Abstract: A device for dispensing and automatically extinguishing pre-waxed hemp wick is described. The invention includes a main body, consisting of an area that may readily be gripped by a user and another area to store a length of pre-waxed wick. The user pulls or unwinds a length of wick from the storage area, and pushes the wick at the point where it should be extinguished into a notch cut into a sufficiently flame-retardant material located at the top of the main body. The notch is in width slightly smaller than standard pre-waxed hemp wick, therefore securely holding the wick and causing the burning wick to automatically extinguish by removing air from the combustion process when the flame reaches the notch. A recess located directly under the notch allows for easy retrieval of the next portion of wick to be burned.

Abstract: Controlling a modulating gas furnace by monitoring a differential pressure associated with the modulating gas furnace using a low pressure limit switch configured to actuate at a first pressure, an intermediate pressure limit switch configured to actuate at a second pressure, and a high pressure limit switch configured to actuate at a third pressure, the second pressure being between the first and third pressure, selectively operating the modulating gas furnace in one of a cycling mode, a modulating mode in a lower range, and a modulating mode in an upper range, the modulating mode in the lower range being associated with an output capacity range between the output capacity ranges of the cycling mode and the modulating mode in the upper range, and selectively operating the furnace in response to at least one of the low pressure limit switch, the intermediate pressure limit switch, and the high pressure limit switch.

Abstract: A liquid fuel cell that includes a canister having a fuel reservoir and a burner assembly mounted upon the canister. The burner assembly contains a wick holding aperture that opens into the fuel reservoir and a wick that is made up of continuous fiber strands mounted in the tube. The wick is doubled over to create a crown that is vertically disposed above the top of the wick holding aperture and the two ends of the wick are arranged to pass down through the wick burner into the fuel reservoir. A number of fiber strands are severed in the crown region to create a small island of bristles which greatly enhances the wick's ability to be rapidly and efficiently ignited.

Abstract: A candle-maintenance tool for carving a substantially arcuate path in candle wax of a surface of a candle. The candle-maintenance tool includes a shaft having a candle-contacting surface at one end thereof and a blade coupled to the shaft near the candle-contacting surface. When the candle-contacting surface is pressed into the surface of the candle, at least a portion of the blade contacts the surface of the candle. When the candle-maintenance tool is rotated in place with the candle-contacting surface pressed into the surface of the candle, the blade carves a substantially arcuate path into the surface of the candle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inserting wicks into candles formed in jars or containers characterized by a device comprised of a hollow tube, sealed on one end, in which a wick and wick base can snugly fit, and a crosspiece having width greater than width of the mouth of a jar so that after candle wax is poured, the wick straightening device is inserted into the jar and is removed after the wax has cooled so that the wick will remain straight even after the candle wax has cooled.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a duration of burn of a stick of incense includes a base and a ferric rod extending away from and over the base. A hole is provided in the base for placement of a bottom end of the incense. A cylindrical portion is adapted to fit over and slide along a longitudinal length of the incense. A magnet is attached to the cylindrical portion and is adapted to secure the cylindrical portion, where desired, along a longitudinal length of the rod. Accordingly, the incense is supported in two locations and is disposed under and generally parallel to the rod. The incense is able to burn until the area of combustion reaches the cylindrical portion, at which time it is extinguished. Two alternate embodiments are described that allow use of modified forms of the cylindrical portion with prior art types of incense burners.

Abstract: The candlewick holder remover enables an individual to easily remove the candlewick holder that is left in the candlestick after the candle has burned in it. The candlewick holder remover comprises an elongated portion and a removing portion, the latter comprising at least one sharp edge to cut the wax and pry the candlewick holder from the candlestick.

Abstract: A liquid fuel lamp design is disclosed, consisting of a length of wick housed within a vertical wick tube equipped with an upwardly-extending handle, which wick tube assembly is seated resealably within a funnel-shaped fuel aperture extending upward from a low wide fuel reservoir, atop which is securely affixed a lamp chimney of such dimension as to assure a high degree of isolation of the lamp flame and exhaust vapors above 451 F degrees from non-vapor combustibles in the lamp environment. The invention relies on a novel liquid fuel lamp filling system, whereby the wick tube may be equipped with a bushing and cap to resealably close the fuel aperture, and is removed and replaced by its upwardly extended handle via the chimney's upper opening to allow refilling and maintenance. The wick tube and fuel reservoir are configured so as to efficiently burn liquid fuels, especially viscous fuels, and in particular vegetable oils as fuel.

