Abstract: Systems and methods to effectively sort calcined lime (quicklime) particles to produce products with more consistent size and burn time characteristics after the quicklime particles have been created and without the use of specialized additives. Specifically, such systems and methods sort the quicklime particles below a selected size into a softer burned and harder burned fraction based on their size. The fractions are burned in the kiln together and as a singular product, but can be classified from each other after calcining.

Abstract: In various implementations, a multi-burner head assembly may include a venturi inlet coupled to burner heads. The multi-burner head assembly may allow control of the flame profile generated by the assembly. For example, burner heads of the multi-burner head assembly may include different characteristics, such as height.

Abstract: In various implementations, a burner may include two venturi inlets coupled to one or more burner heads. The venturi inlets may be opposingly disposed. During use, fuel may be provided to the burner via the two venturi inlets and at least partially combusted proximate the burner heads.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a residual gas burner (13) for a fuel cell system (1) having to educt gas feeds (11, 12) for feeding an educt gas each to a combustion chamber (14) of the residual gas burner (13). An improved operation of the residual gas burner (13) is obtained when the educt gas feeds (11, 12) each comprise outlet openings (22, 27), wherein the outlet openings (22, 27) face the combustion chamber (14) and the outlet openings (22, 27) of one of the educt gas feeds (11, 12) face a first bottom surface (29) of the other educt gas feed (11, 12). In addition, the invention relates to a fuel cell system (1) having such a residual gas burner (13).

Abstract: A solid fuel burner and a combustion device using the solid fuel burner includes: a throat provided to the outer periphery of a fuel nozzle and injecting combustion gas into a furnace; a duct for delivering the combustion gas to the throat, the duct being provided with an inlet opening into which the gas is introduced from a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the nozzle and having a flow path formed so as to be bent at a right angle in the direction of the central axis of the nozzle; a damper provided in the duct; and a differential pressure detection device for detecting the difference between the pressure of the combustion gas flowing through the upstream portion of the duct and the pressure of the combustion gas flowing through the downstream portion of the duct. The damper is provided near and downstream of the inlet opening of the duct.

Abstract: A burner assembly for use adjacent an igniter element in a gas appliance includes a top plate configured to form the geometric top half of at least one burner, and a bottom plate configured to form the geometric bottom half of at least one burner. The top plate and the bottom plate are joined together to form a burner and a burner carryover. An igniter air shield extends from either the top plate or the bottom plate such that the igniter air shield diverts secondary combustion air flowing around the burner and the adjacent igniter element.

Abstract: A trapped vortex combustor includes a trapped vortex cavity having a first surface and a second surface. A plurality of fluidic mixers are disposed circumferentially along the first surface and the second surface of the trapped vortex cavity. At least one fluidic mixer includes a first open end receiving a first fluid stream, a coanda profile in the proximity of the first open end, a fuel plenum to discharge a fuel stream over the coanda profile, and a second open end for receiving the mixture of the first fluid stream and the fuel stream and discharging the mixture of the first fluid stream and the fuel stream in the trapped vortex cavity. The coanda profile is configured to enable attachment of the fuel stream to the coanda profile to form a boundary layer of the fuel stream and, to entrain the incoming first fluid stream to the boundary layer of the fuel stream to form a mixture of the first fluid stream and the fuel stream.

Abstract: The invention concerns a combustion method for industrial furnace comprising an arrangement of two substantially parallel and symmetrical burner assemblies (G, D). Each burner assembly comprises a fuel injector (10<SUB>G</SUB>, 10<SUB>D</SUB>) and three oxidant injectors (1<SUB>G</SUB>, 2<SUB>G</SUB>, 3<SUB>G</SUB>, 1<SUB>D</SUB>, 2<SUB>D</SUB>, 3<SUB>D</SUB>) arranged at increasing distances from the fuel injector. An oxidant supply system cyclically distributes a specific flow of oxidant among some at least of the second and third injectors of the burner assemblies (2<SUB>G</SUB>, 3<SUB>G</SUB>, 2<SUB>D</SUB>, 3<SUB>D</SUB>). The amount of nitrogen monoxide produced upon combustion is thus reduced, while ensuring a good distribution of the heating power in the furnace.

