Abstract: A substrate treatment method of performing treatment on a substrate on which a pattern mask has been formed by exposure and developing treatment to improve roughness of the pattern mask includes the processes of: mounting the substrate on a stage in a treatment container; and repeating a plurality of times steps of supplying a solvent gas to a center portion of the substrate while exhausting the solvent gas from a periphery of the substrate to swell the pattern mask, and then supplying a drying gas for drying the solvent supplied to the substrate to the center portion of the substrate while exhausting the drying gas from the periphery of the substrate.

Abstract: The temperature of a developing solution is varied depending on the type of resist or the resist pattern. The developing solution is applied while scanning a developer nozzle having a slit-shaped ejection port that has a length matching the width of the effective area of the substrate. After leaving the substrate with the developing solution being coated thereon for a predetermined period of time, a diluent is supplied while scanning a diluent nozzle, thereby substantially stopping the development reaction and causing the dissolved resist components to diffuse. A desired amount of resist can be quickly dissolved through the control of the developing solution temperature, while the development can be stopped before the dissolved resist components exhibit adverse effect through the supply of the diluent a predetermined timing, whereby achieving a pattern having a uniform line width and improved throughput.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes etching a substrate to form a body separated by a trench, forming liner layers that cover sidewalls of the body, forming a sacrificial layer that fills the trench and exposes an upper sidewall of each liner layer, forming a hard mask pattern that covers a first one of the liner layers having the exposed upper sidewalls, forming a barrier layer to be selectively grown over the exposed upper sidewalls of a second one of the liner layers, removing the hard mask pattern, removing a part of the sacrificial layer to expose a lower sidewall of a first one of the liner layers, and removing the lower sidewall of the first one of the liner layers to form a side contact.

Abstract: A rinsing method for performing a rinsing process on a substrate, after a developing process is performed on a light-exposed pattern disposed thereon, includes a step (STEP 5) of throwing off a developing solution from the substrate after development; a step (STEP 6) of supplying a water-based cleaning liquid onto the substrate; a step (STEP 7) of supplying a surfactant-containing rinsing liquid onto the substrate to replace liquid remaining on the substrate with the surfactant-containing rinsing liquid; and a step (STEP 8) of rotating the substrate to expand and throw off the surfactant-containing rinsing liquid on the substrate. STEP 8 is arranged to supply the surfactant-containing rinsing liquid for a supply time of 5 seconds or less. STEP 9 is arranged to include a first period with a lower rotation number and a second period with a higher rotation number, and to set the rotation number of the substrate in the first period to be more than 300 rpm and less than 1,000 rpm.

Abstract: Resist stripping agents useful for fabricating circuits and/or forming electrodes on semiconductor devices for semiconductor integrated circuits and/or liquid crystals with reduced metal and metal alloy etch rates (particularly copper etch rates and TiW etch rates), are provided with methods for their use. The preferred stripping agents contain low concentrations of resorcinol or a resorcinol derivative, with or without an added copper salt, and with or without an added amine to improve solubility of the copper salt. Further provided are integrated circuit devices and electronic interconnect structures prepared according to these methods.

Abstract: Photographic processing of color photographic materials can be carried out using polyphosphonic acids or salts thereof in acidic “stop” solutions or wash solutions after color development. When used in acidic stop solutions, the polyphosphonic acid is preferably carried over into the bleaching solution to provide added stability of the bleaching agent. The acidic stop solutions can also include organic thiols that are used as bleaching accelerators when carried over into the bleaching solutions.

Abstract: A post-exposure treatment method of a silver halide emulsion layer in the manufacture of a hologram, a hologram manufacturing using the post-exposure treatment method, and a holographic optical element including the hologram are provided. The post-exposure treatment method of a silver halide emulsion layer involves: pre-hardening the silver halide emulsion layer after exposure; developing the pre-hardened silver halide emulsion layer using a developer solution; bleaching the developed silver halide emulsion layer; hardening the bleached silver halide emulsion layer; drying the hardened silver halide emulsion layer; surface-hardening the dried silver halide emulsion layer; fixing the hardened silver halide emulsion layer; treating the fixed silver halide emulsion layer using warm water; and drying the silver halide emulsion layer which has been treated using warm water.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for processing a silver halide color photographic material comprising the steps of loading the material into a chamber adapted to hold the material therein; introducing a measured amount of a color developer solution into the chamber; developing the photographic material with the color developer solution; introducing into the chamber a measured amount of a processing solution which arrests development, without removing the color developer solution, to form a developer/stop solution mixture; processing the photographic material with the developer/stop solution mixture, substantially removing all of the developer/stop mixture solution from the chamber; then providing in the chamber a bleach/fixer solution mixture comprising a bleaching agent and a fixing agent; and processing the photographic material with the bleach/fixer solution mixture; wherein the color developer solution is utilized in the amount of greater than or equal to 375 ml/m2 of the photographic material that is

