Abstract: A method for generating combustion by means of a burner assembly and corresponding burner assembly are disclosed. The burner assembly comprises a refractory block, a fuel supply system and an oxidant supply system. The refractory block defines along one plane P1 at least one fuel passageway extending from a fuel inlet port to a fuel outlet port, and along a second plane P2 at least one oxidant passageway extending from an oxidant inlet port to an oxidant outlet port, said first and second planes intersecting along a line that is beyond said outlet ports, said oxidant supply system comprising a pair of oxidant supply means, an inlet of the inner oxidant supply means being connected to a source of a first oxidant having a first oxygen concentration and an inlet of the concentric outer oxidant supply means being connected to a source of a second oxidant having a second oxygen concentration, the method having improved flexibility in oxygen concentration in the oxidant.

Abstract: A method and system for producing hydrogen using an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out a primary reforming process within a reforming reactor, and a secondary reforming process within a reactively driven and catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane reactor with or without an auxiliary source of heat to support primary reforming process within the reforming reactor to first form a synthesis gas product. The auxiliary source of heat is disposed within the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system proximate to the reforming reactors and comprises an auxiliary oxygen transport membrane reactor or a ceramic burner. The synthesis gas product is further treated in a separate high temperature water gas shift reactor and optionally in a separate low temperature water gas shift reactor. Hydrogen is produced from the resulting hydrogen-enriched gas using hydrogen PSA.

Abstract: A regenerative burner device for a furnace and a method of removing contaminants from such a device. The burner device includes a burner for introducing heat and waste gas into a furnace during ignition when supplied with fuel and a combustion gas, a media bed comprising refractory particles, and ducting for delivering combustion gas to said burner during ignition, and for drawing waste gas from said furnace on termination of ignition. The ducting causes the combustion gas and the waste gas to pass in succession through the media bed. Means are provided for periodically delivering a rapid flow of a decontaminating gas into said media bed. The rapid flow is of sufficient force to dislodge contaminants collected in the media bed from said waste gas.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment provides a regenerative burner apparatus. The apparatus includes a burner housing having a gas channel and a single-stage heat regenerator equipped with a housing enclosing a fluid-porous heat regenerative media bed. A first gas passageway in the housing directly interconnects the gas channel and the lower surface of the media bed. A second gas passageway in the housing interconnects an opening in the housing communicating with the exterior and the upper surface of the media bed. This arrangement allows hot waste combustion gases to pass upwardly through the media bed so that any condensable contaminant in the gases condenses to a liquid and flows out of the bed under gravity before becoming solid and clogging the bed. The liquid contaminant may then be removed from the regenerator from a position below the media bed.

Abstract: The method can include injecting fuel from a liquefied fuel source into a combustion chamber having a combustion path, by circulating the fuel out from an inlet conduit into an evaporator housing, along the evaporator housing in a direction opposite the combustion path and across an evaporator element receiving fuel in the liquid state and exposing a multiplied surface of the liquid fuel to heat from the combustion path to evaporate the liquid fuel, and conveying the evaporated fuel into the combustion chamber and into the combustion path.

Abstract: A system includes a feed preparation system, with a fluid injection system configured to inject a fluid into a feed stream to generate a feed-fluid mixture. The feed stream includes a first solid, a second solid, and a gas. The feed preparation system also includes a cyclone configured to separate the feed-fluid mixture into a first stream that includes the first solid and the gas, and a second stream that includes the second solid and the fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid fired hot gas generator which comprises a plurality of solid burners for extending the regulating range, which form a multiple solid burner with an enlarged regulating range. A solid feed and a combustion air feed are assigned to each solid burner and with the aid of a dosing means a separate, dosed solid feed to each solid burner is guaranteed. The firing power of the multiple solid burner which is in particular a multiple impulse burner extends from the minimum power of one of the solid burners to the maximum power of all solid burners so that a regulation of all necessary load regions of a plant unit to be supplied is covered.