Abstract: A gas burner for low NOx gas furnaces is disclosed with improved flame carryover for igniting one or more adjacent burners. The burner includes a burner tube that receives a mixture of fuel and air. The burner tube is coupled to an outlet. The outlet includes a primary outlet opening which is in communication with at least one transverse slot for communicating a flame to at least one adjacent burner. The primary outlet opening may be elliptical and the outlet further may also include a concave outer face through which the primary outlet opening extends. The at least one slot may include a pair of oppositely directed transverse slots extending outward from the primary outlet opening along a semi-minor axis of the primary outlet opening.

Abstract: A computer-controlled matrix of pixels that emit bursts of fire in a controlled manner to create moving images and text on a plane in front of the matrix. The unit houses a number of pixels in a grid array, with each pixel associated with a solenoid gas valve. The valves are supplied by a main gas bus and when actuated release gas to an individual pixel, where it flows out and over a constantly burning pilot light and combusts. The valves are connected through a main circuit box to a computer, and are controlled by software that allows the user to script and play complex graphical animations, musical compositions, scrolling text, as well as real-time graphical response to specific user inputs.

Abstract: A system when installed in-line with a pollution source provides reduction and/or complete combustion of harmful emissions generated there from. Such emissions including (but not limited to) compounds such as oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, odors, organic and inorganic particulates. The pollution source can be of any type, such as smoke from a smokestack, engine exhaust, etc. The re-burner system is of very simple construction, is extremely energy efficient and does not require any moving parts or maintenance, respectively.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor has a combustion chamber into which fuel and air are supplied, wherein the fuel and the air are supplied into said combustion chamber as a plurality of coaxial jets.

Abstract: A pyrolysis heater particularly for the cracking of hydrocarbons in the production of olefins has a burner arrangement in the firebox which includes staged combustion low NOx hearth burners firing upwardly in the firebox adjacent to the walls. Wall stabilizing gas fuel injection tips, located at an elevation above the hearth burners, inject fuel upwardly between the walls and the flame from the hearth burners. This prevents rollover of the flame onto the process heater coil and overheating of the coil.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for providing controlled heat to a process utilizing a flameless distributed combustion.

Abstract: A multiple-flame lighter, including: a lighter housing, a storage having an outlet valve, an inlet valve and a gas chamber for storing liquid fuel gas, a gas outlet control bar for controlling gas supply from said storage, and a windproof assembly connected to the gas pass of the storage, characterized in that it also includes: an electronic igniter, a flint igniter, an ignition controller, wherein between the sleeve and the windproof assembly there is provided with a flint igniter which is adjacent to the sleeve and a flame outlet which is connected to the gas pass of the storage. The single one lighter is simple in structure and may achieve powerful windproof effect and has advantages of long time service life, luminous application and less heat generation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for injecting a liquid fuel into a pressurized air flow (7), in particular for a combustion chamber, comprising a hollow cylindrical body (10) of longitudinal axis (YY′) delimiting a substantially cylindrical central volume (11), fluid veins (12) substantially radial in relation to the longitudinal axis of body (10) and arranged on the periphery of said body to allow passage of said flow, and axial fuel injection pipes (5) arranged inside said fluid veins and connected to at least one fuel inlet (3) by at least one supply point (16). According to the invention, pipes (5) are pierced with openings (9) that open onto central volume (11) of said body (10) and which are oriented substantially in the direction of the flow in fluid veins (12).

Abstract: The invention relates to an equipment to be used in a gas-fired water heater which equipment contains a combustion chamber (2) and a heat exchanger (1). Accordingly the combustion chamber (2) is made of a ceramic material and provided with slots (3) for crossing the heating elements (4) of the heat exchanger (1) through the opposite walls (5,6) of the combustion chamber (2).

Abstract: An air-oxygen hydrogen sulphide burner (108) fires into a furnace (102). The burner comprises a main passage for combustion-supporting gas containing air (112), a multiplicity of spaced apart outer elongate fluid-conducting open ended tubes extending in parallel with each other along the main passage, each of the outlet tubes surrounding at least at the distal end of the burner a respective inner elongate fluid-conducting open ended tube, the inner tubes extending in parallel with one another, a first inlet to the burner for oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, and a second inlet to the burner for feed gas containing hydrogen sulphide, the first inlet communicating with the inner tubs, and the second inlets communicating with the outer tubes.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for providing controlled heat to a process utilizing a flameless distributed combustion.

