Abstract: A device is disclosed for monitoring an ethylene oxide sterilization process in which 100% ethylene oxide is utilized as the sterilant comprising a wick impregnated with an ethylene oxide responsive chemical compound, a quantifier and a pH sensitive dye; an ethylene oxide impervious backing strip upon which the wick is mounted; and a cover strip having an ethylene oxide impervious film. The backing and cover strip are adhered to one another, and in intimate contact with and sealed to the wick. At least one of the cover strip and backing strip having a centrally located perforation through which the ethylene oxide sterilant can access the wick.

Abstract: Pressure variation of combustion noise is detected by a microphone set in a combustion chamber, and the pressure propagation characteristic for the path from the gas flow control valve to the microphone is identified while the combustion apparatus is operating, and then an adaptive control is made using one signal detected by an microphone and the other signal produced by passing the signal of the microphone through a filter, and then a corrected anti-phase signal of a combustion noise is computed by the coefficient updating circuit, and the computed result is inputted to a gas flow control valve.

Abstract: A method of recovering energy and chemicals from a spent liquor which, after thickening to a dry content of 50-90%, is fed into a reaction chamber (1) in which a plurality of temperature zones are maintained, said method comprising the steps of (a) converting the liquid phase in the spent liquor to a steam phase, (b) thermally decomposing the spent liquor to form gaseous organic substances and solid and/or molten organic and inorganic substances, (c) reducing and (d) oxidizing said substances produced during the thermal decomposition, oxygen or oxygen-containing gas being supplied to the reaction chamber (1) in a controlled amount in order to maintain the reactions, which comprise combustion of organic substances, and a bed of said solid and/or molten substances being formed in a lower temperature zone in the reaction chamber (1). According to the invention said steps are carried out during exposure to low frequency sound.

Abstract: An improved technique for the active control of various combustion devices. This improved technique employs a flame kernel pulse actuator which produces periodic flame kernels by a spark ignition of a stoichiometric air and fuel mixture upstream of the combustion chamber. The discrete flame kernels are convected in a duct of premixed fuel and air which produce discrete pressure oscillations due to the energy release as each discrete flame propagates. Because the source of the energy release is essentially a chemical reaction, the flame kernel pulse actuator is able to produce a substantial amount of energy release even at the high operating pressures which are often encountered in many operational environments. These pressure oscillations may be adjusted to suppress or augment any combustion induced pressure oscillations as well as act to modulate the mixing layer between the fuel and air, thus controlling the downstream combustion process.

Abstract: A propane heater suitable for orchards, having a cylindrical combustion chamber and an exhaust tube which extends from one end thereof, the exhaust tube being substantially longer than the combustion chamber. A fuel inlet is located in the cylindrical surface of the combustion chamber at the other end thereof, at approximately 30.degree. from top dead center thereof. An ignition and air supply tube is located approximately 80.degree.-110.degree. circumferentially away from the fuel inlet, past the top dead center of the chamber.

Abstract: A pulsating combustor includes a combustion chamber having a hollow cylindrical form and a tailpipe having a similar hollow cylindrical form, such that the internal chambers are annular in section. Air and fuel are admitted to the combustion chamber and pulsating combustion is initiated, with exhaust gases being removed from the tailpipe. A water jacket is defined both inside and outside the pulsating combustor, with water being moved from one to the other as it is being warmed. Fuel is preferably admitted along needles or short pipes which are such as to have a natural resonant frequency which is a small number multiple of the natural resonant frequency of the combination of the combustion chamber and the tailpipe. Preferred frequencies are 440 cps for the combination combustion chamber and tailpipe, and 1320 cps for the fuel delivery needle or pipe.

Abstract: In a metal-brazing pulse burner, a gas/air mixing pipe being comprised of a pipe member having a diameter larger than those of a combustion air supply pipe and a mixed gas supply pipe, and an air injection nozzle connected to the combustion air supply pipe to project therefrom along a central line of the pipe member, the nozzle having an injection opening at its tip end which opening is located nearby an opening of the combustion gas supply pipe opened at a sidewall of the pipe member, thereby a gas in the combustion gas supply pipe is drawn and supplied by air flow injected from the air injection nozzle. With this arrangement, a pilot flame is not blown off and quenched, and a stable pulse combustion can always be conducted.