Abstract: A combustion air supply apparatus 9 of alternating heat exchange type supplies combustion air and discharges combustion exhaust gas at a flow velocity of 80 to 200 m/sec. A burner assembly 4 is configured in such a manner that low-caloric fuel gas is pre-heated with heat of pre-combusting high-caloric fuel gas before the low-caloric fuel gas reaches a mixing starting space CA in the combustion chamber where the pre-combusting high-caloric fuel gas and the low-caloric fuel gas come to burn together in a full scale in the mixing starting space CA. When an air amount of the combustion air supplied through the high-temperature air supply ports of the plurality of fuel gas combustion apparatuses is defined as Q1 and an air amount of the pre-combustion air to be mixed with the high-caloric fuel gas, supplied from the fuel gas combustion apparatuses, is defined as Q2, a total air amount (Q1+Q2) is 1.02 to 1.10 times more than a theoretical air amount QS required for combustion, and a ratio of Q2/(Q1+Q2) is 0.

Abstract: The present invention provides fuel saving systems. Fuel consumption can be reduced by 5% to 40% or more by pre-combustion heating the fuels. The heat exhaust of a combustion chamber can be used to heat a heat transfer fluid, which exchanges heat with the incoming fuel stream.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion in which a pressurized preheated liquid fuel is atomized and a portion thereof flash vaporized, creating a mixture of fuel vapor and liquid droplets. The mixture is mixed with primary combustion oxidant, producing a fuel/primary oxidant mixture which is then injected into a primary combustion chamber in which the fuel/primary oxidant mixture is partially combusted, producing a secondary gaseous fuel containing hydrogen and carbon oxides. The secondary gaseous fuel is mixed with a secondary combustion oxidant and injected into the second combustion chamber wherein complete combustion of the secondary gaseous fuel is carried out. The resulting second stage flue gas containing very low amounts of NOx is then vented from the second combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device taking gas as fuel in industry, dining halls, power plants and the like, in particular to an energy-saving, high-efficiency and environment-friendly method and a device for gas combustion. The energy-saving method for gas combustion is characterized in that: the combustion method is that: 1. gas enters into a hearth for one time or times of compression and expansion; 2. air is introduced into the hearth and is mixed with the gas; 3. the gas is ignited, the volume of the gas and the volume of the air are rapidly expanded and compressed in the hearth, and the bonds of gas molecules are cracked; 4. the gas rotates in the hearth at a high speed, and is fully combusted in a stove body to emit heat; and 5. when the gas is combusted, the gas is preheated before entering into the hearth. The present invention further discloses a device for realizing the method.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for recovering thermal energy from heated exhaust gases. The methods and systems have particular use in conjunction with combustion source effluent/exhaust streams. The methods of energy recovery increase life expectancy of various equipment, while reducing operating and maintenance costs for economic recovery of enthalpy from heated process streams. In certain aspects, the methods of recovering thermal energy include providing a heated low pressure effluent stream. A high velocity stream is injected into an entrainment zone to form a high velocity jet which entrains the heated effluent stream. The momentum of the system is conserved and a mixed stream is pressurized and recirculated to a burning zone of a combustion source. The methods also reduce pollutant emissions.

Abstract: Techniques convey, cool and energy recuperate hot material from a combustion boiler of a combustion plant. Such techniques involve: a) issue of the hot material from a material issue orifice of a combustion boiler into a capture region of a housing, a conveyor belt being arranged in the housing, b) conveyance of the hot material through a cooling region in the housing, c) cooling of the hot material in the cooling region by means of a cooling-air stream moving in the opposite direction to the material, d) removal of at least part of the heated cooling-air stream out of at least one region adjacent to the capture region of the housing, and e) delivery of the removed cooling-air stream to at least one region, carrying combustion exhaust gases, of the combustion plant.

