Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method of preparing paper. In some embodiments, the method involves a) providing an applicator comprising a housing comprising a top, a bottom, a height extending from the top to the bottom, an interior comprising a reservoir, the reservoir comprising a powder, a removable lid, and a base opposite the removable lid and comprising a channel, the applicator further comprising an applicator head extending from the bottom of the housing and in communication with the channel; b) providing a paper substrate; c) positioning the applicator head on the paper substrate; d) allowing the powder to contact the paper substrate and/or applicator head; and/or e) using the plurality of applicator head to move powder about the paper substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a novel compound capable of improving the luminous efficiency, stability and lifespan of a device, an organic electronic device using the same, and an electronic device.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate. The electrophotographic photoreceptor has an outermost surface layer that contains fluorine-containing resin particles and an antioxidant. The fluorine-containing resin particles contain 0 or more and 30 or less carboxy groups per 106 carbon atoms. A decrease in weight of the antioxidant when heated at 150° C. for 10 minutes in an air atmosphere is 40 mass % or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member (1) includes a conductive substrate (2) and a photosensitive layer (3). The photosensitive layer (3) is a single-layer photosensitive layer (3c) and contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 each represent a methyl group or a hydrogen atom. r, s, t, and u each represent a number greater than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 35.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge transport substance, a binder resin, and a compound which has a molecular weight of equal to or less than 350, and is represented by General Formula (1).

Abstract: The invention is to provide an image forming apparatus and an electrophotographic cartridge, which are free from problems of cleaning failure, filming, soiling, residual images (ghosts), fogging, density reduction, noise and the like and which can provide high-definition images even when a toner having a small particle size and having a high degree of circularity is used and even when a photoreceptor having a small outer diameter is used.

Abstract: A polycarbonate copolymer, a coating liquid and an electrophotographic photosensitive body are provided. The polycarbonate copolymer has good abrasion resistance and stable solubility in an organic solvent. The copolymer comprises a repeating unit A of formula (1); a repeating unit B of formula (2); and a repeating unit C of formula (3), in which: the polycarbonate copolymer has a presence ratio represented by Ar1/(Ar1+Ar2+Ar3) of from 50 to 65 mol %, a presence ratio represented by Ar2/(Ar1+Ar2+Ar3) of from 25 to 45 mol %, and a presence ratio represented by Ar3/(Ar1+Ar2+Ar3) of from 3 to 25 mol %: Ar1, Ar2, and Ar3 are each independently a divalent aromatic group, and X1 and X2 are each independently a single bond or —NH—, provided that Ar1 and Ar2 are not identical to each other. In the copolymer the repeating units B are not directly bonded to each other.

Abstract: A negative resist composition comprising a polymer comprising recurring units (a) of formula (1) and having a Mw of 1,000-500,000 as base resin is provided. R1 is H or methyl, X is a single bond or —C(?O)—O—R4—, R2 is a single bond or C1-C4 alkylene, R3 is C2-C8 alkylene, R4 is a single bond or C1-C4 alkylene, and 0<a?1.0. The composition exhibits a high resolution due to controlled acid diffusion and forms a resist film which is unsusceptible to swell in the developer and hence to pattern collapse.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an azoquinone compound represented by formula (1) below. In formula (1), R1 to R4 are identical or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a C1 to C6 alkyl group or a C6 to C12 aryl group, and Ar represents a C6 to C12 aryl group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; a charge generating layer provided on the conductive substrate; a charge transporting layer provided on the charge generating layer, which is configured to include a charge transporting material and a polycarbonate; and an outermost surface layer provided on the charge transporting layer, which is constituted with a cured film formed of a composition including a chain polymerizable compound having at least a charge transporting skeleton and a chain polymerizable functional group in the same molecule, and has an A value represented by the following equation (1) being from 0.1 to 0.3, and a B value represented by the following equation (2) being 0.02 or less, each of which is determined by an Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: A=(S1/S13)?(S0/S03)??Equation (1) B=S2/S23??Equation (2).