Abstract: A method for preparing a kit part of a bleach-fixing solution or a kit of a bleaching solution for use in silver halide color photographic materials is disclosed, comprising (a) adding a [S,S]-alkylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid or its salt into a mixing tank to form a solution, and then, (b) adding thereto at least one iron(III) salt selected from the group consisting of iron(III) nitrate, iron(III) chloride, iron(III) bromide, (M1)3Fe(III) (SO4)3 and M1Fe(III) (SO4)2.

Abstract: A photographic prebleaching or conditioning composition is useful for providing color positive images in color reversal photographic materials. This composition includes at least 0.0001 mol/l of a cyclic mercapto bleach accelerating agent and at least 0.0001 mol/l of a water-soluble or water-dispersible 2,6-diarylaminotriazine or diaminostilbene dye stain reducing agent. The amounts of the dye stain reducing agent and bleach accelerating agents are determined according to the following equation: [bleach accelerating agent, mol/l]≧0.01−10[dye stain reducing agent, mol/l].

Abstract: Method of restoring black-and-white picture under aging phenomena includes ethylene alcohol wipe process proceeded to wipe a surface of photograph dry plate or negative film taken the black-and-white picture and preserved for a long term by ethylene alcohol and allow it to dry; silver mirror removal process proceeded to wipe and drop a silver part on the surface of image of the photograph dry plate or negative film by silver mirror removal liquid after the ethylene alcohol wipe process is proceeded; and tail end process proceeded such that the photograph dry plate or negative film removed the silver mirror in the removal process is washed in clear water by water or stream and it can be dried.

Abstract: An aqueous photographic bleach solution comprises, as primary oxidant, in a concentration eg from about 0.1 to about 1 Molar of a transition metal oxidizing agent and, as secondary oxidant, from about 0.03 to about 0.15 Molar of a persulphate or from about 0.1 to about 0.8 Molar of a peroxide. The primary oxidant is preferably a ferric complex of an aminopolycarboxylic acid such as ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), propylene diamine tetraacetic acid (PDTA), diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), or a substituted imino diacetic acid such as methyl imino diacetic acid (MIDA). The peroxide can be provided by a compound that liberates peroxide under the bleach conditions. The solutions of the invention are particularly suitable for use with a single use surface application device in which a small volume of the solution is used once and then discarded.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic material in which a fixed volume of processing solution is added to the surface of the material and spread repeatedly over the length of material. The processing solution is added to the material in at least two stages.

Abstract: Color reversal photographic elements can be effectively processed to provide positive color images using bleaching compositions in which the primary bleaching agent is a ferric complex of 1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid or a salt thereof. Any potential precipitation of the bleaching agent is inhibited by the presence of at least 0.005 mol/l of an organic polyphosphonic acid, an aminopolysuccinic acid, or a polycarboxylic acid containing at least one hydroxy group as a compound. This compound can be added directly to the bleaching composition or introduced from carryover from a previous photoprocessing step, such as a prebleaching step using color reversal processing.

Abstract: A bleach or bleach/fixing solution for processing photographic silver halide materials which, relative to the silver halide content of the unprocessed material, exhibit prior to the bleaching step a content of silver arising from development of at least 65 mol %, in particular for processing color reversal materials, characterized in that the solution contains at least one iron complex of propylenediaminetetraacetic acid or of &bgr;-alaninediacetic acid or a mixture of these complexes and the total concentration of the stated iron complexes in the solution is at least 0.045 and at most 0.25 mol/l and a process for processing, in which such a solution is used, is characterized by a small introduced quantity of iron complexes, a low residual silver content, a low bleaching fog value, elevated resistance to precipitation and in that the bleach solution may be rejuvenated.

Abstract: A method of producing a photographic image in an imagewise exposed photographic material comprising one or more silver halide emulsion layers comprises

Abstract: A method of producing a photographic image in an imagewise exposed photographic material comprising one or more silver halide emulsion layers comprises

Abstract: A conditioning solution or bleach accelerating solution can be used to process color photographic films, especially color reversal films, to minimize magenta dye fade. This solution contains an antimicrobial composition that consists essentially of a polyaminocarboxylic acid or salt thereof as the sole antimicrobial agent. This agent is present in an amount of less than about 3 g/l.