Abstract: A method of and a system for combusting fuel in an oxyfuel combustion boiler. Fuel is fed to a furnace of the boiler. Oxidant gas that includes a mixture of substantially pure oxygen and recycled flue gas is fed to the furnace, prior to the feeding of the oxidant gas. At least a portion of the oxidant gas is preheated to generate preheated oxidant gas. The fuel is combusted with the oxidant gas in the furnace so as to generate steam and to produce the flue gas, and at least a portion of the steam is superheated to generate superheated steam. The preheating of the at least a portion of the oxidant gas is performed by using a heat exchanger that transfers heat from a portion of the superheated steam to the oxidant gas.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recovering heat radiating from the outer surface of a rotary kiln includes an enclosure formed as a stationary housing that has an axially extending opening and closure flaps on circumferential ends of the housing extending towards the shell to form a chamber and an exhaust fan, arranged to draw a flow of air into the housing, which flow of air recovers heat from the kiln shell and is discharged from the chamber for heat recovery therefrom.

Abstract: The efficiency and effectiveness of apparatuses for vaporizing and combusting liquid fuel can be improved using thermal conductors. For example, an apparatus having a liquid fuel vaporizer and a combustion chamber can be characterized by a thermal conductor that conducts heat from the combustion chamber to the vaporizer. The thermal conductor can be a movable member positioned at an insertion depth within the combustion chamber that corresponds to a rate of heat conduction from the combustion chamber to the vaporizer. The rate of heat conduction can, therefore, be adjusted by positioning the movable member at a different insertion depth.

Abstract: In a burning air feeding device (9) of alternating heat-exchanging type, the feed of burning air and the discharge of a burned exhaust gas are performed at the speeds of 80 to 200 m/sec. A burner structure (4) is constituted such that a low-calorie fuel gas is preheated with the heat of a precombustion high-calorie fuel gas till the low-calorie fuel gas reaches a mixing starting zone (CA), and such that the precombustion high-calorie fuel gas and the low-calorie fuel gas are burned together in the mixing starting zone (CA). The sum (Q1+Q2) of an air quantity (Q1) fed from the hot air feeding ports of a plurality of fuel gas burning devices and an air quantity (Q2) of a precombustion air to be mixed with the high-calorie fuel gas in the plural fuel gas burning devices is set to 1.02 to 1.10 times as high as the stoichiometric air quantity (Qs) necessary for the combustion, and the ratio (Q2/(Q1+Q2)) is set within the range of 0.011 to 0.047.

Abstract: Method of controlling a reheat furnace (1) for reheating iron and steel products, for example slabs, blooms, ingots or billets, making it possible for the product to be reheated to be brought to the desired temperature for rolling, the furnace being equipped with a heat recuperator (A). The furnace is equipped mostly with regenerative-type burners which include regenerators and operate in on/off mode; the burners operate in time modulation mode; a portion of the combustion gases passes through the regenerators of the regenerative burners so as to preheat one of the fluids (either the fuel or the oxidizer) participating in the combustion; and the remainder of the combustion gases passes through the heat recuperator (A) in order to preheat the fluid (either the oxidizer or the fuel) other than that preheated in the regenerators.

Abstract: A baffle for a regenerative burner has a primary reactant port, secondary reactant ports, and internal flow paths. The primary port is centered on an axis. The secondary ports are arranged in an array that is asymmetrical relative to a plane containing the axis. The internal air flow paths convey secondary air streams from the regenerative bed to the secondary ports. A reactant delivery structure for use with the baffle includes a pilot burner, a main fuel conduit, and a primary air conduit. The pilot burner projects a pilot flame toward the primary port. The main fuel conduit has an annular outlet that directs a main fuel stream over the pilot flame and outward from the primary port. The primary air conduit has an annular outlet that directs a primary air stream outward from the primary port over the main fuel stream.

Abstract: A burner device for operation with a fuel that is liquid at room temperature, especially a vegetable oil, including an evaporator system for evaporating the liquid fuel, and a nozzle for ejecting and for igniting the evaporated fuel under the effect of flame. The burner also includes a heat conducting sheet which at least partially surrounds the evaporator system.

Abstract: The present disclosure may disclose a system and method for superadiabatic counterflow reactors. The system may include a first channel configured to communicate gas in a first direction, a second channel formed adjacent the first channel and configured to communicate gas in a second direction, the second direction substantially opposite the first direction, and the first channel having a first heat source positioned such that gas flowing through the first channel preheats gas in the second channel and the second channel having a second heat source positioned such that gas flowing through the second channel preheats gas in the first channel.