Abstract: A self-extinguishing candle is described, comprising a candle body made of wax or other suitable fuel. One or more series of wick appliances having an internal hollow channel are longitudinally disposed within the candle body. A single length of wick traverses through the collinear channels of each series of wick appliances. Within each wick appliance the section of wick therein is formed into a wick contraction. The wick contraction may be formed by bending, folding, spiraling, coiling, gathering or furling the section of wick, thereby increasing the overall length of wick contained within the interior of each wick appliance.

Abstract: A combination wick cutter and lighter includes a tube connected to a handle with an opening in the end of the tube into which a wick may be received vertically along a tube longitudinal axis. When the wick is in the opening, the user moves an actuator to cut the wick and further moves the actuator to ignite the wick. Because the tube is advanced vertically, a candle wick in a candle holder with high sides relative to the position of the wick may be trimmed and lit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward providing a device for cutting away wax buildup from around the wick of a candle, thereby to once again expose the wick and enable the candle to again be lit. The invention is configured as a relatively small cylindrical object having a wax cutting assembly at one end so that by rotating the device around a wick the wax will be cut away and the wick exposed.

Abstract: A candlewick trimmer includes an elongate housing and a lever pivotally mounting to the housing. The lever includes a cutter extending from the pivot having a cutting edge to cut off a candlewick inserted into the housing and a cam surface spaced from the cutting edge. The cam surface engages the candlewick a predetermined distance beyond the cutting edge and deflects the candlewick towards an opening in the housing.

Abstract: A device and method for exposing the ignitable end of a candle wick embedded in wax leaving an area around the wick to facilitate future lighting. The device includes an elongate hollow heated tube, heated by a heating source which heats the elongate hollow tube to a temperature sufficient to substantially soften or liquefy candle wax. A working end of the heated elongate hollow tube is inserted into the candle wax around the embedded ignitable end of a candle wick. The candle and the device are inverted and the wax around the candle wick flows through the interior of the heated elongate hollow tube and out a draining end of the heated elongate hollow tube thus exposing the embedded wick. The device also includes a handle allowing a user to easily hold and control the heated tube.

Abstract: The candlewick-fixing device replaces the need for two tools with separate functions by combining both tools at opposite ends of one adjoining handle. On one end, an O-shaped candlewick hook allows one to straighten and reposition the candlewick without having to extinguish the flame. On the other end, a bell-shaped snuffer extinguishes the flame when one places the snuffer over the flame. The bell-shaped snuffer is attached to the long handle by a hinge that allows it to be rotated horizontally. The device includes a plate to rest the bell-shaped snuffer on when not in use.

Abstract: A candle wick clipper having a narrow cutting end to reach a candle wick within a confined space and having a receptacle to contain and remove the cut debris removed from the candle wick. The candle wick clipper has two lever members pivotally attached together at an intermediate portion, and two half-barrel shaped receptacles at opposing ends of the lever members. Cutting blades are defined in the half-barrel shaped receptacles which mesh and close the end of the receptacles when the lever members are closed in order to cut the wick without dropping the residue excised from the wick.

Abstract: A candle holder 1 comprises an annular collar 2 and a bottom disc 3 interconnected by ribs 4 having sharp edges 5 for trimming a candle end inserted in the cavity defined by the ribs 4, the collar 1 and disc 3 while rotating the holder relative to the candle such that the sharpened edges 5 trim the candle end until said end is entirely received in the cavity, resilient arms 11 being provided for ensuring that the holder with candle inserted may be stably secured in the socket of a candlestick.

Abstract: A device and method for exposing the ignitable end of a candle wick embedded in wax leaving an area around the wick to facilitate future lighting. The device includes an elongate hollow heated tube, heated by a heating source which heats the elongate hollow tube to a temperature sufficient to substantially soften or liquefy candle wax. A working end of the heated elongate hollow tube is inserted into the candle wax around the embedded ignitable end of a candle wick. The candle and the device are inverted and the wax around the candle wick flows through the interior of the heated elongate hollow tube and out a draining end of the heated elongate hollow tube thus exposing the embedded wick. The device also includes a handle allowing a user to easily hold and control the heated tube.