Abstract: A burner and method for reducing NOx emissions from process heaters, boilers, and other heating systems having flue gases present therein. The inventive burner and method preferably involve the single stage combustion of fuel gas which is ejected outside of a burner wall in free jet flow such that at least a portion of the flue gas is entrained in the fuel gas as it travels to a combustion zone at the forward end of the burner wall. Air or other oxygen-containing gas is preferably delivered to the combustion zone via an interior passageway. The inventive burner preferably comprises a plurality of ejectors positioned outside of the burner wall and preferably also comprises one or more exterior impact structures positioned to assist in further mixing the flue gas with the fuel.

Abstract: A gas control assembly for a forced air furnace which includes a support frame having a top surface and two contiguous side walls which define an enclosure. A planar one piece burner assembly which has a plurality of burners and having two opposite side edges with one edge containing indexing means is positioning in a predetermined location within the enclosure of the support frame. A elongated gas manifold having a closed end and an open end which is configured to mate with the burner assembly to provide a source of combustible fuel to each of said burners is connected in fixed engagement to the support frame at its closed end through a hole in one side of said support frame and by a bracket at the open end which is attached to the other side of said support frame. The side walls of the support frame also contain slots which mate with edges of the burner assembly to provide for proper alignment of the burner assembly.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion chamber of a furnace or boiler are presented, the combustion normally using only air as an oxidant, part of the air entering the combustion chamber through one or more burners, and a remaining portion of air entering the combustion chamber at a plurality of locations downstream of the burners. The methods comprise injecting oxygen-enriched gas through a plurality of lances into the combustion chamber at a plurality of downstream locations, the oxygen-enriched gas injected at a velocity ranging from subsonic to supersonic, and the oxygen-enriched gas being present in an amount sufficient to provide an oxygen concentration of no more than 2% on a volume basis greater than when air is used alone as oxidant.

Abstract: A burner that utilizes venturi action for induction of combustion air. The action of the venturi draws in surrounding air present around the nozzle to supply the necessary combustion air, provide forward moment to the burning gases to distribute their heat, and control the location of the heat release. The burner can thus be used to accomplish fuel gas injection directly into the combustion chamber of an oxidizer, and does not require a separate gas train or suffer from the other various drawbacks typical of conventional fuel gas injection systems. A stable flame is generated, and efficient heat-up accomplished. No extra combustion air is necessary.

Abstract: In a burner for operating a heat generator, which burner essentially comprises a swirl generator (100), a transition piece (200) arranged downstream of the swirl generator, and a mixing tube (20), transition piece (200) and mixing tube (20) form the mixing section of the burner, this mixing section being arranged upstream of a combustion space (30). In the region of the tangential combustion-air-directing inflow ducts (101b-104b), fuel-directing ducts (121-124), the cross section of flow of which is designed for a low-calorific fuel (116), extend along the swirl generator (100). The fuel-directing ducts (121-124) end at a distance upstream of the transition of the tangential inflow ducts (101b-104b) into an interior space of the swirl generator (100), whereby partial mixing between the two media (115, 117) takes place before the mixture flows into the interior space (118). In addition, this setting-back provides sufficient space for other fuel-directing lines (111-114) in this region.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x burner includes a refractory lined plate with a refractory side facing a combustion chamber. A multiplicity of combustion air passages extend through the plate toward the combustion chamber. A multiplicity of spaced-apart primary fuel nozzles each have a discharge opening being surrounded by one of the combustion air passages for directing fuel therethrough to mix with combustion air passing through the air passages. A multiplicity of anchor fuel nozzles project through the plate for directing fuel into the combustion chamber. The anchor fuel nozzles are spaced apart from each other and from the combustion air passages. The flows of fuel and combustion air through the primary and anchor nozzles and the air passages into the combustion chamber are controlled to generate a flame. In applications that require low excess air, such as boiler applications, the burner is modified by providing a secondary fuel and flue gas injection assembly to form a two-stage burner.