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member excellent in suppression of image deletion and electric potential variation. The surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a hole transporting substance. The hole transporting substance is one of a compound consisting of a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, or a compound consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, and an oxygen atom. The hole transporting substance comprises a conjugate structure containing 24 or more sp2 carbon atoms. The conjugate structure comprises a condensed polycyclic structure comprising 12 or more sp2 carbon atoms. A ratio of a number of sp2 carbon atoms is 55% or more based on a total number of carbon atoms in the hole transporting substance, and a ratio of a number of sp3 carbon atoms is 10% or more based on a total number of carbon atoms in the hole transporting substance.

Abstract: A positively chargeable single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a single-layer photosensitive layer. The single-layer photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The electron transport material contains two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the chemical formulas (1) to (4) below.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a conductive support, a binder resin that constitutes the photosensitive layer includes a polymer containing a skeleton derived from dehydroabietic acid in the main chain. An electrophotographic photoreceptor which accelerates conversion to natural materials from the viewpoint of manufactured product quality or production suitability, since the binder resin of the photosensitive layer has satisfactory solvent solubility.

Abstract: Embodiments pertain to a novel imaging member, namely, an imaging member or photoreceptor comprising a protective outer layer which comprises light-absorbing composition that substantially prevents any light absorption by the overcoat layer. The composition comprises a low strength thermal plastic resin and a high optical density yellow dye. Thus, the light-blocking protective layer reduces the intrinsic light shock suffered by conventional overcoat layers without negatively impacting electrical properties of the overcoat layer and while improving print quality.

Abstract: Disclosed are highly efficient multiphoton absorbing compounds and methods of their use. The compounds generally include a bridge of pi-conjugated bonds connecting electron donating groups or electron accepting groups. The bridge may be substituted with a variety of substituents as well. Solubility, lipophilicity, absorption maxima and other characteristics of the compounds may be tailored by changing the electron donating groups or electron accepting groups, the substituents attached to or the length of the pi-conjugated bridge. Numerous photophysical and photochemical methods are enabled by converting these compounds to electronically excited states upon simultaneous absorption of at least two photons of radiation. The compounds have large two-photon or higher-order absorptivities such that upon absorption, one or more Lewis acidic species, Lewis basic species, radical species or ionic species are formed.

Abstract: A composition according to the present invention contains at least a triarylamine compound and at least one bicyclic compound selected from the group consisting of those of the general formulas [1] to [4], wherein the triaryl amine compound is dissolved in the at least one bicyclic compound where R1 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom; A, B, C and F each independently represents either —CR22—, —O— or —NR2—; D and E each independently represents either —CR2? or —N?; G represents —CR22—; H represents —CR2?; and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a halogen atom.

Abstract: Provided are: a urethane-based polycarbonate resin, including a repeating unit represented by the general formula [1], and a repeating unit represented by the general formula [2], in which the urethane-based polycarbonate resin has high wear resistance by virtue of a strong hydrogen bond between urethane groups; and an electrophotographic photoconductor, including a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive substrate, in which the electrophotographic photoconductor includes the above-mentioned polycarbonate resin as a component of the photosensitive layer, has high wear resistance, and maintains an excellent electrophotographic characteristic over a longtime period: [Chem. 1] (Ar2 represents a group having a divalent aromatic group, and Ar1 represents a divalent aromatic group-containing group having a specific structure).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that contains a urea compound having two or more urea moieties. Each of the urea moieties has a carbonyl group and two nitrogen atoms. Each of the two nitrogen atoms connects to an alkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group.

