Abstract: A developer composition for a water-developable photosensitive flexographic printing original plate is disclosed, containing (a) a nonionic surfactant composed of monoalkyl ether and/or monoalkyl ester of polyethylene glycol, wherein a number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group therein is 8 to 19, and wherein an HLB value thereof is 11 to 16; and (b) one or more anionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of oleic acid metal salt, lauric acid metal salt, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid metal salt and lauryl sulfate metal salt, wherein a content ratio of (a):(b) is 25:75 to 75:25 (mass ratio), and wherein a brushing friction coefficient on a surface of a printing original plate is 0.60 to 0.75[?], when measured in an aqueous developer containing 1% by mass of the developer composition and 99% by mass of water.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical liquid that causes a small variation in a dissolving amount of a first metal-containing substance in a case where the chemical liquid is applied to an object to be treated containing the first metal-containing substance. The present invention also provides a method for treating an object to be treated. The chemical liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention contains water, a hydroxylamine compound selected from the group consisting of hydroxylamine and a hydroxylamine salt, and a specific compound represented by Formula (1).

Abstract: Flexographic printing members are prepared by developing an exposed flexographic printing member precursor with an aqueous flexographic developer. The aqueous flexographic developer comprises: a) a fatty acid composition consisting of one or more saturated or unsaturated fatty acids or alkali metal salts thereof, each saturated or unsaturated fatty acid or alkali metal salt thereof independently having 12 to 20 carbon atoms, the fatty acid composition being present in an amount of 0.25-2.0 weight %, and at least 85 weight % of the fatty acid composition is composed of one or more C18 mono- or poly-unsaturated fatty acids or alkali metal salts thereof; b) an aminopolycarboxylic acid or alkali metal salt thereof in an amount of 0.05-0.30 weight %; c) a buffer compound in an amount of 05-0.60 weight %; and d) water. Such aqueous flexographic developers can also be provided in concentrated form and appropriately diluted before or during use.

Abstract: A method of forming a fine pattern, including: a phase separation step in which a layer containing a block copolymer having a plurality of blocks bonded is formed on a substrate, and then the layer is heated for phase separation of the layer; a decomposition step in which at least a portion of a phase of at least one block of the plurality of blocks constituting the block copolymer is decomposed; a selective removal step in which the layer is immersed in a developing solution to selectively remove a phase containing decomposed blocks to form a nano structure; and an etching step in which the substrate is subjected to etching by using the nano structure as a mask; and a main component of the developing solution is an organic solvent having an SP value of 7.5 to 11.5 (cal/cm3)1/2, and having vapor pressure of less than 2.1 kPa at 25° C., or is benzene that may be substituted by an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a halogen atom, and the developing solution further contains metal alkoxide.

Abstract: A pattern forming method comprising (i) a step of forming a film from a chemical amplification resist composition (ii) a step of exposing the film, and (iii) a step of developing the exposed film by using an organic solvent-containing developer, wherein the chemical amplification resist composition contains (A) a resin containing a repeating unit having two or more hydroxyl groups, (B) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (C) a crosslinking agent and (D) a solvent; a pattern formed by the pattern forming method; a chemical amplification resist composition used in the pattern forming method; and a resist film formed using the chemical amplification resist composition.

Abstract: A resist composition for negative development including a base component (A) which exhibits decreased solubility in an organic solvent under the action of acid and an acid generator component (B) which generates acid upon exposure; and the resist composition used in a method of forming a resist pattern which includes: forming a resist film on a substrate using the resist composition; conducting exposure of the resist film; and patterning the resist film by negative development using a developing solution containing the organic solvent to form a resist pattern, wherein the acid generator component (B) contains an acid generator (B1) that generates an acid having a log P value of 2.7 or less and also a pKa value of at least ?3.5.

Abstract: A developing method for immersion lithography is provided, realizing a process that is simple and low-cost and enables high repellency sufficient to allow high-speed scanning. The developing method for immersion lithography improved by inexpensive material without introducing any new facility, a solution to be used in the developing method, and an electronic device formed by using the developing method are provided. The developing method for immersion lithography is a method of developing for immersion lithography of an electronic device with a resist containing a surface segregation agent and chemically-amplified resist, including the step of development with alkali immersion, characterized by the dissolving and removing step, conducted using a dissolving and removing solution that selectively dissolves and removes the surface segregation agent of the resist.

