Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, a charger, a developing member, a motor, a drive controller, and an application controller. The image carrier is rotatably provided. The charger charges the image carrier to a predetermined first polarity by receiving application of a voltage of the first polarity. The developing member develops an electrostatic latent image formed on the image carrier using the toner charged to the first polarity. The motor rotates the image carrier. The drive controller executes stop control for stopping driving of the motor. The application controller stops voltage application to the charger based on a current flowing through the motor after execution of the stop control.

Abstract: A method for forming an electrophotographic image is provided which exhibits high toner transfer efficiency without image defects caused by scratches on a photoreceptor and image blurring under high-humidity conditions. The method for forming an electrophotographic image uses an organic photoreceptor and includes a charging step, exposing step, developing step, transferring step and cleaning step. The organic photoreceptor has a photosensitive layer and a protective layer on an electrically conductive support. The protective layer contains a resin prepared by polymerization of a polymerizable compound, a particulate metal oxide, and a compound represented by a formula (1). The developing step uses a toner containing a silica particle having a number-average primary particle diameter of 70 to 150 nm. The formula (1) is: where R1, R2, R3, and R4 may be same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide materials and methods for a pen that can include a writing end for writing an image on an erasable medium and an erasing end for locally erasing an image from the erasable medium.

Abstract: An image forming medium includes a substrate; an imaging layer including an imaging material coated on said substrate, wherein the imaging material exhibits a reversible transition between a colorless state and a colored state; and a protective layer over the imaging layer, the protection layer including dipolar molecules that can be reversibly switch between a UV light transmission state and a UV light absorption state, wherein the dipolar molecules in their random orientation absorb in substantially the same spectral region as the imaging material in its un-imaged state, and wherein the imaging layer is imageable by ultraviolet light when the dipolar molecules are in the UV light transmission state, but the imaging layer is substantially not imageable by ultraviolet light when the dipolar molecules are in the UV light absorption state.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) edge connection structure formed by a first PCB having one or more electronic components and printed circuitry provided thereon and a second PCB, having one or more edge contact pads provided thereon, attached to the first PCB and covering an area on the first PCB into which a portion of the printed circuitry extends. The resulting structure maximizes the utilization of the surface area on the first PCB for printed circuitry, thus, reducing the overall size of the end product.

Abstract: An image forming medium includes a substrate; an imaging layer including an imaging material coated on said substrate, wherein the imaging material exhibits a reversible transition between a colorless state and a colored state; and a protective layer over the imaging layer, the protection layer including dipolar molecules that can be reversibly switch between a UV light transmission state and a UV light absorption state, wherein the dipolar molecules in their random orientation absorb in substantially the same spectral region as the imaging material in its un-imaged state, and wherein the imaging layer is imageable by ultraviolet light when the dipolar molecules are in the UV light transmission state, but the imaging layer is substantially not imageable by ultraviolet light when the dipolar molecules are in the UV light absorption state.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel organophotoreceptor that includes: (a) a charge transport composition comprising molecules having the formula where n is an average of a distribution of integers generally between 2 and 50,000, and in which n is at least 2; R1, R2, R3, and R4 comprise, each independently, H, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group; X comprises an (N,N-disubstituted)arylamine group; and Y is a bridging group; (b) a charge generating compound; and (c) an electrically conductive substrate over which the charge transport composition and the charge generating compound are located.

Abstract: An objective is to provide a highly durable carrier for a developer which is capable of forming a high-definition image stably with no deterioration of a developing property since the carrier resistance and the charging ability remain stable even though the developer is used for a long duration; a method of manufacturing the carrier; and an image forming method employing the same. Disclosed is an electrophotographic carrier comprising a carrier core material and provided thereon, a resin-coated layer comprising charge control particles and low-resistive particles, wherein an initial carrier resistance is 5×108-3×1010 ?cm; a concentration of the low-resistive particles grows higher toward a surface of the layer from an inner part of the layer; and a concentration of the charge control particles grows lower toward a surface of the layer from an inner part of the layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aromatic compound expressed by the general formula (I), wherein A represents of a fused aromatic hydrocarbon moiety such as triphenylene, X represents a hydrogen-bonding site such as an atomic group containing an amide linkage, Y represents a chain functional group such as an alkyl group having 3 to 18, preferably 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer ranging from 2 to 10. The aromatic compound forms a molecular assembly in which the aromatic rings mutually overlap and exhibits an excellent charge carrier transfer property AX—Y)n.