Abstract: A method of continuously modulating a fluid flow rate by means of an electrically controlled sequential valve, consisting in reciprocating the electrically controlled valve provided in a passageway conveying the fluid towards an apparatus to be fed therewith, between a position opening and a position closing said passageway, the frequency of the displacements towards either one of the valve positions being constant whereas the period of holding of the valve in the other position varies in accordance with the flow rate to be obtained, the method being applicable to the adjustement of the flow rate of a fluid such as a gas for a cooking apparatus for instance.

Abstract: An electric control system for a pulse combustion device of the type which includes a combustion chamber mounted within a liquid vessel of a liquid heating apparatus, fuel and air inlet valves arranged to supply a mixture of fuel and air into the combustion chamber, a tailpipe connected at one end thereof to an exhaust port of the combustion chamber to take place therein resonant combustion of the mixture of fuel and air and immersed in an amount of liquid stored in the vessel, and an electrically operated air intake blower arranged to supply fresh air into the combustion chamber through the air inlet valve.

Abstract: A burner or torch system for mixing fuel with air and includes a fluid oscillator for forming a jet or sheet of fuel and oscillating the jet in ambient air downstream of the fluid oscillator. This mixes air with fuel and achieves a combustible mixture a distance spaced from any physical structure of the burner or torch whereby a flame front of burning combustible mixture has a shape and distance from the fluid oscillator which is determined by the sweep angle, wave pattern and frequency of the fluid oscillator. Various forms of fluidic oscillators are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved valve-less pulse combustor including a plurality of combustion systems and one common air supply system, wherein the air supply system includes an air supply controller which interferes with air supply to a combustion system under non-combustion conditions so as to effectively prevent a cooking medium in a tank of the combustion system from being cooled by the air supplied. The air supply controller may be a solenoid valve or a damper using a solenoid or a motor as a driving source.

Abstract: An improved cooking apparatus or cooker which heats and cooks food items in a cooking liquid medium by effectively controlling the temperature of the liquid medium. The cooker starts forcible combustion irrespective of the temperature of the liquid medium detected by a temperature sensor when the operator presses a forcible combustion switch. This system minimizes a time lag between placing food items into the cooking liquid medium and start of combustion, which is attributable to the uneven temperature distribution and convection of the cooking liquid medium, thus efficiently reducing undesirable temperature drop of the cooking liquid medium due to cold food items. Alternatively, the cooker determines presence of food items in the cooking liquid medium according to the downward slope in temperature instead of a press of the forcible combustion switch and automatically starts forcible combustion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a relatively compact-sized pulse combustor which efficiently reduces an undesirable explosion and combustion noise without any bulky muffler. In the pulse combustor of the invention, a compensating sound is generated in an exhaust conduit synchronously with pulsative explosion and combustion. The compensating sound has a sound pressure identical with that of a noise in the exhaust conduit but a phase opposite to that of the noise, thus effectively compensating the noise in the exhaust conduit and efficiently reducing the noise from an exhaust outlet.

Abstract: A process and reactor for recovering energy and chemicals from spent liquor obtained in pulp production by thermal decomposing the spent liquor are described, said decomposing being carried out in a reactor at a pressure of from atmospheric pressure up to 150 bar and at a temperature of 500.degree.-1500.degree. C. so that a gas and solid and/or molten inorganic material are formed, said gas being rich in energy to be used as fuel or being useful as raw material for chemical production. According to the invention the thermal decomposition of the spent liquor is carried out during exposure to low frequency sound and without or with simultaneously supply of oxygen or a gas containing oxygen in an amount below that stoichiometrically required for complete oxidation of the substances formed at the thermal decomposition. The reactor comprises at least one sound generator arranged to generate low frequency sound in the reactor.

Abstract: An apparatus and process using a pulse combustor to atomize a liquid or slurry is provided. The apparatus includes a pulse combustor for generating a stream of atomization fluid and an oscillating flow field and introduction apparatus for introducing to the influence of the oscillating stream of atomization fluid a liquid or slurry to be atomized. Furthermore, an improved pulse combustion atomizer employing a T-shaped burner is provided.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for actively controlling a combustion process such as a waste incinerator by means of a spatial and temporal synchronized injection of fuel. The improved method and apparatus employs an active control system which controls the intentional formation of large scale, coherent vortices and the synchronized injection of the fuel supply at various locations relative to the formation of the vortices. The preferred apparatus comprises an actuator or similar structure that is adapted for producing and stabilizing discrete, large scale vortices in a combustion device. In addition, another device controls or modulates the injection of the fuel into the vortices at the optimal location and timing relative to the vortex cycle. As applied to an incinerator, this method can be optimized to ensures that the fuel and waste are introduced into the highest temperature locations, were extended residence times are obtained by trapping the fuel and waste inside the vortices.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to devices designed for the combustion of liquid fuels and specifically to an improved apparatus for burning high-viscosity and waste oil. The subject invention utilizes a piston mechanism to transport fuel from its source to the subject burner. The piston mechanism, in conjunction with a pressure-sensitive valve device, also pressurizes the fuel to a predetermined level before releasing said fuel through a nozzle for pressurized dispersion atomization. The piston speed and stroke length can be adjusted in order to regulate fuel flow. After emission from the nozzle, the atomized fuel encounters a single-spark ignition device to induce flame. The atomized fuel and flame produced is enveloped by a unique retention head designed to promote complete fuel combustion and protect the burner chamber from over-heating.