Abstract: A control device for controlling hydrogen flow of a hydrogen storage canister accommodated in a canister containing chamber includes a heating device which is connected to a heating fuel storage tank via a heating fuel supplying pipeline for conveying a heating fuel to a catalyst bed in the canister containing chamber and generating heat by combustion of the heating fuel at the catalyst bed. A blowing device provides an air flow to the canister containing chamber. A controller controls the operation of the heating device and the blowing device in correspondence to a temperature signal detected from an internal space of the canister containing chamber. The controller is coupled with a setting unit for setting various parameters which are stored in a parameter storage unit for controlling the controller.

Abstract: The present invention provides microcombustors, microreformers, and methods of steam reforming alcohols over a catalyst. The microcombustors can be manufactured with a very small size and can operate at very low temperature. Surprisingly superior results and properties obtained in methods of the present invention are also described.

Abstract: An evaporative burner includes an evaporative medium for feeding fuel vapor into a combustion chamber, a first heating device, having at least one ignition heating element projecting with at least its heating region into the combustion chamber for igniting fuel vapor present in the combustion chamber, and a second heating device, with at least one evaporating heating element associated with the evaporative medium for affecting its evaporation characteristic.

Abstract: A superatmospheric combustion apparatus and a method of operating such an apparatus include providing a superatmospheric combustion device having a lean gas chamber, a combustor, a heat recovery section, and an exhaust, feeding lean gas to the lean gas chamber, providing a heat sink/pressure equalization chamber and a preheated air chamber within the combustion device, feeding pressurized ambient air to the heat sink/pressure equalization chamber, feeding preheated air to the preheated air chamber, exchanging heat from the lean gas chamber, the preheated air chamber, and the combustor to the pressurized ambient air in the heat sink/pressure equalization chamber, feeding the lean gas from the lean gas chamber to the combustor, feeding the preheated air from the preheated air chamber to the combustor, and combusting the lean gas and the preheated air in the combustor at superatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A burner apparatus comprises a conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant and having outlet and inlet ends, and a conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel and having outlet and inlet ends. The conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel is substantially parallel to the conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant. The conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant is positioned substantially vertically above the conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel. The conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant and the conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel each are positioned within its own respective elongate cavity in a refractory burner block. Each of the conduits are positioned in their respective cavity such that a substantially annular region is present between an outer surface of each conduit and its respective cavity. Each conduit inlet end extends through a respective plenum for receiving an ambient temperature fluid, the plenums adapted to pass the ambient temperature fluid into the respective annular regions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to apparatus and methods of supplying a diluted process gas into a diffusion furnace for forming an oxide layer on a substrate in the diffusion furnace. One or more inlet gases are supplied into a chamber, and are heated in the chamber to generate an oxidizing gas such as steam. A dilution gas is flowed through a dilution gas line which extends through the chamber to permit heating of the dilution gas by the heat in the chamber without mixing the dilution gas and the oxidizing gas in the chamber. The oxidizing gas and the heated dilution gas are mixed downstream of the chamber prior to entry into the diffusion furnace.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to apparatus and methods of supplying a diluted process gas into a diffusion furnace for forming an oxide layer on a substrate in the diffusion furnace. One or more inlet gases are supplied into a chamber, and are heated in the chamber to generate an oxidizing gas such as steam. A dilution gas is flowed through a dilution gas line which extends through the chamber to permit heating of the dilution gas by the heat in the chamber without mixing the dilution gas and the oxidizing gas in the chamber. The oxidizing gas and the heated dilution gas are mixed downstream of the chamber prior to entry into the diffusion furnace.

Abstract: A burner apparatus comprises a conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant and having outlet and inlet ends, and a conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel and having outlet and inlet ends. The conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel is substantially parallel to the conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant. The conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant is positioned substantially vertically above the conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel. The conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant and the conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel each are positioned within its own respective elongate cavity in a refractory burner block. Each of the conduits are positioned in their respective cavity such that a substantially annular region is present between an outer surface of each conduit and its respective cavity. Each conduit inlet end extends through a respective plenum for receiving an ambient temperature fluid, the plenums adapted to pass the ambient temperature fluid into the respective annular regions.