Abstract: An a.c. driving system photo-writing type recording medium having a substrate formed an electrode layer on one side thereof, a transparent substrate formed a transparent electrode layer on one side thereof, an optical switching layer having a pair of charge generation layers each including a charge generation material; and a charge transport layer including a charge transport material, disposed between the pair of charge generation layers, and a display element layer, in which the electrode layer of the substrate and the transparent electrode layer of the transparent substrate are opposed to each other, and the following equation (1) is satisfied |Ipcgl?Ipctl|?0.5 eV??(1) where Ipcgl is an ionization potential of the charge generation material and Ipctl is an ionization potential of the charge transport material.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has at least a photoconductor, a charger, and an irradiator for irradiating a light for optically writing in on the photoconductor to form a latent electrostatic image using a process for electrophotography in which a resolution of the optical writing in operation is 1200 dpi or more. Further, the optical writing operation is performed using a laser beam having a diameter of 35 &mgr;m or less. The photoconductor is provided with at least a charge generating layer containing a charge generating substance and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transporting substance. The charge transporting layer has a carrier mobility of 1×10−5 cm2·V−1·sec−1 or more under an electric field of 3×105 V·cm−1.

Abstract: In a solid state radiation detector, an electrode layer, to which an electromagnetic wave for retrieval is irradiated, is formed by alternately arranging a first stripe electrode for transmitting the electromagnetic wave for retrieval and a second stripe electrode for shielding the same. Upon recording a radiation image, discharge breakdown of the first and the second stripe electrodes owing to application of a direct-current voltage is avoided.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are presented for electrophotographic copying of original information. One cycle of the copying method consists of the following. An electrostatic image of the copying information is recorded onto a recording photoreceptor, and the recording photoreceptor is used to form a latent electrostatic image on an intermediate information carrier. The latent electrostatic image is developed on the intermediate information carrier, and the developed image is transferred onto a final information carrier. The intermediate information carrier is a photoreceptor of a kind capable of, when being charged, storing the charge during a period of time required for producing a desired number of copies.

Abstract: A method of electrostatic recording on a cylindrical photoreceptor with a dielectric coating of a photosemiconductor layer is presented. The method includes such main operational steps as charging, exposure and illumination of the photoreceptor, wherein the exposure is carried out by means of optical image scanning along a helix line. This method provides for use of the electrophotography for production of PCBs and printing matrices.

Abstract: The present invention overcomes many of the disadvantages of prior lithographic microfabrication processes while providing further improvements that can significantly enhance the ability to make more complicated semiconductor chips at lower cost. A new type of programmable structure for exposing a wafer allows the lithographic pattern to be changed under electronic control. This provides great flexibility, increasing the throughput and decreasing the cost of chip manufacture and providing numerous other advantages. The programmable structure consists of an array of shutters that can be programmed to either transmit light to the wafer (referred to as its “open” state) or not transmit light to the wafer (referred to as its “closed” state). The programmable structure can comprise or include an array of selective amplifiers.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic printing process as well as an electrophotographic printer for printing a substrate, a photo-sensitive layered system is brought to a homogeneous initial state by impressing an electrical field having a first direction. The photoconductive layer is exposed with predetermined image structures according to the image. The entire photoconductive layer is exposed uniformly through the cover layer and/or the electrode layer. Charged toner particles are applied to the cover layer in a development step. The toner image is then transferred to the substrate. If more than one copy is required, the development step and the transfer step are carried out a number of times, the electrical charge image present inside the layered system being retained. The substrate is conveyed at a very high speed by a conveyor device in this operational state.

Abstract: A developing agent comprises an insulative toner and a conductive carrier, and the tensile rupture stress of the insulative toner powder layer is 0.1-1 g wt/cm.sup.2. The insulative toner used is insulative magnetic toner to which hydrophobically treated inorganic particles and conductive particles have been externally added.