Abstract: In order to obtain good efficiency of a pulse combustion apparatus, an ignition plug is protected to extend its life span by way of controlling the rotation of the ground electrode at the wall face of a combustion chamber wherein 100.degree..about.200.degree. C. may be reduced from a conventional temperature of 900.degree. C. at the ground electrode in the ignition plug.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for removal of particulates entrained in a gas stream are provided. The removal process employs a pulse combustor to provide an acoustic pressure wave to acoustically enhance agglomeration of particulates which may be collected and removed using a conventional separation apparatus. The apparatus may be employed as a direct fired system for improved operation of gas-operated equipment such as a gas turbine, or may, alternatively, be employed as an add-on subsystem for combustion exhaust clean-up. Additionally, added particulates may include a sorbent for effecting sorption of other contaminants such as sulfur. Various other particulates for contaminant removal may also be introduced into the system as exemplified by alkali-gettering agents.

Abstract: Oil pollution floating on a body of water is abated or contained by a fire fence generated by a series of devices which are interconnected by cables and anchored to form a barrier line. Each device comprises a buoy connected to a depending, negatively-buoyant tank of pressurized combustion gas and a burner nozzle disposed for providing a pilot flame near the water's surface to ignite an oil slick thereon. The pilot flame Way be controlled to sustain combustion of the floating oil and dissipation of same.

Abstract: A pulse combustor ignitor comprising a small combustion chamber located external to the pulse combustion chamber. A spark ignition source such as a spark plug is associated with the chamber and separate inlets for fuel and air are provided. The fuel/air mixture is ignited by the spark plug and the ignited mixture is directed into the combustion chamber of the pulse combustor until a steady state operation of the pulse combustor is achieved. An air preheater may be used for the air delivered to the ignitor combustion chamber. The flow pattern of the fuel/air mixture and the flame may be controlled by an adjustable passage element located between the respective ignitor and pulse combustor combustion chambers. A flame scanner positioned external to the pulse combustor may be used to sense the entrance of the ignited mixture from the ignitor into the pulse combustor.

Abstract: In at least one of the ducts for feeding a fuel and an oxidant to a burner, a device for flow pulsation is provided to cause in the duct a pulsation of the flow of fluid which is fed at a frequency lower than 3 Hz, typically lower than 1 Hz. Application for example to oxycombustible burners of industrial furnaces having high yield and low emission of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: An orchard heater including a base and a pulse-jet engine rotatably mounted on the base. The pulse-jet engine exhausts a heated moisture-laden exhaust stream through an exhaust tube. The exhaust stream is directed tangentially to create a torque which automatically rotates the pulse-jet and causes lateral omnidirectional dispersion of the exhaust stream. The orchard heater utilizes the energy released from the combustion process to rotate the pulse-jet engine and to vaporize and atomize water.

Abstract: In order to obtain good efficiency of a pulse combustion apparatus, an ignition plug is protected to extend the life span by way of discharging high heat from the plug top in good balance to the combustion chamber, in which a structure of the chamber wall is reformed with respect to the partial wall for receiving the plug screwed therein.