Abstract: The present invention provides an azo pigment comprising a group represented by the general formula (1) below, an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an intermediate layer comprising the azo pigment, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus that comprise the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor including a conductive support and a photosensitive layer, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge generation agent, a charge transport agent and a binder resin, and wherein the charge generation agent contains an asymmetric disazo pigment represented by General Formula (I), the charge transport agent contains a triphenylamine compound represented General Formula (IX), and the mass ratio of the charge transport agent to the binder resin is 0.3 to 2.0, where R1 and R2 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkoxy group, aryl group or heterocyclic group, provided that R1 and R2 are different, where R3 to R5 each represent hydrogen, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a single-layer electrophotographic photoreceptor provided with a single-layer photosensitive layer that adapts to an exposing source emitting a laser beam with wavelengths of from 400 nm to 450 nm inclusive and is laminated on a conductive substrate, the single-layer photosensitive layer comprising: an enamine-type compound that functions as both a charge generation material and a charge transport material and is represented by the following general formula (1); and a perylene-type compound that functions as both an electron-transport material and a sensitizer and is represented by the following general formula (2):

Abstract: An objective is to provide an organic photoreceptor exhibiting high sensitivity, suitable for exposure to a semiconductor laser having an emission wavelength of 350-500 nm or a light emitting diode, with which generation of memory images as well as image defects caused by very small charge leakage is inhibited, and also to provide an image forming apparatus fitted with the organic photoreceptor. Also disclosed is an organic photoreceptor possessing a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer provided on a conductive support, wherein the charge generation layer contains particles made of a condensed polycyclic pigment, having an average major axis length of 500 nm or less, an average aspect ratio of 2.5-5.0, and an aspect ratio variation coefficient of 16% or less.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising on or over an electrically conductive support a photosensitive layer containing a charge generation material and a charge transfer material, wherein the charge generation material is comprised of two or more compounds represented by the following formula wherein X and Y are each an alkyl group or a halogen atom, n is an integer of 1 to 6 and m is an integer of 0 to 6, and wherein the compounds differ in at least one of m and n of the formula.

Abstract: Provided are: a urethane-based polycarbonate resin, including a repeating unit represented by the general formula [1], and a repeating unit represented by the general formula [2], in which the urethane-based polycarbonate resin has high wear resistance by virtue of a strong hydrogen bond between urethane groups; and an electrophotographic photoconductor, including a photosensitive layer provided on a conductive substrate, in which the electrophotographic photoconductor includes the above-mentioned polycarbonate resin as a component of the photosensitive layer, has high wear resistance, and maintains an excellent electrophotographic characteristic over a longtime period: [Chem. 1] (Ar2 represents a group having a divalent aromatic group, and Ar1 represents a divalent aromatic group-containing group having a specific structure).

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising on or over an electrically conductive support a photosensitive layer containing a pyranthrone compound represented by the following formula and the pyranthrone compound has a crystal structure exhibiting a CuK? X-ray diffraction spectrum having peaks at angles (2?±0.2°) of 12.3°, 20.5°, 25.3° and 28.3°.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoconductor comprising an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive substrate, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a charge-generating material and a charge-transporting material, the charge-transporting material comprising a compound represented by the general formula (1): wherein Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represent an optionally-substituted arylene or bivalent heterocyclic group; Ar3 and Ar4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, or an optionally-substituted aryl or monovalent heterocyclic group, but are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms; or Ar3 and Ar4 may be taken together to form an optionally-substituted bivalent cyclic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic group; and n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A photoconductor that includes, for example, a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, and at least one charge transport layer comprised of at least one charge transport component, and wherein at least one of the photogenerating layer and charge transport layer contains an anthracene, including derivatives thereof.

Abstract: An organic opto-electronic polymer having the structure of formula (I) is provided: The polymer can be used in the light-emitting layer of an organic light-emitting element as a blue light-emitting material.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor of high durability capable of providing stable excellent electrical characteristics over a prolonged period of time, which electrophotographic photoreceptor excels in mechanical strength. A photosensitive layer (14) of an electrophotographic photoreceptor (1) includes a polyarylate resin having structural units, for example, those of formula (1) and an enamine compound represented by, for example, formula (2) The variables R1, R2, R3, R4, R7˜R10, X1, Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, Ar4, Ar5, R11, R12, R13, R14, a, m, and n are as defined in the specification. By virtue of these, the electrophotographic photoreceptor (1) of excellent mechanical strength and favorable electrical characteristics can be realized.