Abstract: A toner used meets the requirement that the value determined by the equation 6/(d.sub.t .multidot..rho..sub.t .multidot.S), wherein d.sub.t is the volume average particle diameter of the toner, .rho..sub.t is the density of the toner, and Fs is the specific surface area of the toner, is in the range of 0.75 to 0.90, and the amount of electrification as measured by a magnet blow-off method is in the range of 10 to 40 .mu.C/g in terms of absolute value. A carrier used meets the requirement that the magnetic susceptibility is not less than 90 emu/g (at 1 kOe), the specific surface area is not less than 1000 cm.sup.2 /g to 1800 cm.sup.2 /g, the electric resistivity is 10.sup.6 to 10.sup.12 .OMEGA.cm, and the average particle diameter is 20 to 100 .mu.m.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic process including an image forming process comprising a charging step of bringing a conductive charging member into contact with a surface of a photoreceptor and applying a superimposed voltage of a direct current voltage and an alternating current voltage to said conductive charging member to directly charge the surface of the photoreceptor, an image exposing step, and a developing step, the application of the voltage to said conductive charging member is stopped for every cycle of the image forming process, whereby the wear of the photoreceptive layer can be reduced and the life of the photoreceptor can be extremely improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrostatic information-recording medium including an electrode layer (13) and a charge-retaining layer, in which said charge-retaining layer is formed of a laminate of a resin layer (11a) having a low glass transition temperature with a heat-resistant, insulating layer (11b), or an electrostatic information-recording medium comprising at least an electrode layer (13) and a charge-retaining layer (11) in which said charge-retaining layer (11) is formed of a polymer layer (12) containing pentafluorostyrene as a monomer component and having a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000 to 2,000,000, or which includes a photoconductive layer (44) and a charge-retaining layer (43) between a pair of electrodes (42) and (45) and is designed to carry out exposure with the application of voltage between both said electrodes (42) and (45) or apply voltage between both said electrodes (42) and (45) while exposure is carried out, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image, which is t

Abstract: An electrophotographic process in which image information exposure step and a developing step are substantially simultaneously carried out to opposite sides of a photosensitive member includes preparing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a conductive base layer transmitting light and a photosensitive layer thereon; exposing the conductive base side of the photosensitive member to light information; rubbing an opposite side of the photosensitive member with a developer supplied with a developing bias voltage of the same polarity as the polarity of the developer in a region including an upstream side end a downstream side of an image exposure region of the photosensitive member; wherein an absolute value of a sum of a triboelectric charge potential provided on a surface of the photosensitive member by rubbing between the developer and the photosensitive member, and a surface potential of the photosensitive member provided by application of the developing bias upstream of the image exposure regi

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrostatic information-recording medium including an electrode layer (13) and a charge-retaining layer, in which said charge-retaining layer is formed of a laminate of a resin layer (11a) having a low glass transition temperature with a heat-resistant, insulating layer (11b), or an electrostatic information-recording medium comprising at least an electrode layer (13) and a charge-retaining layer (11) in which said charge-retaining layer (11) is formed of a polymer layer (12) containing pentafluorostyrene as a monomer component and having a weight-average molecular weight of 10,000 to 2,000,000, or which includes a photoconductive layer (44) and a charge-retaining layer (43) between a pair of electrodes (42) and (45) and is designed to carry out exposure with the application of voltage between both said electrodes (42) and (45) or apply voltage between both said electrodes (42) and (45) while exposure is carried out, thereby forming an electrostatic latent image, which is t

Abstract: An electrostatic information recording medium according to this invention includes an inorganic oxide layer 3 and a photoconductive layer comprising a charge-generating layer 4 and a charge-transport layer 5 laminated onto an electrode 2 in this sequence, as illustrated in FIG. 1. To record information, the information is exposed to light while voltage is being applied between the electrode 3 and another opposite electrode, or alternatively voltage is applied therebetween while the information is being exposed to light.After information recording, the electrostatic information recording medium is uniformly electrified on its surface as by corona charging, whereby the information can be easily reproduced in the form of electrostatic information. This recording medium, if tone-developed, can be used as an original plate for electrostatic printing.

Abstract: A direct contact type charging component for use in electrophotographic process containing a protective surface layer which comprises a polyether-ester-amide block copolymer. The copolymer is environmentally stably having a volume resistivity between 10.sup.6 Ohm-cm and 10.sup.12 Ohm-cm and a Shore hardness between Shore D 5 and Shore D 90. During the electrophotographic process, a voltage is applied externally to the charging component to cause a charged component, which typically comprises a photo-conductive drum, to become electrostatically charged. In the preferred embodiment, the voltage consists of a direct voltage of .+-.200 to .+-.2,000 V overlapped with an alternating voltage having a peak-to-peak voltage of 4,000 V.