Abstract: A cell arrangement for the electrolysis of water to liberate hydrogen and oxygen gases is described. A cell unit (125) has a stacked arrangement of segmentation disks (114), a first type of (anode) cell plates (90), a second type of (cathode) cell plates (98) and separation membranes (116). Interconnecting conductive shafts (126-131) pass through holes (100,102) of the cell plates (90,98) to have selective electrical interconnection therewith. Water and electrolyte is supplied by inlet ports (108,110) to immerse the cell plates (90,98). The membranes (116) normally isolate adjacent cathode and anode plates (90,98) from the mixing of liberated oxygen and hydrogen gases whilst allowing ionic current flow. By selective adjustment of the water/electrolyte pressure differential on respective sides of the separation membranes (116), admixture of the liberated gases can be produced. The liberated gases discharge by outlet ports (104,106).

Abstract: A combustion burner comprises: an air supply passage for supplying an air to a heating furnace; a primary fuel nozzle for supplying a primary fuel to the air supply passage; secondary fuel nozzles arranged around the air supply port of the air supply passage; and the secondary fuel nozzles being arranged so that a distance L (mm) from an outer periphery of the air supply port to the outer periphery of the secondary fuel supply port is larger than the diameter Da (mm) of the air supply port. A combustion method comprises: injecting fuel substantially from the primary fuel nozzle when an infurnace temperature of the heating furnace is lower than a fuel ignition temperature; and injecting fuel substantially from the secondary fuel nozzle when an infurnace temperature of the heating furnace is higher than a fuel ignition temperature.

Abstract: A method for operating a furnace comprising generating NOx at a first NOx generation rate by combustion at a distance from the flue of the furnace and generating NOx at a second NOx generation rate, which is less than the first NOx generation rate, by combustion closer to the flue, and thereafter passing the NOx through the interior of the furnace to and through the flue while both the NOx generated by the first rate and the NOx generated by the second rate dynamically progress toward equilibrium.

Abstract: For reducing pollutant generation in a tangentially fired furnace, a method and apparatus for modification of a main air-fuel compartment. An extender dish for mounting on the discharge face of the compartment has a wide projection to extend across the discharge face half portion closer to the axis of the fireball in the furnace firing chamber and a narrow projection to extend across the discharge face half portion further from the fireball axis. Preferably a flow restricting plate is also provided to extend across a part of the discharge face portion closer to the axis of the fireball. These air restricting means cause a portion of the combustion air from the main air-fuel compartment discharge face to be directed outside the fireball therein reducing oxygen concentration and flame temperature thereby lowering pollutant generation.

Abstract: In an injection nozzle for introducing fuels into compressed gaseous media, for use in premixing burners for example, the injection nozzle (1) consists primarily of a fuel conduit (2) and a passage branching off from the fuel conduit. The fuel conduit (2) extends lengthwise essentially at right angles to the direction of introduction of the fuel and the passage extends parallel to the direction of introduction of the fuel. The fuel is fed via slots (6) in the fuel conduit and by means of the passage to an atomization edge (5). The inside of the passage is made up of distribution panels (3) between which distribution pins (4) are arranged.

Abstract: A burner system for a furnace includes horizontal rows of cell burners some of which contain a secondary air port vertically spaced from a coal nozzle. The cell burners are in the front and rear walls of the furnace. Near the side walls of the furnace, which are connected between the front and rear walls, additional double-burner cells are provided which include a pair of vertically spaced coal nozzles or burners. Either a single lower row or a lower and upper row of cell burners include the double-burner cells at the side walls. The double cell burners are operated at 1.0 or higher throat stoichiometry. This reduces corrosion at the side walls while only slightly increasing NO.sub.x emission.

Abstract: A secondary air distribution for a furnace in which an housing is provided for receiving air and a set of dividers are located in the housing for dividing the air passing through the housing into a plurality of streams. A set of dampers are disposed in the housing and are located relative to the dividers for controlling the flow of each of said streams. Additional dividers are provided for splitting each of the streams of air flow and an additional set of dampers are disposed in the housing and are positioned relative to the additional dividers for controlling the flow of each of the split stream portions to the modules.