Abstract: Color photographic silver halide elements, such as color films, can be rapidly fixed using a fixing composition containing a thiosulfate fixing agent, and certain 1,3-thiazolidine-2-thiones. Each of the components is present in specific amounts to effect rapid and efficient desilvering. The composition also includes predominantly ammonium cations (at least 50 mol %). Besides effective and rapid silver removal (less than 60 seconds), the fixing composition also minimizes residual dye stain from sensitizing dye aggregates within the photographic elements.

Abstract: The method for the aptitude testing of protein fractions containing factor VIII the further processing of which comprises a pasteurizing step is performed in such a way that the starting material is examined for fragments within a range of from 20 to 50 kD. Fragments of factor VIII within this range evidently cause inhibitor formations in patients pretreated with factor VIII. Batches contaminated with such fragments can also be utilized, i.e., for the preparation of a high purity virus-free factor VIII by size exclusion chromatography on hydrophilic materials.

Abstract: Recovering the dye image on film in electronic film development following a latent holding stage obviates the problem common in prior art electronic film development of film image destruction. Recovery of the image is accomplished using a developing agent containing couplers to form a dye image. These dyes do not affect the infrared scans of the image. Upon complete development of the dye image, further dye formation is halted by the application of a coupler blocking agent, while silver development and electronic scanning may continue or halt. After halting dye formation, the film is stable for an arbitrary time in a latent stage and may be dried and stored. Following this latent stage, silver is removed from the film with a bleach-fix leaving a conventionally usable film image.

Abstract: Methods of selectively silvering photographic materials. A method for selective reflective silvering of color negative photographic materials, whereby an attractive image comprising reflective silver, black, and full color areas may be obtained, comprises the steps of developing the materials using a conventional color developer, applying a reflective silvering bath, and removing silver from selected areas of said materials. A method for selective reflective silvering of color positive photographic materials comprises the steps of developing said materials using a conventional color developer, applying a reflective silvering bath, and removing silver from selected areas of said materials.

Abstract: The invention concerns the antistatic processing of photographic products. The process of the invention comprises applying an antistatic composition to the edge of a film reel. The antistatic composition may comprise an aqueous solution of an polymeric aluminosilicate. The invention has application to the improvement of antistatic characteristics during the photographic processing and printing of cinematographic films.

Abstract: A color photographic silver halide material is processed effectively without formation of rust after the bleaching step. Bleaching is accomplished using an iron chelate of a biodegradable aminopolycarboxylic acid chelating ligand that has a tendency to form "rust" or ferrous hydroxide in processing baths conventionally used after bleaching, such as washing solution. This tendency to form rust is overcome by spraying the bleached film with a washing solution before fixing, and without immersion of the film in that washing solution.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of processing in a processor an image-wise exposed black-and-white light-sensitive silver halide photographic material comprising the steps of developing in a developing solution and fixing in a fixer solution, characterized in that upon starting of the processing the said fixer solution comprises a mixture of a fixer starter solution and a fixer replenisher solution, in that said fixer solution is replenished with the said fixer replenishing solution and in that the said fixer starter solution is a developing solution.

Abstract: A conditioning or bleach accelerating solution is prepared by diluting a concentrate up to 25 times. The concentrate contains a formaldehyde bisulfite precursor salt at from 200 to 600 g/l, sulfite ions at 0 to 200 g/l, a bleach accelerating agent at from 1.5 to 25 g/l, and a metal ion chelating agent present at up to 60 g/l. The concentrate is free of sodium ions.

Abstract: Certain organic carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds are useful catalysts for hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents in photographic processing methods. These compounds are oxidizable by hydrogen peroxide and reducible by silver metal at a pH of from 1 to 7, and have a chemically reversible redox couple of from about -0.20 to about +1.0 volts at the same pH. The hydrogen peroxide bleaching ability is enhanced by the presence of these compounds which can be used in the bleaching solution itself, or in a prebath solution. The combination of the organic compound with a transition metal ion co-catalyst provides a synergistic effect in bleaching acceleration.

Abstract: A method of processing an imagewise exposed photographic silver halide color material which comprises color development and bleach steps. Between these two steps is a fixing, stop or wash step, the solution for which is passed through an absorbent material that removes carryover color developing agent.

