Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a planographic printing plate, including: subjecting a planographic printing plate precursor, to image-wise exposure; and developing it using an alkaline aqueous solution which contains a specific compound and has a pH of from 8.5 to 10.8, in this order. The recording layer has: a lower layer containing a water-insoluble and alkali-soluble resin and an infrared ray absorbing agent; and an upper layer containing a water-insoluble and alkali-soluble polyurethane resin and a polyorganosiloxane. The specific compound is a nonionic or anionic surfactant, or at least one compound represented by Formula (1) or (2), wherein R11, R12, and R13 each represent an alkyl group; R14 represents an alkylene group; and R15 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom; and R21, R22, and R23 each represent an alkyl group.

Abstract: A photoresist developer including a basic aqueous solution containing 0.5˜10 mass % of a particular nonionic surfactant and 0.01-10 mass % of particular ammonium compound, the photoresist developer makes it possible to form a favorable resist pattern with out causing scum even when developing thick photoresists.

Abstract: A silicate-free alkaline aqueous developer composition has a pH of at least 12 and comprises a metal cation M2+ selected from barium, calcium, strontium, and zinc cations, and a chelating agent that has a complex formation constant (log K) for the metal cation of at least 3.5 and less than or equal to 4.5, and a log K for aluminum ion that is 7 or less. This developer composition can be used to process positive-working lithographic printing plate precursors to provide lithographic printing plates.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive resist processing liquid composition which is composed of an aqueous solution containing a quaternary ammonium hydroxide represented by the following general formula (I). In the formula, R1 and R3 independently represent a methyl group, and R2 represents an alkyl group having 12-18 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A resist composition for immersion exposure including a base component (A) that exhibits changed solubility in an alkali developing solution under the action of acid, an acid generator component (B) that generates acid upon exposure, and a fluorine-containing copolymer (C) containing a structural unit (c1) represented by general formula (c1-1) shown below. In the formula, R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a halogenated lower alkyl group, Q1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group, A represents an aromatic cyclic group that may have a substituent, Q2 represents a group in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from a monovalent hydrophilic group, R2 represents a base dissociable group, and a represents 1 or 2, provided that at least one among A and the a R2 groups contains a fluorine atom.

Abstract: A positive resist composition for immersion lithography of the present invention includes a resin component (A) which exhibits increased alkali solubility under the action of acid; and an acid generator component (B) which generates acid on exposure, wherein the resin component (A) includes a cyclic main chain resin (A1) containing a fluorine atom and no acid-dissociable group, and a resin (A2) containing a structural unit (a) derived from an acrylic acid and no fluorine atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive resist composition and a resist pattern forming method that are capable of forming a resist pattern with a reduced level of roughness. The positive resist composition includes the compound represented by the general formula (I) below. The present invention also provides the resist pattern forming method using the positive resist composition above. [wherein, in formula (I), R11 and R12 each represents, independently, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and may include a hetero atom in the structure thereof; R21 to R24 each represents, independently, a hydrogen atom or an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group, and two of the R21 to R24 represents a hydrogen atom and the others represents an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group; X is a group represented by general formulas (Ia) or (Ib) below].

Abstract: A polyimide-based polycondensate which may be used as an insulation film by coating a copper foil with the polycondensate and by heating the coated copper foil, which insulation film does not warp the foil, as well as a production process thereof, is disclosed. The polycondensate according to the invention is a solvent-soluble polycondensate containing a benzoxazole component having a carboxylic group and an imide component having a phenolic hydroxyl group, which is obtained by dehydration-condensing one or more tetracarboxylic dianhydrides with one or more aromatic diamines having an amino group and a phenolic hydroxyl group, the amino group and the phenolic hydroxyl group being located at ortho positions with respect to each other, by heating the one or more tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and the one or more aromatic diamines at 150° C. to 220° C. in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A black-and-white silver halide photographic material has been disclosed, coated on a support with at least one light-sensitive emulsion layer, comprising a spectrally sensitized prefogged direct-positive silver halide emulsion, providing peak absorption in the wavelength range from 600 nm up to 700 nm, wherein said emulsion comprises a binder and core-shell emulsion crystals having silver bromide in a total amount of at least 80 mole %, characterized in that said emulsion is spectrally sensitized with a combination of a desensitizing dye having an absorption maximum wavelength in a range from 600 nm up to 700 nm, if present as a sole dye in said emulsion, and at least one azacyanine dye having an absorption maximum at a more hypsochromic wavelength.