Abstract: There is provided a photosensitive medium for recording a charge latent image, composed of a photo-conductive layer having an electrode and a protective layer at each surface thereof. There is further provided a charge latent image recording method. A photo-conductive layer and a charge holding layer, each having an electrode at a surface thereof, are arranged to face each other through a gap. A predetermined voltage is applied across the photo-conductive layer and the charge holding layer through the electrodes to cause discharge thereacross. At the time, an electro-magnetic wave corresponding to the charge latent image intended to be recorded is emitted to the photo-conductive layer. The impedance of the photo-conductive layer is thus varied to record the charge latent image on the charge holding layer.

Abstract: A non-electroscopic prolonged tack toner for transferring toned images to an image receptor at low temperatures with improved back transfer characteristics.

Abstract: In a system for measuring a surface potential of a sample, a probe is located above. A surface of the sample with a small gap and is vibrated by a piezoelectronic element which is energized by a oscillator. A potential of the distal end of the probe is changed and is converted into an electrical signal. The surface potential is obtained from the electrical signal.

Abstract: In forming an image by the simultaneous light exposure-transfer process using a photosensitive toner, a light-exposed electricity-removed toner is effectively scraped without bad influences on the image density, and the fog density is drastically reduced.In subjecting a photosensitive toner layer to imagewise light exposure to form a combination of an electricity-removed toner and a charged toner and removing the electricity-removed toner from an electroconductive substrate by contact with a magnetic brush, the flux density distribution of a main developing pole in a developing sleeve is set so that a two-peak flux density distribution having two peaks separated on the upstream side and downstream side with the vicinity of the nip position between the developing sleeve and electroconductive substrate being as the center is produced in the tangential direction and the value of the peak on the downstream side is smaller than the value of the peak on the upstream side.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for ascertaining electrical discharge properties of an electrophotographic imaging member including the steps of (a) providing at least one electrophotographic imaging member comprising an electrically conductive layer and at least one photoconductive layer, (b) contacting the surface of the electrophotographic imaging member with a substantially transparent electrode and applying an electric potential or an electric current to form an electric field across the photoconductive layer, (c) terminating the applying of the electric potential or the electric current, (d) exposing the photoconductive layer to activating radiation to discharge the electrophotographic imaging member, (e) repeating steps (b), (c) and (d), and (f) measuring the potential across the photoconductive layer during steps (b), (c) and (d) as a function of time by means of an electrostatic meter coupled to the electrode.

Abstract: A photoconductor element is provided that has non-blurring latent image keeping memory which is suitable for multiple electrophotographic copying from a single imaging step. The element preferably incorporates a charge generation layer which comprises a phthalocyanine dye or pigment. The copying method involves simultaneous application of corona charge and an image exposure to the element followed by uniform irradiation of the element. Thereafter a plurality of copies can be made by the step sequence of toner deposition, toner transfer, and toner heat fusion to a receiver.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming member for forming color images including an organic photosensitive layer sandwiched between a dielectric layer and a conductive layer. The photoconductive layer includes a first charge generation layer adjacent to the conductive layer, a charge transfer layer on the first charge generation layer and a second charge generation layer on the charge transfer layer. During exposure, resistance of the photosensitive layer is reduced so that charges can flow through the photosensitive layer to create oppositely charged portions of the image forming member corresponding to a desired image of each color. Appropriately charged color toner adheres to the surface of the image forming member in the form of the desired image. After each color toner image is formed, the completed color image is transferred to a transfer medium.

Abstract: A coupler having as a coupling-off group an alkyl group substituted with an electron source capable of stabilizing carbonium ion.

Abstract: Disclosed in an image-forming process which comprises arranging two electrode surfaces, at least one having a curvature face and at least the other being transparent, to confront each other, forming a layer of a photosensitive toner on one of the electrode surfaces, applying a bias voltage so that the polarity of the toner layer-supporting electrode surface is the same as the polarity of charges on the toner and the polarity of the confronting electrode surface is reverse to the polarity of charges on the toner, irradiating the toner layer with light at a part where both the electrode surfaces are contacted with each other through the photosensitive toner layer, and transferring the unexposed toner toward the confronting electrode surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic recording medium comprising an electroconductive support and as formed thereon a dielectric layer containing an insulating resin and a pigment, said dielectric layer carrying a surface static charge of a polarity opposite to that of a charge to be applied for image formation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of improving the sharpness of multiple copies made from a single imagewise exposure using an electrostatographic film buffer element having an insulating layer in between a conductive layer and a photoconductive layer, where the element is simultaneously charged and imagewise exposed and then uniformly exposed with light to bury the charges. The improvement consists of performing the uniform exposure with light that is absorbed by the photoconductive layer and does not penetrate through the photoconductive layer to the insulating layer.