Abstract: A method of processing photographic silver halide color material comprises, in order, a dye image-forming development step, a step which has the purpose of stopping further dye formation and a bleaching or bleach-fixing. The bleaching or bleach-fixing solution is made by adding additional components to all or some of the overflow of the stop bath. This decreases stain levels without increasing chemical load.

Abstract: A conditioning or bleach accelerating solution can be used to process color photographic films, especially color reversal films, to minimize magenta dye fade while reducing the needed amount of formaldehyde stabilizer. This solution is provided in highly concentrated form and diluted up to 9:1 prior to or during use. The concentrate contains a formaldehyde precursor at .ltoreq.450 g/l, a sulfite at from 0 to 100 g/l, a bleach accelerating agent at .ltoreq.13.5, and a metal ion chelating agent at .ltoreq.45 g/l.

Abstract: Color photographic elements can be effectively and rapidly bleached using acidic peroxide bleaching solutions when an alkaline prebath solution is used to activate the acidic bleaching solution.

Abstract: A conditioning or bleach accelerating solution can be used to process color photographic films, especially color reversal films, to minimize magenta dye fade while reducing the needed amount of formaldehyde stabilizer. This solution is provided in highly concentrated form and diluted up to 9:1 prior to or during use. The concentrate contains a formaldehyde precursor at 200 to 450 g/l, a sulfite at from 40 to 100 g/l, a bleach accelerating agent at 1.5 to 13.5, and a metal ion chelating agent at 5 to 45 g/l.

Abstract: A conditioning or bleach accelerating solution can be used to process color photographic films, especially color reversal films, to minimize magenta dye fade while reducing the needed amount of formaldehyde stabilizer. These advantageous effects are achieved by including a secondary amine in the solution along with a formaldehyde precursor and a bleach accelerator.

Abstract: Certain cationic hydroquinones are useful catalysts for persulfate bleaching agents in photographic processing methods. These compounds are oxidizable by persulfate and reducible by silver metal at a pH of from 1 to 7, and have a chemically reversible redox couple of from about -0.20 to about +1.5 volts. The persulate bleaching ability is enhanced by the presence of these compounds which are used in a step prior to bleaching.

Abstract: Copper (II) ligand complexes are useful to catalyze the activity of peracid bleaching agents. The complexes can be included in the bleaching solutions, or used in a suitable solution prior to the bleaching step. The ligands are .alpha.-diimines having sites available to complex with copper (II).

Abstract: This invention provides an accelerator for peracid bleaches used for bleaching silver halide photographic elements. The accelerator is a complex of ferric (Fe III) ion and a 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid or a 2,6-pyridinecarboxylic acid. The accelerator may be contained in the bleaching solution, a solution preceding the bleaching solution or in the photographic elements themselves.

Abstract: A processing solution for a silver halide color photographic material, said solution containing at least one kind of compound represented by formula (I), (II), or (III); ##STR1## the substituents are defined in the instant specification.

Abstract: A color image can be obtained from a color photographic element by multiple color development steps. The first color development is carried out in the usual manner after imagewise exposure. The second color development step is carried out after bleaching with a rehalogenating bleaching agent, and is used to develop only rehalogenated silver halide. This specific development is possible by either using a chloride rehalogenating agent in the bleaching solution, using a sulfite fixing agent before bleaching, or by fogging the element between bleaching and the second color development step.

Abstract: A method of color processing in which an imagewise exposed color photographic silver halide material is processed by a procedure which comprises treating it with a color developer solution and then with a developer/amplifier solution containing a color developing agent and hydrogen peroxide in which said solutions are replenished so that the overflow from the developer/amplifier solution is treated to remove hydrogen peroxide and used to form the sole replenisher for the color developer solution while the overflow from said color developer solution is disposed of as the net overflow of the two processing solutions.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material has on a support at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer which comprises silver halide emulsion grains having a chloride content: of at least 50 mol % and containing a metal selected from rhodium, ruthenium and rhenium in an amount of at least 10.sup.-8 mole per mole of silver, said silver halide emulsion being spectrally sensitized with a compound of general formula (I) and being chemically sensitized with a selenium or tellurium compound: ##STR1## wherein Z and Z.sub.1 each represents a group of nonmetallic atoms necessary to complete a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic nucleus; R and R.sub.1 each represents an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, or an unsubstituted aryl group; Q and Q.sub.1 each represents a group of atoms necessary to complete a 4-thiazolidinone, 5-thiazolidinone or 4-imidazolidinone nucleus; L, L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 each represents an unsubstituted or substituted methine group; n.sub.1 and n.sub.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide color photographic material comprising the steps of: (1) developing a silver halide color photographic material having an alkali consumption of 3.0 mmol/m.sup.2 or less, the silver halide color photographic material comprising (a) a support; (b) at least two layers on at least one side of the support, the at least two layers containing (i) silver halide emulsions being sensitive to different wavelength bands from one another, the silver halide emulsions containing at least 90 mol % silver chloride and (ii) oil soluble couplers that form dyes on coupling with oxidized primary amine color developing agent; and (2) washing the color photographic material for about 45 seconds where water from the washing step is treated with a reverse osmosis membrane and reused in the washing step.