Abstract: Recovering the dye image on film in electronic film development following a latent holding stage obviates the problem common in prior art electronic film development of film image destruction. Recovery of the image is accomplished using a developing agent containing couplers to form a dye image. These dyes do not affect the infrared scans of the image. Upon complete development of the dye image, further dye formation is halted by the application of a coupler blocking agent, while silver development and electronic scanning may continue or halt. After halting dye formation, the film is stable for an arbitrary time in a latent stage and may be dried and stored. Following this latent stage, silver is removed from the film with a bleach-fix leaving a conventionally usable film image.

Abstract: A new fogging photographic processing solution for a reversal process comprises a compound (I) and a bi-nucleophilic agent. Compound (I) corresponds to the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a group capable of being adsorbed to the silver halide surface, L is a linking group and r is 0 or 1, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from an alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted, and an aryl group substituted or unsubstituted. A process of producing a positive image by imagewise exposure of a reversal silver halide material comprises contacting the material with the above fogging solution or by imagewise exposure of such a material containing a compound (I) and contacting the material with a solution comprising a bi-nucleophilic agent.

Abstract: A silver halide color photographic photosensitive material is disclosed which comprises a transparent support on which there are provided at least one cyan color forming coupler containing layer, at least one magenta color forming coupler containing layer, and at least one yellow color forming coupler containing layer, and at least one light-insensitive layer, wherein a compound represented by formula (I), a compound represented by formula (IIa) or (IIb) or both, and an internal latent image forming silver halide grain are contained in the photographic material: ##STR1## wherein Z.sup.11 represents a group of non-metal atoms which is required to form a five or six membered heterocyclic ring, and Z.sup.11 may be substituted with substituent groups; R.sup.11 is an aliphatic group; and R.sup.12 is a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group or an aromatic group; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 may be substituted with substituent groups; R.sup.12 may be joined to the heterocyclic ring completed by Z.sup.

Abstract: A solution containing a water-soluble stilbene sulfonic acid derivative which is used to solubilize oily dye residues in photodeveloper solutions used to develop direct positive silver halide film without generating foam is disclosed.

Abstract: Method for the production of direct-positive images by image-wise exposing a light-sensitive silver halide material comprising a support and an internal latent image-type silver halide emulsion layer and developing said exposed material in the presence of at least one development nucleator and density-increasing amounts of a compound chosen from the class consisting of formic acid, oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, or salts of these and/or of a compound chosen from the class consisting of polyethylene glycols, with a hydroquinone-type developing solution having a pH not higher than 12.0 and comprising less than 25 g per liter of a hydroquinone and 5 to 100 g per liter of at least one alkanolamine.

Abstract: Poly(ethylene glycol)-N-succinimide carbonate and its preparation are disclosed. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is converted into its N-succinimide carbonate derivative. This form of the polymer reacts readily with amino groups of proteins in aqueous buffers. The modified proteins have PEG-chains grafted onto the polypeptide backbone by means of stable, hydrolysis-resistant urethane (carbamate) linkages.

Abstract: A method of producing a self-supporting film carrying a positive photographic image is provided, comprising splitting an image-carrying positive photographic film in a manner known per se and removing remaining adhering paper residues from the image part and using the so obtained image part as the self-supporting film having thickness of less than 50 .mu.m. Also embodiments are shown for carrying out this process continuously.

Abstract: A method for forming a direct positive image having a high Dmax and a low Dmin, which comprises image-wise exposing a photographic light-sensitive material having on a support at least one photographic emulsion layer containing unprefogged internal latent image-type silver halide grains and developing the photographic light-sensitive material after or while fogging to form direct positive image, wherein the aforesaid development is performed in the existence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V) or (VI), acid salts of compounds represented by formula (I) to (IV) provided substituents thereof contain an amino group, and acid salts of compound represented by formula (V) or (VI); ##STR1## wherein symbols are defined as in claim 1.

Abstract: A method for forming a direct positive image by the steps of:(a) imagewise exposing a photosensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer containing non-prefogged silver halide grains capable of forming an internal latent image; at least one of the light-sensitive emulsion layer or the other hydrophilic colloidal layer of the photosensitive material containing the following compound (a): ##STR1## (b) developing the exposed material in the presence of a developing agent and at least one nucleating agent; and(c) at least one of fixing and bleaching said developed photosensitive material to form a positive image.When used for making computer output images, the method according to the present invention provides rapid and stable formation of direct positive images with a high Dmax and a low Dmin, and prevents re-reversal negative formation during high illuminance exposure.