Abstract: A candle maintenance device according to the invention preferably has a body with a handle portion to grip the device. A trigger is used to engage a wick cutting element and lighting element. The wick cutting element preferably includes a cutting actuator mechanism, cutting guide and cutting device. The lighting element preferably includes a fuel cell for housing a fuel, fuel lines and an igniter source. A candlewick placed in the wick cutting element will be drawn into or forced against a cutting device such as a cutting blade. Contemporaneously with the cutting of the wick, the lighting element will release fuel from the fuel cell and ignite the fuel via the igniter source. The fuel is discharged through piping to a location in close proximity to the cutting device. An igniter source causes a spark to ignite the fuel thereby igniting the wick.

Abstract: This invention improves upon the existing art by providing a combination implement for use with candles, thereby providing a convenient tool with multiple functions. Broadly, the implement includes an elongated handle having a first end with a candle wick trimmer and a second end with a candle snuffer. In the preferred embodiment, the candle snuffer is the form of a bent wire configured to perform a smokeless, wick-dipping action. In an alternative embodiment, the wick trimmer comprises a pair of miniature shears. An option sleeve may be provided to cover at least the shears, and the elongated handle may have one or more flat sides suitable for carrying messages.

Abstract: A wick trimmer and capture device for trimming, to a predetermined length, a wick of a candle formed with a primary and a secondary wick well. The trimmer device includes an elongated, actuatable handle assembly that has a grip assembly at a proximate end and having first and second prongs at a distal end. Projecting distally from the first prong, a gauging anvil is also included that is formed with a well edge that is configured with a lateral dimension small enough to fit within the primary well and sufficient in width to span a secondary well diameter. An adjustable trim plate is slidably mounted from the second prong and is formed to have a trim blade, which is arranged in a confronting relationship with the gauging anvil.

Abstract: A candle snuffer which extinguishes a burning candle flame without residual smoke and simultaneously trims a charred end of a candlewick is disclosed. The candle snuffer fabricated from a wire member, has a loop formed in the wire member midway between a first end and a second end of the wire member and a pair of quenching tabs disposed on each end of the wire member. The pair of quenching tabs oppose each other and are sufficiently spaced apart to define a gap to interpose the candlewick of the burning candle flame therebetween, whereby when the pair of quenching tabs are urged together into contact with the candlewick by squeezing the pair of arms, the burning candle flame is instantaneously quenched without residual smoke while the charred end of the candlewick is simultaneously trimmed.

Abstract: A wick trimmer and capture device for trimming, to a predetermined length, a wick of a candle formed with a primary and a secondary wick well. The trimmer device includes an elongated, actuatable handle assembly that has a grip assembly at a proximate end and having first and second prongs at a distal end. Projecting distally from the first prong, a gauging anvil is also included that is formed with a well edge that is configured with a lateral dimension small enough to fit within the primary well and sufficient in width to span a secondary well diameter. An adjustable trim plate is slidably mounted from the second prong and is formed to have a trim blade, which is arranged in a confronting relationship with the gauging anvil.

Abstract: A candle maintenance device according to the invention preferably has a body with a handle portion to grip the device. A trigger is used to engage a wick cutting element and lighting element. The wick cutting element preferably includes a cutting actuator mechanism, cutting guide and cutting device. The lighting element preferably includes a fuel cell for housing a fuel, fuel lines and an igniter source. A candlewick placed in the wick cutting element will be drawn into or forced against a cutting device such as a cutting blade. Contemporaneously with the cutting of the wick, the lighting element will release fuel from the fuel cell and ignite the fuel via the igniter source. The fuel is discharged through piping to a location in close proximity to the cutting device. An igniter source causes a spark to ignite the fuel thereby igniting the wick.

Abstract: A candle snuffer having a handle, a body and a hook. The hook submerges a lit candle wick into the adjacent melted wax channel thereby extinguishing said wick. The hook is then used to retrieve the extinguished wick from the melted wax and returning it to its original position.

Abstract: An anti-flash wick support for candles having a candle floor. A candle floor includes the bottom surface of a container and the lowest extremity of a freestanding candle. A wick sustainer having a central bore is adhered to the candle floor by an adhesive plug which plugs the bore near the base of the upright column of the wick sustainer. The wick extends downwardly into the bore and the adhesive plug prevents fuel from being drawn upwardly by the wick through the bore to a flame. The flame goes out once the fuel, such as molten wax descends below the top end of the wick sustainer. In an alternative embodiment, a pedestal extends upwardly from, and attaches to, the container floor. A wick sustainer rests upon the fuel impervious top surface of the pedestal.

