polarized at an angle substantially perpendicular to the incident polarization angle; whereby the photographic film may

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed silver halide photographic element comprising developing and desilvering the photographic element in a low volume thin tank processor wherein the processor operates at 15% or less of maximum production capacity.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide color light-sensitive material is disclosed. The material has a silver halide emulsion layer on one side of a photographic support of less than 100 .mu.m thickness and a backing layer on the other side and is processed while being conveyed in a developing machine, wherein the conveying tension in the processing machine is not more than 700 g, and the following formula applies:(30.times.D)+(2.times.E)-(600.times..mu.k).gtoreq.3,000wherein D is the thickness (.mu.m) of the photographic support; E is the Young modulus of elasticity (kg/mm.sup.2) of the photographic support in a wet state; .mu.k is the coefficient of friction between the backing layer and the conveying roller in the processing machine in the wet state.The method provides continuous efficient processing with good film conveyability, with no folding on sides of the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material during processing using a developing machine.

Abstract: A method of forming chromogenic photographic image comprising the steps of:providing an aqueous developable photographic element coated on a single dimensionally stable support, wherein said element comprises in reactive association (1) a developing agent, where said developing agent is a primary amine or a precursor of a primary amine, (2) radiation sensitive silver halide, (3) a color coupler compound that forms or releases a dye upon reaction with the oxidation product of a primary amine developing agent, and (4) a hydrophilic binder;exposing said element to actinic radiation; anddeveloping said image by contacting said element with an applied volume of an aqueous processing solution, wherein said applied volume is limited to less than 800% of the swell volume of said element in equilibrium-mechanical contact with said processing solution or the temporal duration of said contacting is limited to a time less than 500% of the time necessary for said element to swell to 90% of said swell volume.

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed photographic material in a processing solution which is unstable to the extent that it deteriorates without external reaction in which the photographic material is passed through a tank containing the solution characterized in that the solution is circulated through the tank at a rate of from 0.1 to 10 tank volumes per minute.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photographic processing chemicals kit comprising a processing agent and a flexible container formed of multilayer film. The chemicals kit provide a photographic processing chemicals packaging material capable of protecting the photographic processing characteristics of its content against any storage conditions accompanied by a high temperature or vibration.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed in which a matting agent contained in a coating solution is prevented from settling in solution and peeling off during processing. The silver halide photographic material contains at least one light-sensitive emulsion and at least one surface protective layer on a support. The surface protective layer contains a polymer latex having an average particle size of up to 2 .mu.m and a perticular precipitation amount as measured in a test coating solution or a crosslinked polymer latex having a hydrophilic group.

Abstract: A method of processing silver halide color photographic material is disclosed. The process comprises a step of color development, a step of processing with a processor having a bleaching power and a step of stabilization, wherein an air-time ratio at a step of color development, or a step of processing with a processor having a bleaching power is 15 to 65%.

Abstract: An improved silver halide photographic materials comprising a support and a photographic layer unit thereon. The improvement is such that said photographic layer unit comprises a light sensitive layer having silver halide grains, of which a chloride content is not less than 30 mol %, and said photographic layer unit comprises not more than 2.8 g/m.sup.2 of gelatin, and a portion not less than 50 wt % of said gelatin has a jelly strength of not less than 240.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising a support and a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer provided on the frontside of the support, said photographic material being arranged in a processing container containing a processing solution to form a gap or series of continuous gaps adjacent to the surface of the light-sensitive layer between the frontside of the photographic material and the backside of the same photographic material, or between the frontside of the photographic material and a second photographic material, or between the frontside of the photographic material and a light-insensitive member, said gap or continuous series of gaps having a substantially constant gap width, comprising the steps of introducing a processing solution stream into each gap and replacing the processing solution thus introduced in an amount at least equivalent to the capacity of the gaps.

Abstract: Wet pressure sensitivity of a film having a silver halide coating is indirectly determined by measurement of a difference in density of a coating area which has increased pressure applied thereto compared to a coating area without such increased pressure.

Abstract: A vacuum package of a color developing composition comprising an aromatic primary amine color developing agent and other components is obtained by vacuum packaging the components in a bag as a layered structure of at least three solid state layers each consisting of a distinct component. A bottom layer consists of the color developing agent. A layer containing a component selected from an organic acid, brightener, polymer, surface active agent, and neutral salt is disposed adjacent the color developing agent layer. Additional layers containing a preservative and an alkaline agent are stacked on the bottom layer through the adjacent layer. The packaged composition is taken out of the bag and diluted with water to prepare a color developer.