Abstract: A method for forming a direct positive image composed of the step of developing with a surface developer an imagewise exposed photosensitive material compose of support having thereon at least one photosensitive emulsion layer containing unprefogged silver halide grains capable of forming an internal latent image; the at least the photosensitive emulsion layer composed of hexagonal tabular silver halide grains in an amount of at least 30 wt %, based on the total silver amount of silver halide grains therein; the hexagonal tabular grains having two parallel hexagonal faces, the ratio of the longest side to the shortest side of the hexagon being at most 2; the aspect ratio of the hexagonal tabular grains being from 2 to 8; and the hexagonal tabular grains having a monodisperse size distribution. The method provides increases in processing speed, maximum density, and contrast in the toe portion, and an improvement in graininess, even when exhausted processing solutions are used.

Abstract: A method for forming a direct positive image comprising the steps of:(a) imagewise exposing a photographic light-sensitive material composed of a support having thereon at least one unprefogged internal latent image type silver halide light-sensitive emulsion layer; and(b) developing the exposed photographic light-sensitive material to form a direct positive image in the presence of at least one nucleating agent represented by formula (N-I); ##STR1## wherein Z.sup.1 represents nonmetal atomic group necessary for forming a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic ring fused with an aromatic ring, or a 5-membered or 6-member heterocyclic ring fused with another heterocyclic ring; R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic group; X represents ##STR2## Q represents a nonmetallic atomic group necessary for forming a 4-membered to 12-membered nonaromatic hydrocarbon ring or a 4-membered to 12-membered nonaromatic heterocyclic ring; provided that at least one of R.sup.1, Z.sup.

Abstract: A method for the formation of direct positive color images wherein after image-wise exposure of a direct positive color photosensitive material which comprises at least one internal latent image type silver halide emulsion layer which has not been pre-fogged and color image forming couplers on a support, the material is subjected to development after and/or during a fogging process, the development process being carried out using a development bath which contains at least one N-hydroxylalkyl substituted p-phenylenediamine derivative in the presence of at least one compound of general formula [I] and/or [II] as indicated below: ##STR1## wherein Q represents the group of atoms required to form a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring, which heterocyclic ring may be condensed with a carbon aromatic ring or a heterocyclic aromatic ring,Y represents a divalent linking group consisting of at least one atom selected from the group consisting of, carbon atom, nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, and R represents

Abstract: A process for forming a direct positive color image is disclosed, the process comprising imagewise exposing a photosensitive material containing at least one emulsion layer of silver halide of internal latent image type, which has not been preliminarily fogged, and a color image-forming coupler; developing said material using a surface developing solution containing an aromatic primary amine color developing agent in the presence of a nucleating agent and/or in the condition that fogging exposure is carried out prior to the developing step or during the developing step; bleaching; and fixing, wherein said color coupler is a compound which is in itself substantially nondiffusible, and capable of forming or releasing a substantially nondiffusible dye upon oxidative coupling with said aromatic primary amine color developing agent and said development processing is carried out at a pH of 11.

Abstract: A method of producing a self-supporting film carrying a positive photographic image is provided, comprising splitting an image-carrying positive photographic film in a manner known per se and removing remaining adhering paper residues from the image part and using the so obtained image part as the self-supporting film having thickness of less than 50 .mu.m. Also embodiments are shown for carrying out this process continuously.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for processing a silver halide photographic material having at least one silver halide emulsion layer on a support and containing at least one hydrazine derivative in said silver halide emulsion layer or in another hydrophilic colloid layer with a roller-conveying type automatic developing machine using a dihydroxybenzene developer containing a sulfite preservative in an amount of 0.15 mol/liter or more at pH of 10.5 to 12.3, which method is characterized in that at least the roller which is in contact with both the developer and air, among the rollers of the said developing machine, is continuously rotated at a determined speed during conveyance or processing of the material during a processing phase, and intermittently rotated during a stand-by phase. By the method, the photographic material may be processed stably and rapidly for a long period of time to give an image having a high contrast and a high blackened density.