Abstract: A method for forming a color image comprising the following steps is disclosed,(a) uniformly applying a primary charge to a photoreceptor comprised thereon of a conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer and an electrically insulating layer, wherein one of said layers is provided with plural kinds of color separating means being finely divided into units,(b) exposing said photoreceptor to light given from a color original and simultaneously applying secondary charge,(c) uniformly exposing said photoreceptor to a color light capable of passing through at least one kind of said color separating means to form an electrically charged image pattern,(d) developing said electrically charged pattern with a developer comprising a color toner by a developing means to form a toner pattern,(e) repeating said steps (c) and (d) at least once more,(f) transferring said toner pattern onto an image pattern receiving material, provided that the color light and the color toner each different from these in the every previous

Abstract: A method of producing an electrostatic charge image comprising the sequential steps of: (1) bringing an electrode into proximity with a photoreceptor, the photoreceptor having a dielectric substrate and a photoconductive film intimately bonded to the substrate, the electrode having means to enable an electric field to be applied across the photoreceptor and being adapted to be brought into proximity with the substrate of the photoreceptor along a length of the electrode and charging the photoreceptor with an electrostatic charge of one polarity and projecting an image of a photograph on the receptor, (2) charging the photoreceptor with an electrostatic charge of opposite polarity, and (3) projecting a photographic image of the subject again on the photoreceptor whereby an electrostatic charge image is formed on the photoconductor surface. The invention also resides in apparatus to carry out the method.

Abstract: An image forming method of repeating a whole-surface exposure of a specified light and a development for a photosensitive member having a color separating function. The quantity of light of the whole-surface exposure L is expressed by the following formula for a light quantity L.sub.0 indicating that the potential generated by the whole-surface exposure is saturated:0.7L.sub.0 .ltoreq.L.ltoreq.5L.sub.0.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of forming an image, characterized by applying voltage on a photosensitive material having a photoconductive layer and an electroconductive layer on a substrate in such a manner as to make said electroconductive layer positive and said photoconductive layer negative while irradiating optical information on said positive electroconductive layer or said negative photoconductive layer, thereby causing an anodic ion reaction on the interface between said electroconductive layer and said photoconductive layer to selectively change the spectral absorption properties of at least one of said electroconductive layer and said photoconductive layer depending on the irradiated optical information; said photosensitive material comprising an electroconductive layer of metal as a simple substance, its alloy or its metal compound applied on a substrate and a photoconductive layer overlaid on said electroconductive layer.

Abstract: A multi-color imaging method wherein a photo-receptor having a photoconductive layer on a conductive member and having on the photoconductive layer an insulating layer comprising a different-color fine-filter distributed layer. The surface of the photo-receptor is image exposed while being changed, then given a flood exposure of specific light to the surface to form a potential pattern on the portion of specific filters and a step to develop the potential pattern is repeated at least twice depending on the type of filter, and a changing process that uniformalizes the potential on the surface is given before the second flood exposure and therewith every time.

Abstract: A process for providing a direct optical readout of a pattern or collection of data in a plurality of distincitive colors on a dielectric film capable of receiving information by exposure to an electron beam imaging source, which process comprises subjecting said film to a series of separate exposures from an electron beam source, each exposure representing a portion of the overall pattern or collecton of data to be transmitted; treating said film after each exposure intended to distinguish a portion of the overall information with a toner of a distinctive color which combination of colors may be selected for maximum definition and contrast; and separately drying each of said toners on said film before re-exposing said film to said electron beam source for receipt of an additional portion of the pattern or information to be transmitted.

Abstract: An electrophotographic device is provided with a photosensitive drum having a plurality of photosensitive layers which are different from one another in spectral sensitivity. First and second uniform exposure devices are adjacent to each other about the photosensitive drum. Each of the first and second uniform exposure devices includes a plurality of single color light sources. The light sources of the first exposure device have a different color than the light sources of the second exposure device. The colors correspond to the spectral sensitivity of each of the photosensitive layers, and are used as the uniform exposure light source for the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to a method of forming composite images. A photosensitive member including an electroconductive base, a photoconductive layer and an insulation layer in a superposed arrangement is used and to this photosensitive member, a negative image is exposed while simultaneously charging, irradiating with light, charging by an a.c. corona charging means and then exposing a positive image to form a composite electrostatic latent image. If the positive image overlaps with the negative image, the positive image is formed in preference.