Abstract: A method of forming patterns includes (a) coating a substrate with a resist composition for negative development to form a resist film, wherein the resist composition contains a resin capable of increasing the polarity by the action of the acid and becomes more soluble in a positive developer and less soluble in a negative developer upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (b) forming a protective film on the resist film with a protective film composition after forming the resist film and before exposing the resist film, (c) exposing the resist film via an immersion medium, and (d) performing development with a negative developer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a water-based developer where the dispersibility of an image mask layer in a developer is good in a developing step of a water-developable printing original plate of a CTP system. Also, the present invention also provides a water-based developer where the scum dispersibility in the developer is good even the developing is repeatedly conducted in large quantities using the same developer in a developing step of a water-developable printing original plate of a negative system. According to the present invention, there is provided a developer composition for a printing plate containing (a) alkali metal salt of saturated fatty acid having carbon number of 12 to 18 and (b) alkali metal salt of unsaturated fatty acid having carbon number of 12 to 18 in a weight ratio of from 20:80 to 80:20 in terms of (a):(b). The developer composition may further contain an alkali agent (c).

Abstract: A pattern forming method, including: (A) coating a substrate with a positive resist composition of which solubility in a positive developer increases and solubility in a negative developer decreases upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, so as to form a resist film; (B) exposing the resist film; and (D) developing the resist film with a negative developer; a positive resist composition for multiple development used in the method; a developer for use in the method; and a rinsing solution for negative development used in the method.

Abstract: A pattern forming method, including: (A) coating a substrate with a positive resist composition of which solubility in a positive developer increases and solubility in a negative developer decreases upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, so as to form a resist film; (B) exposing the resist film; and (D) developing the resist film with a negative developer; a positive resist composition for multiple development used in the method; a developer for use in the method; and a rinsing solution for negative development used in the method.

Abstract: According to an aspect of this disclosure, a vehicle surrounding confirmation apparatus includes a narrow-field-of-view image generating portion generating a narrow-field-of-view image, showing a portion of a vehicle surrounding, from a captured image of the vehicle surrounding obtained by an image capturing portion, an obstacle recognizing portion recognizing an obstacle existing at the vehicle surrounding, a determining portion determining whether or not the obstacle, recognized by the obstacle recognizing portion, is included within the narrow-field-of-view image, an obstacle image extracting portion extracting an area, in which an image of the obstacle is shown, from the captured image as an obstacle image, when the obstacle, recognized by the obstacle recognizing portion, is not determined to be included within the narrow-field-of-view image, and a display image generating portion generating a display image from the narrow-field-of-view image and the obstacle image, thereby outputting the generated displ

Abstract: A pattern forming method, including: (A) coating a substrate with a positive resist composition of which solubility in a positive developer increases and solubility in a negative developer decreases upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, so as to form a resist film; (B) exposing the resist film; and (D) developing the resist film with a negative developer; a positive resist composition for multiple development used in the method; a developer for use in the method; and a rinsing solution for negative development used in the method.

Abstract: A method for developing a photoresist includes applying a first developer to the photoresist to remove non-cross-linked areas of the photoresist, and applying a second developer to the photoresist to remove remaining non-cross-linked areas of the photoresist, wherein the first developer and the second developer differ in their compositions.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses a solid dose delivery vehicle for ballistic administration of a bioactive material to subcutaneous and intradermal tissue, the delivery vehicle being sized and shaped for penetrating the epidermis. The delivery vehicle further comprises a stabilizing polyol glass loaded with the bioactive material and capable of releasing the bioactive material in situ. The present invention further includes methods of making and using the solid dose delivery vehicle of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for developing an exposed high contrast photographic silver halide material, said photographic material comprising a support bearing at least one silver halide emulsion layer, containing at least one hydrazide nucleating agent. According to the invention, the nucleating agent has the formula (I) and the photographic material is developed in a hydroquinone-free developer, comprising a main developing agent of the ascorbic acid or ascorbic acid salt type, and as auxiliary developing agent a mixture of 3-pyrazolidones of which at least one has the formula (II): wherein at least one of the radicals R3 to R9 contains a solubilizing group. This combination enables photographic materials with ultrahigh contrast to be obtained.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polyolefin composition suitable for use as a coating for a photographic support includes an optical brightener and a polar additive. The polar additive substantially compatibilizes the polar optical brightener with the non-polar polyolefin. A method for adding a polar additive to a polyolefin is also disclosed.