Abstract: A direct positive silver halide photographic material with an internal latent image-type silver halide emulsion layer that provides a direct positive image by a fogging treatment (for example, an overall exposure, or surface developing treatment in the presence of a fogging agent) after imagewise exposure. The silver halide particles which form the emulsion layer consist essentially of a core portion made of silver halide and having been chemically sensitized or doped with metal ions. There are provided a plural number of shell portions made of silver halide containing silver chloride. The chloride content of an inner shell adjacent to the outmost shell of the particles has a smaller amount of chloride content than that of the outermost shell. The photographic material is used by first imagewise exposing it to light, effecting overall fogging treatment on the silver halide particles and processing the exposed photographic material to produce the image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for forming a direct positive color image, wherein bleaching time is reduced and color reproduction is not deteriorated. According to the present invention, there is provided a process for forming a direct positive color image comprising exposing a photosensitive material comprising, on a support, at least one photographic emulsion layer containing previously unfogged internal latent image-type silver halide grains and a color image-forming coupler, color-developing the same in the presence of a nucleating agent and/or fogging light, and then processing it with a processing solution having a bleaching effect, characterized in that a bleaching accelerator is incorporated into the processing bath having the bleaching effect or a pre-processing bath, or said bleaching accelerator is incorporated into the photosensitive material.

Abstract: A process for producing masked positive color images by the silver dye bleach process using a developer solution which contains 0.3 to 1.0 mol/l of a bromide.

Abstract: The processing of exposed silver dye bleach materials by applying, to the uppermost layer of the material, an amount of processing liquid which corresponds to not more than the swelling volume of the material, followed by a heat treatment.The process is particularly suitable for the production of positive colored images, especially in automatic copying or photographing machines.

Abstract: A process for forming direct positive color photographic image is disclosed whereby a color photographic material having on a support at least one previously unfogged internal latent image-type silver halide emulsion layer and at least color forming coupler is developed, after imagewise exposure, with a surface color developer containing an aromatic primary amine color developing agent while applying thereto a fogging treatment, with or without the presence of a nucleating agent, before or during the development step, and bleaching and fixing (or blixing) the color photographic material, whereinthe pH of the surface color developer is not higher than 11.2,the color image forming coupler is a compound which is substantially non-diffusible and forms and releases a dye causing oxidative coupling with the aromatic primary amine color developing agent,and the surface of the silver halide in the internal latent image-type silver halide has been gold-sensitized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for forming a direct positive color image comprising(a) imagewise exposing a direct positive photosensitive silver halide color photographic material to light to yield an imagewise exposed material, said photographic material having a support and at least one silver halide emulsion layer thereon, said emulsion layer containing a coupler and internal latent image type silver halide crystals whose surfaces have not been fogged prior to said imagewise exposure, and(b) uniformly exposing to light the entire surface of said imagewise exposed photographic material before or during a development step and in the presence of a substance of Formula IV, a compound of formula I and a color-developing agent consisting of aromatic primary amino compounds selected from the group consisting of N-methyl-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(-methanesulfonamidoethyl) aniline,4-amino-3-methyl-N-ethyl-N-(-hydroxyethyl) aniline, 4-amino-3-methyl-N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, and 4-

Abstract: In a method for forming a direct positive color image which comprises image-wise exposing to light a light-sensitive material comprising a support having provided thereon at least one photographic emulsion layer contaiing unfogged internal latent image type silver halide grains and a color image-forming coupler; developing the light-sensitive material with a surface developing solution containing an aromatic primary amine type color developing agent in the presence of a nucleating agent and/or fogging exposure; bleaching and fixing the resulting material to form the direct positive color image, the improvement is characterized in that the developing solution has a pH of 11.5 or less and does not substantially contain benzyl alcohol; the color coupler is a compound which forms or releases a substantially non-diffusive dye by oxidation coupling with a developing agent, and the internal latent image type silver halide grains have a particular core/shell structure.

Abstract: Photographic direct-positive emulsions with silver halide crystals of layered structure are prepared.The silver halide crystals of these emulsions can form a latent internal image and are superficially converted to silver iodide. Normal surface developers are suitable for developing.

Abstract: An image recording process and image recording material are described, said material comprising a support having provided thereon at least one light-sensitive layer containing in a binder a light-sensitive silver halide, a polymrizable vinyl monomer, a photopolymerization initiator and a reducing agent which has a function as a developing agent for silver halide and a function as a polymerization inhibitor for the polymerizable vinyl monomer, but loses the function as a polymerization inhibitor after development of silver halide, and said process comprising imagewise exposure, heating and uniform light exposure.