Abstract: A method of removing electrostatic charge for erasing an electrostatic latent image from an electrophotographic photosensitive device having a conductive layer overlain by a photoconductive layer which in turn is overlain by a transparent insulating layer. The method comprises a first step of uniformly charging the photosensitive device by a D.C. charger while subjecting the photosensitive device to an exposure over the whole area thereof; a second step of effecting a charging for adjustment of potential level so as to adjust the potential of the photosensitive device from the level obtained as a result of the charging in the first step to the aimed level; and a third step of exposing the whole area of the photosensitive device. With this method, it is possible to remove electrostatic charge almost perfectly to eliminate undersirable shift of the potential of the photosensitive device after the erasion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic color image forming process wherein three light beams each representing image information of one of three primary colors or yellow, magenta and cyan of a color document to be recorded obtained by color separation are projected against an electrophotographic photosensitive member to form electrostatic latent images which are developed by toners of the three different colors, respectively, and printed by transfer-printing, to record a color image. The image information of three colors is simultaneously written to a surface of the photosensitive member as three scanning lines either by successively writing a plurality of sets of three scanning lines each representing image information of one color or by writing image information of different colors of the same set separately in three different zones, so that the scanning lines representing image information of different colors form a repeating series of three stripes of different colors.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process and apparatus for performing the process which employs an electrophotographic photosensitive member of a basic construction in which a photoconductive layer and a transparent insulator layer are sequentially laminated on the surface of a conductive supporter. The process comprises a first step of providing a primary charge uniformly from the surface side of the transparent insulator layer, a second step of performing a secondary corona charging during an imagewise exposure by applying a square wave voltage whose voltage-time integration value of a polarity reverse to the primary charge is larger than that of the same polarity thereas and a third step of forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the transparent insulator layer by applying a uniform exposure.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for simultaneously charging, exposing, and developing imaging members at low voltages which comprises a semi-transparent deflected flexible imaging member, an electronic imaging source means, a light beam deflector member, a modulator means, a laser means, a sensitizing roll means, containing magnets therein, a development roll means containing magnets therein, a voltage source means for the sensitizing roll means, a voltage source means for the development roll means, a developer supply reservoir containing conductive developer particles therein comprised of insulating toner resin particles and conductive carrier particles, a sensitizing nip situated between the flexible imaging member and the sensitizing roll, a development nip situated between the imaging member and the development roller, the sensitizing roll means and development roll means moving in the same direction of movement as the semi-transparent deflected flexible imaging member, the voltage being generated

Abstract: An electrophotographic process employs an electrophotographic photosensitive member of a basic construction in which a photoconductive layer and a transparent insulator layer are sequentially laminated on the surface of a conductive supporter. The process in one preferred embodiment comprises a first step of providing a primary charge uniformly from the surface side of the transparent insulator layer, a second step of performing a secondary corona charging during an imagewise exposure by applying an a.c. voltage in which the firing angle of a negative half wave is controlled in phase to be within a phase angle corresponding to a lower voltage than the firing angle so that the positive discharge period may be longer than the negative one during one period, and a third step of forming an electrostatic latent image on the transparent insulator layer by applying a uniform exposure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic method for the formation of two-colored images comprising: (1) uniformly charging the surface of a photoreceptor having a conductive substance and a photoconductive layer formed on the conductive substance, said photoconductive layer being sensitive to a first color, (2) exposing a two-colored original, to form on said photoconductive layer an electrostatic latent image, which corresponds to a second color region in the original, with the same polarity as the electric charges on the surface of said photoconductive layer, (3) subjecting the surface of said photoreceptor to a reversal development treatment by the use of a photoconductive color toner charged with the same polarity as the electric charges constituting said electrostatic latent image, to develop the non-charged region with the photoconductive color toner, (4) subjecting said electrostatic latent image to a normal development treatment by the use of an insulative toner having a color different from the color of said photocond

Abstract: A color recording method wherein equal amounts of photoconductive toner particles of three primary colors are uniformly mixed and applied as a layer on a doner member. Optical color images are projected onto this layer, thereby selectively decreasing the resistivities of the toner particles in patterns corresponding to the optical color images. Simultaneously or immediately thereafter there is applied a voltage thereacross, thereby selectively injecting charge into the photoconductive toner particles with decreased electric resistivities to form a charge distribution in the mixed toner layer corresponding to the projected optical color images. Using the charge distribution formed in the mixed toner layer, color recording is then performed by transferring the toner particles to a recording sheet in accordance with the charge distribution.