Abstract: A fuel combuster such as a torch tip, having means therein for cleaning the orifice of the tip, as well as a method of cleaning such an orifice. The combustion device comprises a metallic elongated tube having a forward section terminating in a front end, a middle section and a rearward section, the middle section communicating at its respective ends with the forward section and the rearward section. The rearward section is adapted, suitably at its rearward end, for connection to a source of combustible gas, and is suitably provided with axially positioned fuel jet means for injecting combustible gas into the tube and with apertures for intake of combustion supporting gas to be mixed with the combustible gas. The fuel jet means includes an orifice having an elongated wire passing therethrough. Movement of the wire loosens any dirt in the orifice.

Abstract: A method for controlling gas flow direction through a regenerative incinerator system coupled to a flow reversing valve, and for reversing the flow direction of the gas stream through the regenerative incinerator system. The regenerative incinerator system having a combustion zone and one or more heat accumulating and heat exchanging zones. The method establishes a combustion zone base temperature set-point, or T.sub.CB for referencing combustion zone temperatures, or T.sub.C 's, and an outlet base temperature set-point, or T.sub.OB, for referencing outlet temperatures, or T.sub.O 's, from the regenerative incinerator system. A switching temperature, or T.sub.S, is also established as a function of T.sub.C, T.sub.CB and T.sub.OB such that the slope of said function, i.e. dT.sub.S /dT.sub.C, is never negative over a predetermined range of combustion zone temperatures, or T.sub.C 's. The switching temperature being equal to T.sub.OB when the combustion zone temperature is equal to T.sub.CB.

Abstract: A disposable burner illuminator device comprises a buoyant flotation collar of substantially flat configuration having at least one wick member receiving aperture, a reflector foil layer supported on one surface of the buoyant flotation collar and a wick member extending through the receiving aperture and having a larger diameter at the wick end extending through the surface supporting the reflector foil layer than the diameter of the receiving aperture. This device may be utilized individually or with a plurality of wick member receiving apertures and a plurality of wick members. A plurality of the devices may be formed as a booklet or card having several burner illuminator devices which can be torn off or separated from the card and utilized individually or in groups.

Abstract: The present invention is a new improved wick which is manufactured so as to allow the wick to burn for a longer period of time than existing wicking material. The wick is capable of being moved around the surface of a candle to maximize the life of the candle by burning all of the candle's wax instead of permitting the candle to burn only in the area immediately surrounding the wick as in the case with most conventional wicks. The wick comprises a single strand of tufted wire coil having a polyethylene and wax coating. One end of the coil is turned upward into a vertical section to compose the lighting element and the other end of the wire is wound into a circular base such that it touches the base of the vertical section.

Abstract: A method of operating a fast fluidized bed reactor according to the invention comprises: (1) providing a fluidized bed reactor having an upper and a lower region, the upper region having a cylindrical shape; (2) feeding matter to be reacted into the lower region of the reactor; (3) supplying a first stream of pressurized air to the reactor in the lower region at a velocity to fluidize the granular material in the circulating regime, a portion of the granular material is continually entrained into the upper region; (4) tangentially supplying a second stream of pressurized air to the upper region wherein, at maximum operating capacity for the reactor, the second stream of air constitutes in excess of about 50% of the total pressurized air fed to the reactor; (5) maintaining a Swirl number of at least about 0.

Abstract: An apparatus for recovering energy that can be incorporated in the flue gas discharge duct of a gas or oil fired heating installation which uses a liquid circuit to transfer heat. The apparatus is comprised of supply and discharge connections for the flue gas, a heat exchanger to be incorporated in the liquid circuit, a condensate collection and discharge device, and a fan to force the flue gas flow past the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a candle-wicking machine which automatically operates to insert a candle wick into a candle after the candle has been formed to its desired shape. A plurality of candles can be wicked at the same time. Essentially, wicking material is cut to length, and then engaged near one end with a wicking rod that is forced down into the candle carrying the wicking material with it and depositing the wicking material into the candle on removal of the wicking rod. The essence of the invention lies in proper association of the wicking material with the wicking rod, cutting the wicking material to proper length, and the engagement of the wicking rod with the wicking material to force it into the candle.