Abstract: Low silver black-and-white photographic silver halide elements, such as radiographic films, can be processed quickly using black-and-white developing and fixing compositions having reduced photoprocessing activity. The entire process is fairly rapid and effective despite the lowered concentrations of photographic developing and fixing agents.

Abstract: Color photographic papers can be more rapidly color developed (up to 25 seconds) in the presence of a color developing solution containing a 3-pyrazolidone electron transfer agent. Despite the shortened processing time, color balance within the three color records of such color papers is maintained.

Abstract: A black-and-white aqueous alkaline photographic developer composition is described which is free of dihydroxybenzene developing agent and comprises a p-aminophenol primary developing agent and an auxiliary superadditive 3-pyrazolidone developing agent, wherein the p-aminophenol primary developing agent is represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 together represent the carbon atoms required to complete a 5-membered saturated ring, R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, n represents 0 or 1, and HX represents HCl or 1/2 H.sub.2 SO.sub.4.A process for forming a black-and-white photographic silver image comprising developing a silver halide photographic element with the black-and-white aqueous alkaline photographic developer composition is also described.

Abstract: A processing composition for silver halide photographic light-sensitive material, which comprises at least one compound represented by the following formula (A), (A-I) or (A-II) and at least one compound represented by the following formula (B): ##STR1## Also disclosed are a developer prepared from the processing composition, and a processing method using the developer.

Abstract: An image forming process of a silver halide photographic material comprising a glass support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer is disclosed, the process comprising exposing with laser beam spot with a diameter of 0.05 to 5 .mu.m and developing the exposed photographic material with a developer, wherein the silver halide emulsion layer contains silver halide grains having an average grain size of 0.08 to 0.2 .mu.m and a chloride content of at least 50 mol %; the developer containing a developing agent selected from hydroquinone and ascorbic acid, and a developing agent selected from p-methyl-aminophenol, 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone and 1-pheny-4-dimethyl-3-pyrazolidone; and the developed photographic material having a contrast of 4.8 to 12.

Abstract: A development processing method comprising developing a silver halide photographic material with a developing solution, (i) wherein the silver halide photographic material comprises a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and contains: (a) at least two kinds of light-sensitive silver halide emulsions which are each spectrally sensitized and have sensitivities different from each other with respect to a certain exposure wavelength; and (b) at least one hydrazine derivative in at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and other hydrophilic colloidal layers, and (ii) wherein the developing solution is substantially free from a dihydroxybenzene compound, has a pH of from 9.0 to 10.5 and contains: (1) at least one ascorbic acid developing agent and (2) at least one auxiliary developing agent represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and other hydrophilic colloid layers comprises fine polymer particles containing at least one hydrazine compound represented by the following general formula (NB):A--(B).sub.m (NB)wherein A represents a connecting group; m represents an integer of from 2 to 6; and B represents a group containing a hydrazine structure. The sliver halide photographic light-sensitive material exhibits an ultrahigh contrast, an excellent storage stability and an excellent processing stability and is prevented from the occurrence of processing unevenness. A method for processing the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming images on a silver halide light-sensitive material includes exposing a material which contains at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and at least one hydrophilic colloidal layer, either of which includes a latex polymer having active methylene groups, and developing the exposed material with a developer which contains a dihydroxybenzene developing agent and an auxiliary developing agent showing superadditivity, wherein the following requirements are satisfied: the pH increase observed when adding 0.1 mole/l developer of NaOH to the developer.ltoreq.0.25; 9.5.ltoreq.initial pH of the developer.ltoreq.11.0; and the amount of the developer supplemented.ltoreq.225 ml/m.sup.2.

Abstract: There is described a method of processing silver halide photographic material in a processing machine using a developing solution which comprises either a hydroquinone type developing agent or a reductone type developing agent, together with an electron transfer agent as an auxiliary developing agent, and with at least one basic compound the anion of which is carbonate, sulphite or hydroxide, where in the presence of a compound of formula (I), Ar is an aromatic ring or heterocyclic aromatic ring which is optionally substituted.