Abstract: Direct positive photographic elements are disclosed employing internal latent image silver halide emulsions associated with developer autoxidation promoter agents constituted by 5 or 6 membered nucleus-containing heterocyclic compounds comprising an azomethine group, whose methine group is substituted with a 5-amino-1,2,4-triazolyl group, and/or copper complex compounds thereof.Preferably said direct positive photographic elements are multi-layer elements comprising internal latent image type type silver halide emulsion layers sensitized to different regions of the visible light and associated with image-dye providing compounds (photographic color couplers).

Abstract: An image forming method which comprises copying an original on a photosensitive material employing a direct reversal photographic emulsion is disclosed. The method comprises conducting ordinary exposure when the original image is a positive image and conducting exposure at high illuminance when the original image is a negative image. Thereby, it is possible to obtain a direct positive image from either the original positive or original negative image. The process is greatly advantageous with respect to forming positive images since the process can be utilized to obtain positive images regardless whether the original image is positive or negative.

Abstract: The definition of a photographic emulsion of the positive acting type that would normally produce a positive image is improved by normally exposing the emulsion to actinic radiation and developing the photographic emulsion, bleaching it, exposing the emulsion again to actinic radiation and redeveloping it to reverse the image that would normally result on the film.

Abstract: A method of recording images on a radiation sensitive material comprising forming a layer of a radiation sensitive material comprised of a heterogeneous mixture of substances. At least one of the substances of the heterogeneous mixture serves as a binder capable of converting its states of aggregation in the mixture under the action of the intrinsic or reflected radiation obtainable from the object being recorded. Another substance of the heterogeneous mixture, in the form of particles, is capable of interacting with a force field. The layer is introduced in a force field and an image of the object being recorded is projeced on that layer. The produced image is fixed by converting the state of aggregation of the heterogeneous mixture. The proposed method makes it possible to record images in any spectral range of the intrinsic and reflected radiation of the object. Images of any objects can be recorded on that layer containing no silver halides.

Abstract: Additive method of manufacturing metal patterns on synthetic resin substrates, printed circuits in particular. A nuclear image of a desired pattern is obtained by means of a salt of a metal which may occur in more than one valency and a noble metal salt by inactivating the substrate area outside the desired pattern by photo-oxidation by means of exposure to light in the presence of oxygen. The ultimate metal pattern is deposited by electroless metal deposition on the nuclear image.

Abstract: A photographic process comprising exposing imagewise a photosensitive layer containing a divalent tin basic salt to actinic rays to form a pattern consisting of non-reducing exposed areas and reducing non-exposed areas and contacting the exposed photo-sensitive layer with a developer capable of forming or erasing color by reduction to thereby form a visible image corresponding to said non-exposed areas or said exposed areas.

Abstract: A process is disclosed of forming in a silver halide photographic element a visible image corresponding to a pattern of ultrasonic exposure. This process is characterized by providing in the photographic element internally fogged silver halide grains and contacting the element with a transport liquid in the presence of a solute capable of rendering the internally fogged silver halide grains developable in a surface developer. The element is then imagewise ultrasonically exposed and developed with a surface developer to produce a visible image defined by the pattern of ultrasonic exposure.

Abstract: A process is disclosed of forming a visible ultrasonographic image in a silver halide photographic element. This is achieved by imagewise exposing the layer to ultrasonic radiation at an intensity and for a duration sufficient to alter the exposure response of the element to electromagnetic radiation, but below that which will produce a latent image in the absence of externally applied electromagnetic radiation. The element is concurrently or subsequently exposed to electromagnetic radiation to produce a latent image therein defined by the imagewise ultrasonic radiation exposure. The element is then photographically processed to produce a visible image corresponding to the latent image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a direct positive photographic material having an improved time-dependent storage stability. The material comprises a support having thereon at least one photographic emulsion layer containing previously non-fogged internal latent image type silver halide grains wherein the photographic emulsion layer contains at least one compound of formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.11 is an aryl group, R.sup.12 to R.sup.15 each are a hydrogen atom, or an aliphatic or aromatic group, and R.sup.11 to F.sup.15 may have substituent(s) and may form ring(s).