Abstract: An automated, computer-controlled landfill condensate injection system includes a pump that pumps condensate into a flare chamber at a pressure that is sufficiently high and through a nozzle that is configured to vaporize the condensate without requiring the use of high pressure air injected with the condensate. Secondary injection lines can also be provided that terminate in nozzles which are vertically staggered from each other along the chamber, to inject additional condensate into the flare and thus dispose of it at a higher rate depending on vaporization conditions. Computer-controlled valves can be provided in the lines for selectively opening and closing the lines.

Abstract: A regenerative burner or heat exchanger has a housing with a removable media bed, which can be removed from the housing for regeneration, replacement or other treatment of the media. A spare media bed can be prepared with new, renovated or otherwise treated media and ready to replace the bed in the heat exchanger with minimal delay. Another heat exchanger housing has a detachable lower section, containing heat exchange media, which can be moved for regeneration, replacement or other treatment of the media.

Abstract: A combustion control method for use in a catalytic combustion system having (a) a gaseous mixture inlet port, located at the upstream side of said catalytic combustion system, for the entrance of a fuel-air mixture; (b) an exhaust gas outlet port, located at the downstream side of said catalytic combustion system, for the exit of an exhaust gas; (c) a primary combustion chamber in which a catalyst body is disposed, said catalyst body being formed of a porous base material with numerous communicating holes that supports thereon an oxidation catalyst; (d) a secondary supply port, located downstream of said primary combustion chamber, for the supply of a gaseous mixture or air; and (e) a secondary combustion chamber located downstream of said secondary supply port; comprising such process that an excess air ratio of said primary combustion chamber is initially set above 1 and after the rate of combustion of said secondary combustion chamber exceeds a given level, combustion is made to take place, with the

Abstract: A burner apparatus comprises a conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant and having outlet and inlet ends, and a conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel and having outlet and inlet ends. The conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel is substantially parallel to the conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant. The conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant is positioned substantially vertically above the conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel. The conduit adapted to convey preheated oxidant and the conduit adapted to convey preheated fuel each are positioned within its own respective elongate cavity in a refractory burner block. Each of the conduits are positioned in their respective cavity such that a substantially annular region is present between an outer surface of each conduit and its respective cavity. Each conduit inlet end extends through a respective plenum for receiving an ambient temperature fluid, the plenums adapted to pass the ambient temperature fluid into the respective annular regions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a recombinant microorganism which expresses pyruvate decarboxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase, Klebsiella phospho-.beta.-glucosidase and Klebsiella (phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system) cellobiose-utilizing Enzyme II, wherein said phospho-.beta.-glucosidase and said (phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase) cellobiose-utilizing Enzyme II are heterologous to said microorganism and wherein said microorganism is capable of utilizing both hemicellulose and cellulose, including cellobiose, in the production of ethanol.

Abstract: An apparatus for introducing a high volume, low concentration non-condensable gas, which may contain sulfur into a chemical recovery steam generator furnace comprising: a plurality of gas inlet pipes, each gas inlet pipe having a source end and a nozzle end, in which the source end of the pipe is connected to a source of said high volume, low concentration non-condensable gas and the nozzle end of the pipe, which comprises a nozzle, vents to said chemical recovery steam generator furnace; a preheater positioned in close proximity to said pipe and upstream of said nozzle; a secondary air port with a source end and a furnace end, in which the source end of said port is connected to a source of such secondary air and the furnace end of said port vents to said chemical recovery steam generator furnace; wherein the area enclosed by said secondary air port is greater than the area of said nozzle and wherein said nozzle is positioned within the area enclosed by said secondary air port such that said pipe and said po

Abstract: A thermally insulating lining for the housing of the heater system ensures that on the outside of the heater system only low temperatures are reached which are not dangerous to operators in the vicinity of the engine. Combustion air duct means between an air preheater and a burner is formed by a large number of tubes arranged alongside each other in at least one row and along an inside wall of the combustion chamber. These tubes ensure that the flow state remains satisfactory and constant and they are substantially more durable than sheet metal duct means as used hitherto.