Abstract: A hydrazone compound capable of realizing an electrophotographic photoreceptor having good electric properties such as good sensitivity and light responsibility, good electric and mechanical durability and good environment stability, is provided. The hydrazone compound is represented by the following general formula (1). The compound is contained in the charge transporting layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor.

Abstract: An organic photoconductive material which is useful as a raw material compound for a variety of functional materials and makes it possible to implement an electrophotoconductor which is excellent in terms of the charge transporting performance, excellent in terms of dissolution in solvents and compatibility with resins, and excellent in terms of both the electrical properties and durability is provided. An example is an asymmetric bishydroxy compound which can be represented by the following structural formula (1aa). This compound is contained in a charge transforming layer 4 or a surface protective layer 5 of an electrophotoconductor 18. As a result, an electrophotoconductor 18 which is excellent in terms of the electrical properties and durability and can stably form high quality images without image defects such as black dots can be implemented.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support, a charge generation layer containing a charge-generating material and a binder resin, provided on the support, and a hole transport layer containing a hole-transporting material, provided on the charge generation layer. The charge generation layer contains a phenanthrene compound having a structure represented by the following formula (2): wherein Z201 and Z202 each independently represent an oxygen atom, a ?C(CN)2 group or a ?N-Ph group; R201 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group; and R202 represents a halogen-atom-substituted alkyl group.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor showing high responsivity even under a low temperature and low humidity circumstance and capable of compatibilize the decrease of the size and the increase in the image forming speed of an electrophotographic apparatus. In a photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, oxotitanium phthalocyanine having a crystal form showing a diffraction peak at a Bragg angle 2? (error: 2?±0.2°) of 27.2° in an X-ray diffraction spectrum is contained as a charge generating substance, and an enamine compound represented by the general formula for example, the structural formula (1-1) is contained as a charge transporting substance. Accordingly, the electrophotographic photoreceptor showing high responsivity even under a low temperature and low humidity circumstance is realized.

Abstract: The present invention provides an azo pigment comprising a group represented by the general formula (1) below, an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising an intermediate layer comprising the azo pigment, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus that comprise the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: There is provided an organic photoconductive material that can realize an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is not only excellent in charge transporting ability but also excellent in solubility in a solvent and compatibility with a resin and moreover, which is excellent in both electric properties and durability, and the organic photoconductive material that is useful also as a raw material compound for various types of functional materials. An asymmetric bis-hydroxyenamine compound represented by the following structural formula (1aa) is provided. The compound is allowed to be contained in a charge transporting layer or a surface protective layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor. This leads realization of the electrophotographic photoreceptor which is excellent in electric properties and durability and can stably form an image of high quality being free of an image defect such as a black spot.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an organic photosensitive layer at the surface layer is provided which can improve the wear resistance, durability and operation stability of the surface layer and can form images with no injury and unevenness in the density for a long period of time. The electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer having a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer. In the photoreceptor, the photosensitive layer has a creep value CI? of 2.70% or more and an elastic ratio ?HU of 47% or more in a case where an indentation maximum load of 5 mN is loaded on the surface under a circumstance at a temperature of 25° C. and at a relatively humidity of 50%.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having excellent electric characteristics such as sensitivity characteristic and light responsiveness with an excellent life duration of abrasion resistance so that no flaw and density unevenness are generated on to-be-formed images for a long period of time, is provided. In an electrophotographic photoreceptor (1), an enamine compound represented by the following general formula (1), for example, an enamine compound represented by the following structural formula (1-1) is contained in a charge transporting layer (6), and a creep value (CIT) in a case where a maximum indentation load of 30 mN is put on a surface for 5 seconds under circumstances of temperature of 25° C. and relative humidity of 50%, is set to 2.70% or more and 5.00% or less, and a plastic deformation hardness value (Hplast) of the surface is set to 220 N/mm2 or more and 275 N/mm2 or less.