Abstract: A method for processing an exposed black and white silver halide photographic light-sensitive material includes the steps of: (1) developing the exposed light-sensitive material with a developing solution, (2) fixing the developed material with a fixing solution, (3) washing the fixed material with water which is replenished in an amount of from 0 to 3 liter/m.sup.2 of the exposed light-sensitive material, and (4) drying the washed material. The developing solution is replenished with a solid photographic composition. This solid photographic composition includes a developing agent selected from the group of a dihydroxybenzene developing agent represented by Formula I and a developing agent represented by Formula II (provided that the developing agent represented by Formula II may form a sodium salt, a potassium salt or a lithium salt). Formulae I and II are as follows: ##STR1## In the formulae, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making an offset printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of:image-wise exposing an imaging element comprising in the order given on a hydrophilic surface of a support (i) an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei and (ii) a photosensitive layer comprising one or more photosensitive silver halide emulsions said photosensitive layer being in water permeable relationship with said image receiving layer,applying an aqueous alkaline solution to the imaging element comprising at least 0.05 mole/l of ascorbic acid as the main developer, at least 0.010 mole/l of an auxiliary developer of the class of the 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidones and an aminoalcohol in an amount from 0.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide element, such as a radiographic film, can be developed using a black-and-white developing solution containing an ascorbic acid developing agent. This solution is replenished with a replenisher solution of basically the same components but the amounts may be greater. Moreover, the replenisher solution pH is from 0.1 and up to 0.3 pH units higher than that of the developing solution. Both developing and replenisher solutions are free of hydroquinone. Replenishment can be carried out at relatively low rates with less impact on the environment without sacrificing sensitometric performance.

Abstract: The present invention provides an imaging element comprising on a support in the order given a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei in water permeable relationship with said emulsion layer, characterized in that said imaging element comprises at least 50 mg/m.sup.2 of tetramethyl reductic acid and at least 100 mg/m.sup.2 of ascorbic acid.According to the present invention there is further provided a method for making a lithographic printing plate comprising the steps of image-wise exposing an imaging element as defined above and subsequently developing a thus obtained imaging element by an alkaline processing liquid in the presence of developing agent(s) and silver halide solvent(s).

Abstract: An image formation method by silver salt diffusion transfer is described, which comprises subjecting a photosensitive element containing at least one photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer to image exposure, then developing the photosensitive element by use of an alkali processing composition containing a solvent for a silver halide to turn at least a part of unexposed silver halide of the photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer into a transferable silver complex salt, transferring at least a part of the transferable complex salt to a silver precipitating nucleus-containing image receiving layer to form an image on the silver precipitating nucleus-containing image receiving layer, and separating the silver precipitating nucleus-containing image receiving layer from the photosensitive element after image formation to obtain the image, wherein the image is formed in the presence of at least one compound represented by the following formula (I) and at least one compound represented by the following form

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a lithographic printing plate according to the silver salt diffusion transfer process comprising the steps of:image-wise exposing an imaging element comprising on a support in the order given a photosensitive layer comprising a silver halide emulsion and an image receiving layer containing physical development nuclei in water permeable relationship with said emulsion layer,developing said imaging element by means of an alkaline developing solution comprising at least 0.1 mole/l of ascorbic acid as the main developer and at least 0.015 mole/l of an auxiliary developer of the class of the 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidones in the presence of silver halide solvent(s) characterized in that said developing solution comprises at least 0.003 mole/l of thiosulfate.

Abstract: A photographic developing solution and a method of developing silver halide materials in the said developing solution is disclosed, the said developing solution comprising hydroquinone in an amount from 0 to 30 g per litre, an auxiliary developer, and silver halide complexing agents in an amount from 0 to 50 g per litre, characterized in that said developer further comprisesin amounts from 0.1 to 5 g per litre a compound corresponding to the formula (I), accompanied by charge compensating anions,Z'N.sup.+ --R--N.sup.+ Z" (I)wherein at least divalent group R contains at least one oxyethylene group and wherein Z' and Z", being the same or different, are composed of enough atoms to form a heterocyclic aromatic 5- or 6-ring;andat least 1 g of a compound corresponding to the formula (II), a precursor thereof, a derivative thereof and/or a metal salt thereof ##STR1## wherein each of A, B and D independently represents an oxygen atom or NR.sup.1 ;X represents an oxygen atom, a sulphur atom, NR.sup.2 ; CR.sup.3 R.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for forming a high contrast photographic image including the steps of imagaewise exposing a silver halide photographic element containing a hydrazine compound which functions as a nucleating agent, wherein the element is free of incorporated amine boosters. The exposed element is developed with a chemically stable aqueous alkaline developing solution that is free of dihydroxybenzene developing agents and has a pH between 9.5 and 11. The developing solution comprises an ascorbic acid developing agent; an auxiliary developing agent; and a combination of an alkali metal carbonate and an alkali metal borate comprising between 0.125 and 0.5 molar concentration of the carbonate and between 0.04 and 0.35 molar concentration of the borate.