Abstract: A regenerative burner having heat storage units with combustion effluent/combustion air ducts therethrough, fuel intake means and a burner body, wherein the burner is designed to suppress NOx formation and to control flame shape and characteristic in the regenerative system during combustion. The regenerative burner may include a burner baffle, or may include a plurality of gas jets entrained in generally converging fashion for control of the flame characteristics and shape dispositive of NOx formation. The burner may provide for staged combustion, either by means of sequential fuel injection or sequential provision of combustion air, or the burner may depress NOx formation by vitiation of combustion air with products of combustion. The present regenerative burners suppress NOx formation yet preserve the remaining characteristic features of regenerative systems.

Abstract: A regenerative burner system comprises two burners alternately fired and each having an air and fuel supply thereto traversing separate heat exchangers. The arrangement is such that the hot gases exhausted from the furnace during firing of the one and the other burners traverse the heat exchangers associated with the other and the one burners, respectively, relinquishing heat thereto whereby both the fuel and the air supply to each burner extracts heat from its associated heat exchanger during the firing cycle of that burner. By heating both the fuel and the air input to the regenerative system, fuels of low calorific value, e.g. blast furnace gas or any gases low in or devoid of hydrocarbons may be efficiently utilized to provide a stable high temperature flame without the need for enrichment with `pilot` fuels.

Abstract: A method of combusting fuel in a furnace having a pair of regenerative burners, each burner having a combustion chamber and a regenerative bed having an exhaust means incorporated therewith introducing simultaneously into said combustion chamber of each burner approximately identical amounts of fuel and approximately identical amounts of oxidizing gases from at least two sources of oxidizing gases having different oxygen concentration to produce two approximately identical flame patterns directed toward the interior of said furnace; terminating the supply of fuel and said oxidizing gases to one of said burners to create a non-firing burner having a non-firing period while maintaining the production of a flame in the remaining burner to create a firing burner having a firing period; applying negative pressure to the exhaust end of the regenerative bed of said non-firing burner to initiate the exhausting of flue gases produced by said firing burner; alternating the introduction of fuel and at least one oxidizin

Abstract: A protruding mantle separates burner internals from the hot gasification environment. The mantle is cooled by at least one of the feedstreams. The lining can be made of ceramics such as silicon carbide and/or silicon nitride. In order to lower thermo-mechanical stress the lining is thin-walled.

Abstract: Apparatus for heating the fuel oil exiting from an oil supply tank and in the supply pipe leading to an oil burner furnace. The return oil line, from the pressure relief valve in the oil burner unit, is led to a coil fitted about the furnace stack leading from the oil burner furnace. The outlet of this heating coil is then led into a metal tempering box, mounted below the tank, through a pipe banded to the supply pipe so as to warm the oil in the supply pipe and the oil in the tempering box. Supply oil is fed from the oil supply tank into the tempering box, to mix with the heated oil in the tempering box, with the mixed warmed oil led from the tempering box into the supply pipe leading to the oil burner of the furnace.

Abstract: A heating system comprising the combination of storage vessels (10, 12) for conventional heating oil and waste oil, respectively, and in which the two storage vessels (10, 12) are effectively sealed apart, one from the other. At the initial stage of heating, conventional heating oil generates temperature of a predetermined amount and the waste oil from vessel (12) is thereafter utilized after having been heated either from a feedback of heat (26, 28) developed by the conventional heating oil from vessel (10) or by a separate electrical resistor element (133), such heating making the waste oil effective as a heating medium. The flows from the two storage vessels (10, 12) containing the waste oil and conventional oil, are pressure controlled (64, 84) so that relief pressure feedback (70, 82) is provided in each distribution network (14, 30).