Abstract: A method of processing a photographic element having a layer comprising a silver halide emulsion sensitized with a cyanine dye where the dye is present in the processing solution at a concentration sufficient to cause formation of solid dye particles. The method comprises contacting the element with at least one processing solution in the presence of an effective amount of a dye solubilizing compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## halogen, hydrogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, and sulfo,R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl, with the proviso that the dye solubilizing compound comprises at least four solubilizing groups as substituents on R.sub.5 's or R.sub.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing the magenta dye image in a photographic color element comprises the step of treating the element after the step of color developing and prior to the step of bleaching or bleach-fixing with an aqueous solution that has a pH in the range of 7 to 10 and contains an effective amount of an alkali metal formaldehyde bisulfite.

Abstract: Improved bleach-accelerating compositions that are especially useful in the reversal color processing of photographic elements are comprised of a bleach-accelerating agent and a dye-stabilizing agent. Formaldehyde precursors function as particularly effective dye-stabilizing agents in such compositions. The bleach-accelerating composition is utilized subsequent to the color developing step and prior to the bleaching step and serves to enhance the effectiveness of the bleaching step and to provide improved dye stability.

Abstract: A method for processing a black-and-white photosensitive material comprising the steps of:(a) exposing a silver halide photosensitive material having been spectrally sensitized with a sensitizing dye;(b) developing the exposed material;(c) fixing the developed material; and(d) thereafter at least one step selected from washing the material and stabilizing the material;at least one of the fixing, washing and stabilizing steps being performed in the presence of at least one compound represented by formula (I) or (II) or a salt thereof; ##STR1## wherein A represents an atomic group necessary for forming a saturated or unsaturated 3-membered to 8-membered ring comprising at least one hetero atom selected from an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and a selenium atom; and M represents a hydrogen atom or a counter cation; andX--(R.sub.1 --S).sub.n --R.sub.2 --S--R.sub.3 --Y (II)wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, each represents an alkylene group; R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Improved bleach-accelerating compositions that are especially useful in the reversal color processing of photographic elements are comprised of a bleach-accelerating agent and a dye-stabilizing agent. Formaldehyde precursors function as particularly effective dye-stabilizing agents in such compositions. The bleach-accelerating composition is utilized subsequent to the color developing step and prior to the bleaching step and serves to enhance the effectiveness of the bleaching step and to provide improved dye stability.

Abstract: A negative-type silver halide photographic material comprising a support and at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer on the support, wherein compounds represented by the general formulae (I) and (II) are incorporated in the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer or the hydrophilic colloid layer adjacent thereto. General Formula (I):R.sub.1 --NHNH--G--R.sub.2 (I)General Formula (II):Z.sub.0 --S--Z.sub.1 (II)wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic or aromatic group, R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, and G is a carbonyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfoxy group, a phosphoryl group, or an N-substituted or unsubstituted imino group, and Z.sub.0 is an alkyl group, an aromatic group, or a heteroaromatic group, said group Z.sub.

Abstract: A process for stabilizing the magenta dye image in a photographic color element comprises the steps of contacting the element with an aqueous stabilizing solution containing a water-soluble N-methylol compound and an alkaline buffering agent, subjecting the stabilized element to an aqueous wash to remove scum formed by the treatment with the stabilizing solution, and drying the element at an elevated temperature.

Abstract: An image-forming process is disclosed, which comprises exposing a silver halide color photographic material comprising a support having provided thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer containing tabular silver halide grains having a diameter-to-thickness ratio of 5 or more, subjecting the exposed photographic material to color development processing, then processing the photographic material in a bath mainly having a bleaching ability and successively in a bath having a bleach-fixing ability.

Abstract: Photographic film units and processes are disclosed which provide a negative image, wherein exposed silver is developed to high covering power silver and unexposed silver halide is reduced to low covering power silver.