Abstract: A method of processing a silver halide photographic material with a developer containing a compound represented by formula (A), wherein the developer further contains at least one compound represented by formula (B) or (C): ##STR1##

Abstract: A process for forming a black-and-white high contrast negative photographic silver image by development of a silver halide photographic element with an aqueous alkaline photographic developer composition comprising a dihydroxybenzene developing agent, an auxiliary superadditive developing agent, an antifogging agent, an antioxidant compound, a combination of buffering agents and a sequestering agent, characterized by the fact that: a) the auxiliary developing agent is an aminophenol compound, b) the combination of buffering agents comprises at least a first buffering agent represented by carbonate compounds and at least a second buffering agent represented by phosphate compounds, the total amount of said first buffering agent and said second buffering agent being at least 35 grams per liter, band c) the pH of said aqueous alkaline photographic developer composition is in the range 9.0 to 11.0.

Abstract: A processing method is disclosed, comprising development-processing a photographic material comprising a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer or a constituent layer adjacent to the emulsion layer which contains (i) a silver halide composition comprising at least one of silver bromochloride, silver chloroiodide, or silver bromochloroiodide each having a silver chloride content of 90 mole % or more, or silver chloride, and (ii) a compound represented by the following Formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an ammonium group or an alkali metal atom; and R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group, with a developing solution containing (1) a dihydroxybenzene compound, and (2) an ascorbic acid or a derivative thereof in an amount of at least 5 mole % based on the amount of the dihydroxybenzene compound.

Abstract: A method of processing an exposed originating silver halide color photographic element comprising developing the photographic element in a color devoloper containing a p-phenylenediamine color developing agent in the presence of a 1-phenyl pyrazolidin-3-one compoundwherein the originating silver halide photographic element comprises a radiation sensitive emulsion in reactive association with a development inhibitor releasing compound and containing a silver halide grain population comprised of grains comprising at least 50 mole percent silver chloride, based on total silver forming the grain population projected area, wherein at least 50 percent of total grain projected area is accounted for by intrinsically stable silver halide tabular grains(1) bounded by {100} major faces having adjacent edge ratios of less than 10 and(2) each having an average aspect ratio of at least 2, and wherein the silver halide content of the photographic element comprises at least 50 mole % silver chloride and no more than 2 mole %

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alkaline aqueous black-and-white photographic developer composition comprising:(1) at least one black-and-white developing agent,(2) at least one black-and-white auxiliary developing agent,(3) at least one antifoggant,(4) at least one sequestering agent,(5) a sulfite antioxidant,(6) at least one buffering agent,(7) a tone agent, and(8) at least one tone promoting agent,wherein said tone agent is a primary organic amine compound and said tone promoting agent is a silver halide solvent.

Abstract: A process of forming a super high-contrast negative image is disclosed, which comprises the steps of imagewise exposing a negative-working silver halide photographic material comprising a support having thereon one or more hydrophilic colloidal layers, at least one of the one or more hydrophilic colloidal layers being a negative-working silver halide emulsion layer, and then developing the photographic material with a developer containing an aminophenol derivative developing agent and a reductone compound in the existence of an organic compound having a negative reduction potential. A negative-working silver halide photographic material and a photographic developer being used for the image-forming process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for forming a color image of a color negative photographic material which comprises subjecting a color negative photographic material to a color development processing, said color negative photographic material comprising a support having provided thereon at least one red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, at least one green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and at least one blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, having a specific photographic sensitivity of 100 or more and having each of the gradients .gamma..sub.AR, .gamma..sub.AG and .gamma..sub.AB of 0.5 to 0.9 after standard color development processing within the range of from 3 minutes to 4 minutes of the color development time, said gradients .gamma..sub.AR, .gamma..sub.AG and .gamma..sub.AB each being a gradient of the red-sensitive, green-sensitive and blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layers, respectively, obtained after conducting the standard color development processing, wherein each of the gradients .gamma..sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver halide photographic material comprising a support having thereon a silver halide emulsion layer containing at least one nucleating agent represented by general formula (N-1) shown below. The silver halide photographic material contains at least one compound represented by general formula (Q-2) shown below in the above described silver halide emulsion layer and/or in a hydrophilic colloid layer adjacent thereto which does not contain a silver halide emulsion: ##STR1## The variable terms in the above formulas are defined in the specification. The silver halide photographic material is suitable for plate making and provides a high contrast image even when using a highly stable developing solution.