Abstract: In a gas-fired furnace of the type having a manifold assembly, comprising a gas valve, a manifold, orifices extending from the manifold and located on a common line, and a gas control assembly having a burner box compartment, the improvement comprises an apparatus for attaching a manifold assembly to the burner box compartment. The apparatus comprises a plurality of brackets, each bracket being affixed to the manifold at a position essentially 180.degree. from the common line of orifices, and essentially perpendicular to the common line; each end of the bracket is retained near opposite side of the opening of the burner box compartment, and one end of each bracket is affixed to the side wall of the burner box.

Abstract: A low NO.sub.x burner system for a furnace having spaced apart front and rear walls, comprises a double row of cell burners on each of the front and rear walls. Each cell burner is either of the inverted type with a secondary air nozzle spaced vertically below a coal nozzle, or the non-inverted type where the coal nozzle is below the secondary air port. The inverted and non-inverted cells alternate or are provided in other specified patterns at least in the lower row of cells. A small percentage of the total air can be also provided through the hopper or hopper throat forming the bottom of the furnace, or through the boiler hopper side walls. A shallow angle impeller design also advances the purpose of the invention which is to reduce CO and H.sub.2 S admissions while maintaining low NO.sub.x generation.

Abstract: A burner has first and second nozzles communicated with a combustion chamber and defined in a wall structure surrounding the combustion chamber. The first and second nozzles are opposed to each other and positioned adjacent an exit opening of a fuel supply passage that is defined in the wall structure. The burner also has first and second secondary air supply ports defined in the wall structure adjacent the exit of the combustion chamber in opposition to each other.

Abstract: A burner suitable for use in conjunction with an air heater. The burner has a burner plate including a plurality of slots. The burner plate slots are aligned with and spaced from fuel supply tubes. The tubes have spaced apart orifices that discharge fuel gas in conical patterns and direct the gas jets through the slots in the burner plate and into the combustion chamber downstream from the burner. A baffle plate is positioned above the fuel supply tubes and extends across an air supply plenum. The baffle plate includes air discharge orifices through which the air from the plenum enters the burner in substantially uniform flow. The baffle plate orifices direct the air toward the burner plate for cooling. The air heated by the burner plate eventually flows toward and through the burner plate slots where it forms a layer between the fuel gas jets and the perimetrical surfaces and edges of the burner plate slots and, thus, maintains the fuel gas spaced from these surfaces and edges.

Abstract: A fuel fire burner has a plenum chamber to which fuel and air are supplied. One of the walls of the plenum chamber is generally flat and has a plurality of substantially rectangular slots extending therethrough, the slots serving as combustion ports for the fuel. The wall also has an integral rim extending therefrom on a side thereof opposite the plenum chamber.

Abstract: A furnace and burner construction and method of burning fuel therein. The furnace housing has an end wall and side walls extending generally perpendicularly from the end wall and defining a furnace interior. One or more air supply ports open axially thereof through the end wall, and at least one fuel supply port opens axially thereof through the end wall and is spaced from the air supply port or ports. The air supply port is spaced from the side walls. When generally conical surfaces of jets of fuel and air are injected into the interior of the furnace through the air supply port or ports and the fuel supply port for carrying out burning of the fuel, recirculating currents of combustion products from the burning of the fuel are formed in the space between the jets and the side walls or between the jets themselves to lower the temperature of the burning.

Abstract: A fuel-fired burner of the gas-fired fully premixed type comprises a plenum chamber 2 formed by walls 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, the wall 11 having an inlet port 4 to enable the plenum chamber 2 to receive a mixture of gas and air from a mixing chamber 3 and the wall 5 comprising a plate having therein several through-going rectangular slots 6 which communicate with the chamber 2. The mixing chamber 3 has an inlet end 15 for connection to a source of pressurized air and a further inlet opening 17 in a wall 13 formed with a stub pipe 18 by means of which the chamber 3 can be connected to a source of fuel gas.

Abstract: A burner includes a number of flame ports each having a fuel supply passage and provided on a pair of opposite walls of a combustion chamber such that each of the walls and the fuel supply passages define a cooling passage. In the burner, a wide stable flame region is achieved at a high excess air ratio, the amount of NOx produced is reduced and backfire is prevented by cooling the fuel supply passages. Furthermore, a flame area per unit area of each flame port is increased such that the burner can effect high-load combustion.