Abstract: A combustion device of the type in which fuel is supplied in liquid phase through a "walking-stick" is improved by imparting a rotary movement to the air passing the "walking-stick". The fuel will form a film which is volatired and mixed so thoroughly with air that the temperature at the end of the "walking-stick" may be used as an indication of the prevailing proportion between the mass flows of supplied air and fuel.

Abstract: For use as a replacement for existing gas to burners, oil having an API gravity of about 10-80 is preheated and mixed with about 0.1 to 1 pound of steam per pound of oil, at a pressure of about 30-150 pounds per square inch gauge. The resulting mixture is heated to a temperature above the condensation temperature of the mixture, the temperature being approximately in the range of 450.degree.-800.degree. F. The mixture has flow properties which are essentially equivalent to those of gas under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. The mixture is delivered to the nozzle of the gas burner and is burned therein.An apparatus is provided for burning either oil or gas, and includes a gas burner having nozzle means for mixing air and gas, a gas conduit connected thereto, and an oil supply also connected to the burner, the oil supply being fed from an oil vaporizing apparatus as just described above.

Abstract: A premix-type gaseous fuel burning system for alternate or simultaneous combustion of low BTU gas and normal BTU gas comprises a gas supply means for providing both high BTU gas and low BTU gas at selected substantial velocity, and a burner tube for receiving said gas, whereby primary air is inducted into the burner tube and mixed with the gas flow. A burner head comprises a long narrow rectangular structure of tapered construction that is inserted upwardly into a corresponding rectangular opening in the floor of the furnace. The opening is also tapered in the same direction as the burner head, but with a selected annular spacing between the walls of the opening and the burner head. Means are provided for vertically adjusting the position of the burner head within the opening. Secondary combustion air is directed through the annular space between the burner head and the opening in the floor of a furnace.

Abstract: A combustion chamber with an evaporator that projects into the combustion zone of the flame tube and includes a coaxial channel and to which air and fuel are supplied separately; a deflection surface is thereby arranged at the end of the evaporator channel which deflects the fuel/air mixture on all sides essentially opposite to the main flow direction prevailing in the channel; an annular channel partly surrounding the evaporator channel adjoins the deflection surface which is in communication by way of discharge openings with a mixing zone disposed upstream of the combustion zone, as viewed in the main flow direction; the mixing zone is formed by an annular space between an outer wall of the evaporator and an intermediate wall of the flame tube, in which are arranged radial webs within a first and a second plane, whereby the discharge openings of the annular channel terminate between the radial webs.

Abstract: A combustion system and method for liquid fuels includes atomizing the liquid fuel, withdrawing heated air from an enclosure which is to be heated by the fuel, contacting the atomized liquid fuel with the heated air which is at a temperature sufficient to instantaneously vaporize the fuel and in a quantity sufficient to form a combustible mixture with the vaporized fuel, and burning the combustible mixture to heat the enclosure. In addition, a dual fuel system is disclosed which is capable of using either the aforementioned liquid fuel system and method or a natural gas combustible mixture.

Abstract: A gas combustion plant or apparatus comprising a combustion chamber, a burner for introducing the gas to the combustion chamber and a tubular heat exchanger for preheating the gas to be combusted, by heat exchange with the hot combustion gases. The burner and the tubular heat exchanger are combined in that the straight, parallel tubes are provided in a uniformly distributed pattern over the cross-section of one end portion of the combustion chamber. The end of the tubes adjacent the end of the combustion chamber are connected to an inlet for the gas to be combusted, which are accordingly introduced into the combustion chamber through the tubes at a high velocity creating a desired turbulence in the portion of the combustion chamber in front of the tube orifices.

Abstract: This invention combines specific new and novel equipment with the equipment of a conventional combustion system for the use of liquid fuel oil to create a new system which converts the liquid fuel into gas and operates as a gas burner rather than as a liquid oil burner. The new and novel equipment thermally cracks liquid hydrocarbons into gaseous hydrocarbons which have substantially lower molecular weights than the liquids from which they were cracked. In the system the burner apparatus itself is modified to burn gas rather than liquid. In this new system the fuel burned does not consist of vapors of the liquids supplied to it but instead operates on the products of decomposition derived from the liquids.