Abstract: A method for processing a silver halide photographic material is disclosed and the photographic material has a support thereon, comprising at least one silver halide emulsion layer and containing a hydrazine compound represented by following formula (I) in the above emulsion layer or the other hydrophilic colloid layers, which comprises processing the silver halide photographic material after exposure in a developing solution containing:(1) 0.2 to 0.75 mole/liter of a dihydroxybenzene developing agent,(2) 0.001 to 0.06 mole/liter of a 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone or p-aminophenol auxiliary developing agent,(3) 0.3 to 1.2 mole/liter of a free sulfite ion, and(4) a compound represented by following formula (II), and having a concentration ratio of a compound represented by formula (II) to a dihydroxy developing agent of 0.03 to 0.12 and pH of 9.0 to 11.

Abstract: The preparation of x-ray materials, especially suitable for non-destructive testing applications, is described. The emulsion layers of said material are comprising silver halide emulsion grains containing at least 75 mole % of silver chloride and less than 25 mole % of silver bromide and are characterized by a ratio between the amount of gelatin and the amount of silver halide, being expressed as the equivalent amount of silver nitrate, of less than 0.6. Hardening of said material is performed in such a way that the amount of demineralized water of 25.degree. C. absorbed in 3 minutes is less than 2.5 g per gram of gelatin present in said material. A rapid processing system is available with a total processing time of less than 3 minutes with a developer and fixer being substantially free from hardening agents and the fixer being substantially free from ammonium ions.

Abstract: A process of forming a super high-contrast negative image is disclosed, which comprises the steps of imagewise exposing a negative-working silver halide photographic material comprising a support having thereon one or more hydrophilic colloidal layers, at least one of the one or more hydrophilic colloidal layers being a negative-working silver halide emulsion layer, and then developing the photographic material with a developer containing an aminophenol derivative developing agent and a reductone compound in the existence of an organic compound having a negative reduction potential. A negative-working silver halide photographic material and a photographic developer being used for the image-forming process are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a developer for silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials which provides super-high contrast and is improved in stability with time. This developer contains at least (1) a developing agent, (2) 10 g/l or more of a hydroquinonemonosulfonate, (3) 0.3 mol/l or more of a sulfite and (4) an amino compound in an amount necessary to accelerate enhancement of contrast and has a pH of 10.5-12.3.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed. The photographic material comprises a support having coated thereon one or more hydrophilic colloidal layers, at least one of the hydrophilic colloidal layers being a negative working silver halide emulsion layer, wherein said silver halide emulsion layer or another hydrophilic colloidal layer contains a water-soluble polymer or copolymer having a quaternary ammonium salt in a repeating unit. The process for forming a high contrast negative image using the photographic material is also disclosed.

Abstract: A non-hydroquinone and non-alkali metal hydroxide containing developer composition for radiographic materials and a method of use thereof are provided. The developer composition comprises a developer selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid and sugar-type derivatives thereof, stereoisomers and diastereoisomers of ascorbic acid and its sugar-type derivatives, their salts and mixtures thereof, together with a sulfite, a 3-pyrazolidone compound, and an anti-swelling agent selected from the group consisting of sodium sulfate, glutaraldehyde or mixtures thereof, said composition having a pH of from 9.5 to 10.6, and said developer being present in an amount of at least about 15 grams, said sulfite being present in an amount of from 2 to 50 grams, said swelling control agent being present in an amount of from 35 to 90 grams, and water to 1.0 liter.

Abstract: A method for the production of a silver image with improved contrast by the development of an image-wise exposed photographic silver halide emulsion layer material with a developer liquid containing a hydroquinone in the presence of an auxiliary developing agent, wherein said developer liquid is applied to said photographic material containing silver halide grains that have been chemically sensitized with organic thiosulphonic acid anions in combination with a gold sensitizer in the absence of thiosulphate ions.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is processed with a developing solution containing at least one kind of developing agent represented by the following general formula (A): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the same or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent group, with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not methyl groups at the same time nor a combination of a hydrogen atom and a methyl group, thereby providing a novel method for forming an image by use of the developing solution not using a dihydroxybenzene compound as the developing agent, and more particularly a superhigh contrast negative image by use of the photographic material containing a hydrazine compound.