Abstract: A pulverized fuel firing apparatus comprises a first pulverized fuel injection compartment so constructed that the combined amount of primary air and secondary air to be consumed is less than the theoretical amount of air required for the combustion of the pulverized fuel to be fed as mixed with the primary air to a furnace, a second pulverized fuel injection compartment so constructed that the combined primary and secondary air amount is substantially equal to the theoretical air for the pulverized fuel to be fed together with the primary air, and a supplementary air compartment for injecting supplementary air into the furnace. The three compartments are arranged close to one another and control the NOx production upon combustion of the pulverized fuel.

Abstract: A dual flow distribution header system in which the flow is divided into two paths before the distribution header but after a metering device. The flow is controlled by separate butterfly valves in each path, whereby the control function is magnified and becomes more precise in each path. The invention is particularly adapted for use with industrial heating furnaces employing dual burner systems.

Abstract: A transverse-burner recuperative furnace for glass making, which comprises burner blocks of which the inner aperture, of generally elongate rectangular shape, exhibits a first portion of constant cross-section extending from the rear face of the burner block, and a second portion progressively flaring upwards and downwards to the front face of the burner block, such second portion exhibiting an angle of flare .alpha. of not more than 15.degree., and the cumulated total length of these apertures representing at least 0.65 times the distance between the extreme burner blocks.

Abstract: In a method for the ignition of a fuel dust power burner, in which the ignition energy is provided by a fuel dust pilot burner, for example for the ignition of a coal dust burner with a coal dust igniting flame, the ignition performance of the igniting flame is not adequate in some cases. In order to increase the ignition performance, so as also to be able to ignite the flames of high-powered power burners, it is proposed that, after ignition of the igniting flame to which coal dust and air are supplied by respective tube, a mixture of additional igniting coal dust supplied by way of a further tube and air is conducted to this flame by way of the power fuel dust tube, and then the power fuel dust is supplied along the power fuel dust tube.

Abstract: The present invention consists of a forge for heating horseshoes or the like to enable a blacksmith to shape and form metal objects. The forge or oven includes a gas burner which is positioned to maximize the heating capabilities of the oven while utilizing a minimum of gas fuel.

Abstract: A multiple fuel burning system that may be employed in conjunction with a furnace includes a first annular tubular conduit connected to a source of pressurized fluid and a second annular conduit concentric with the first annular tubular conduit and coupled to a source of pressurized fuel. A third annular tubular conduit is also included that is concentric with the first and second tubular conduits but of a lesser diameter so as to be within the first and second annular tubular conduits. The third annular tubular conduit is connected to a source of heat retaining liquid such as water or the like. The first, second and third tubular conduits define an elongated combustion chamber with three nozzles mounted at one end. Two of the three nozzles are connected to a source of combustible fuel such as fuel oil. The third nozzle may be connected to a source of pulverized combustible fuel.

Abstract: A linear capillary orifice injector for producing a chemical reaction in a combustion chamber is disclosed. The orifices are judiciously arranged to form a discrete pattern for achieving a high degree of shear mixing while attaining a uniform temperature and species profile particularly necessary for chemical lasers.

Abstract: A combination gas and oil burner is disclosed for heating a radiant wall in a reforming furnace for petroleum refinery processes or the like to provide heat for radiation by the wall and in which oil, gas, or both fuels, may be employed, the burners being readily removable for inspection and maintenance, and in which operation can be effected with one fuel with the apparatus for the other fuel being removed without shutting down the operation, and with greater stability attained by surrounding the flame passageways with refractory faces.

Abstract: Method and burner apparatus for burning fuels wherein an air-fuel premixture of a low fuel concentration formed by premixing a fuel with combustion air in an amount larger than the theoretical air amount necessary for combustion of said fuel is fed and burnt in a combustion zone, and simultaneously, a fuel and combustion air in an amount smaller than the theoretical air amount necessary for combustion of said fuel are fed separately and burnt in the vicinity of said combustion zone or an air-fuel premixture formed by premixing a fuel with a part of combustion air supplied in said amount and the remainder of said combustion air are fed separately in the vicinity of said combustion zone.