Abstract: A photoconductive member a layer including a substantially crosslinked product of a film-forming composition having at least a curing agent and a charge transport compound, wherein the charge transport compound has at least one group imparting charge transporting functionality, at least one crosslinking group and at least one fluorene moiety.

Abstract: An amine compound represented by the general formula (1), which is incorporated as a charge-transporting substance to a charge-transporting layer of an electrophotographic photoreceptor: (in which Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 each represents an optionally-substituted aryl group, or an optionally-substituted monovalent heterocyclic ring residue. Ar4 represents an optionally-substituted arylene group, or an optionally-substituted bivalent heterocyclic ring residue. R1 represents an optionally-substituted alkyl group, an optionally-substituted aryl group, an optionally-substituted monovalent heterocyclic ring residue, or an optionally-substituted aralkyl group. R2 and R3 each represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally-substituted alkyl group, an optionally-substituted aryl group, an optionally-substituted monovalent heterocyclic ring residue, or an optionally-substituted aralkyl group. n represents an integer of 1 or 2.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a highly reliable electrophotographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity, excellent in light responsivity, not suffering from lowering of such characteristics even when it is used under a low temperature circumstance or in a high speed electrophotographic process, and with less fatigue degradation upon repetitive use. In a photosensitive layer of an electrophotoreceptor, an enamine compound represented by the following general formula (1), for example, the following structural formula is contained as a charge transporting substance, and further at least one of an antioxidant and a light stabilizer is contained. Accordingly, an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in sensitivity and light responsivity in various environments, and with less fatigue degradation upon repetitive use is realized.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support and a photosensitive layer sensitive to semiconductor laser light of wavelength from 380 to 500 nm. The photosensitive layer contains (a) a bisazo pigment (i) of the following Formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are each an optionally substituted alkyl group or a halogen atom; R3 and R5 are each a hydrogen atom, R4 and R6 are each a 3 substituted phenyl group where the substitutent is Cl, F, Br, I, nitro, trifluoromethyl, trifluromethoxyl, acetyl or cyano; Z1 and Z2 are each an oxygen atom; m1 and m2 are each 0 to 4; and n1, n2 and n3 are 0; or (b) a bisazo pigment (ii) of Formula (1) wherein R1-R6, Z1, Z2 and m1, m2 are as before n1, n2 and n3 are each A1 and A2 are phenylene and A3 is carbonyl.

Abstract: This invention includes an improved organophotoreceptor having an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate where the photoconductive element comprises: (a) a charge transport material having the formula Y?N—N?X?N—N?Y? where Y and Y? comprise, each independently, a 9-fluorenylidene group; and X is a conjugated linking group that allows the delocalization of pi electrons over at least Y and Y?, such as a 1,2-ethanediylidene group, a 1,4-phenylenedimethylidyne group, a 2,4-cyclohexadienylidene group, a 2,5-cyclohexadienylidene group, a bicyclohexylidene-2,5,2?,5?-tetraene group, a bicyclohexylidene-2,4,2?,4?-tetraene group, or a combination thereof; and (b) a charge generating compound. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses and imaging methods are described.

Abstract: An organophotoreceptor that includes: (a) a charge transport material having the formula wherein A is selected from heterocyclic groups, naphthyl group, alkylsulfonylphenyl, stilbenyl or the group X, wherein X is represented by the formula B is selected from hydrogen, alkyl group, and an aryl group, with the proviso that when A is naphthyl, B is naphthyl; or where R1 is selected from the group consisting of N-pyrrolyl, N-pyrazolyl, N-tetrazolyl, N-indolyl, N-carbazolyl, N-triazolyl, N-imidazolyl, N-benzimidazolyl, N-indazolyl, and N-benzotriazolyl group, and R3 is a 9-fluorenone group. (b) a charge generating compound; and (c) an electrically conductive substrate.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having excellent chargeability, sensitivity and light responsivity of an electrophotographic photoconductor and capable of forming images of high quality and high resolution at a high speed in various circumstances, is provided. An electrophotographic photoconductor having a photosensitive layer containing the enamine compound represented by the following general formula (1), for example, the enamine compound represented by the following structural formula (1-1) as a charge transportation substance is mounted to an image forming apparatus and the volume average particle size of the toner contained in a developer 50 housed in a developing device 33 is set to a size from 4 to 7 ?m.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of producing high quality images even when development is carried out under low electric potential conditions, and also provides an image forming device incorporating such an electrophotographic photoreceptor. In a photosensitive layer 14 of a photoreceptor 1, the mobility of electric charges is 2×10?6 cm2/(V·s) or greater at an electric field intensity E of 1×105 V/cm. Further, the slope ?in equation 1 representing the mobility of electric charges is 5×10?4 or less in an electric field range of 5×104<E<1×105.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor of excellent durability having high sensitivity and light responsiveness, not suffering from lowering of the electric characteristics by exposure to light, change of circumstance, or repetitive use, and excellent in the cleaning property and not suffering from lowering of the picture quality of formed images for a long times, in which an enamine compound represented by the general formula (1), for example, an enamine compound represented by the following structural formula (1-1) is incorporated in a photosensitive layer 14, and the surface energy (?) on the surface of the photosensitive layer 14 is set to 20.0 mN/m or more and 35.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an enamine compound having a specific structure is used as an organic photoconductive material. This enamine compound is obtained based on asymmetrical secondary naphtylamine which is readily available at a lowest price, by introducing phenyl groups containing substituents, as constituents units of the enamine part and presents excellent compatibility with binder resins, will not present detrimental effects such as partial crystallization at film forming and have a high charge mobility. The compound is able to realize highly reliable electrophotographic photoreceptor and an image forming apparatus which present a high electrostatic potential, high sensitivity and high enough light response and are excellent in durability and will not degrade in these characteristics under a low-temperature environment or in a high-speed process and will not lower in these characteristics even due to exposure to light.

Abstract: An organic photoreceptor is described. The photosensitive layer contains a pyranthrone compound represented by Formula 1 which has been subjected to purification processing so as to have a mass reduction ratio D400/450 between 400° C. and 450° C. of not more than 2.0% in a thermogravimetric analysis; D400/450={(G400?G450)/Gi}×100 wherein Gi is a mass at 25° C., and G400 and G450 are each mass at 400° C. and 450° C., respectively, wherein R1 through R14 are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group or a nitro group. The image forming method using the photoreceptor, and the pyranthrone compound are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved organophotoreceptor comprises an electrically conductive substrate and a photoconductive element on the electrically conductive substrate, the photoconductive element comprising: (a) a polymeric charge transport material having the formula where n and m are each a distribution of integers, and the n units of R1—Si—X1—Ar1 and m units of R2—Si—X2—Ar2—X3-Z form either a random, an alternative, or a block copolymer; R1 and R2 comprise, each independently, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aromatic group; X1, X2, and X3 comprise, each independently, a bond or a linking group; A1 and A2 are each a terminal group; Ar1 and Ar2 comprise, each independently, an aromatic group; and Z comprises a functional group; and (b) a charge generating compound. Corresponding electrophotographic apparatuses, imaging methods, and methods of preparing the polymeric charge transport material are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer material having a carrier transport property. The polymer material has first and second states in which degrees of the carrier transport property are different from each other, microscopic structures in the first and second states are different from each other, and one of the first and second states can be changed into the other state.