Abstract: A burner and burner firing method and system for a furnace combustion chamber in which a burner, having an ignition chamber for discharging an ignited combustible mixture of primary air and fuel into the furnace combustion chamber, and a plurality of nozzle ports for directing a high velocity stream of secondary air into the furnace combustion chamber in a direction generally parallel to the direction of flow from said ignition chamber, is operated in a first mode at furnace combustion chamber temperatures up to a transitional temperature by accelerating a burning mixture of fuel and air to moderately high velocities into the furnace combustion chamber, and in a second mode at furnace combustion temperatures above said transitional temperature by introducing a relatively low velocity stream of fuel mixed with a minor amount of air needed for stoichiometric combustion and accelerating a separate stream of air to high velocities into the furnace combustion chamber for mixture with said low velocity stream downs

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved fryer apparatus including a small size pulse combustor and an additional labor-saved function such as a filtering system or a lift system. The pulse combustor of the invention does not include a check valve or flapper valve for preventing back flow of combustion exhaust in an air supply system. This valve-free structure of the pulse combustor allows sufficient noise reduction without any silence or muffler and makes a free space for the filtering system or the lift system.

Abstract: A pulsed atmospheric fluidized bed reactor system is disclosed and claimed along with a process for utilization of same for the combustion of, e.g. high sulfur content coal. The system affords a economical, ecologically acceptable alternative to oil and gas fired combustors. The apparatus may also be employed for endothermic reaction, combustion of waste products, e.g., organic and medical waste, drying materials, heating air, calcining and the like.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recirculating flue gas in either a vertical or a horizontal pulse combustor which is dedicated to deliberate one-stage pulse combustion. At least one combustion chamber wall defines a mixing region and a combustion chamber which is adjacent the mixing region. A fuel inlet conduit or a fuel/air inlet conduit is used to supply fuel into the mixing region. An air inlet conduit or a fuel/air inlet conduit is used to supply air into the mixing region. Air valves are in communication with the fuel inlet conduit, the air inlet conduit and/or the fuel/air inlet conduit. An ignition source is positioned within with mixing region for igniting the air/fuel mixture and beginning the pulse combustion process. An exhaust system removes flue gas containing products of pulse combustion. A portion of the flue gas produced during pulse combustion is then recirculated to the mixing region.

Abstract: A three-chambered combustion burner is provided with a seed fuel under pressure to burn simultaneously injected waste products such as incompletely combusted exhaust fumes or air entrained combustible solid waste. An explosive mixture is provided in a first chamber and ignited. The heated and pressurized gas products are ejected into a second smaller combustion chamber into which air is injected. The hot and incompletely combusted products in the second chamber explosively reignite and are ejected into a yet smaller third combustion chamber. Air is again injected into the third combustion chamber wherein the products again explosively reignite to be ejected through a jet nozzle. The heat energy output of the burner or its propulsive momentum thrust may be utilized as appropriate in other applications. The toxicity of the gaseous or solid waste products burnt in the chambers is reduced and oxidized by the injection of air and hydrolization of water also injected with the waste products.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for monitoring the output of a gas ignition module used for controlling the heating of a cooking device, such as a deep fat fryer, in a pulsed heating mode. The system includes a controller which detects a failure in ignition and alerts the user of the cooking device of such a failure. In a preferred embodiment, an optoisolator is used to monitor the voltage applied to a gas valve. From this determination, the system logically determines when a gas lockout has occurred, and prevents successive ignition attempts, which could result in an unwanted accumulation of gas.

Abstract: A pulsating combustor includes a combustion chamber having a hollow cylindrical form and a tailpipe having a similar hollow cylindrical form, such that the internal chambers are annular in section. Air and fuel are admitted to the combustion chamber and pulsating combustion is initiated, with exhaust gases being removed from the tailpipe. A water jacket is defined both inside and outside the pulsating combustor, with water being moved from one to the other as it is being warmed. Fuel is preferably admitted along needles or short pipes which are such as to have a natural resonant frequency which is a small number multiple of the natural resonant frequency of the combination of the combustion chamber and the tailpipe. Preferred frequencies are 440 for the combination combustion chamber and tailpipe, and 1320 cps for the fuel delivery needle or pipe.

Abstract: The invention realizes pulse combustion with a great turn down ratio, which is applicable to various controls and regulations in a noodle cooker. The noodle cooker of the invention heats water in a pot using a pulse combustor, which does not have a check valve for preventing back flow of combustion exhaust in its air supply system. A controller of the pulse combustor regulates the opening angle of a proportional electromagnetic valve for fuel supply and the rotating speed of a fan for air supply based on the water temperature detected by a temperature sensor and keeps the water temperature in the pot in a predetermined optimal range.

Abstract: Improved fluid heating apparatus and process, exemplified by steam boilers in which a pulse combustor serves to produce a heat source for enhanced steam generation, particularly in commercial or industrial applications are provided. The system may be slagging or non-slagging as needed and may employ a means for collecting and removing contaminants and particulates entrained in the combustion product stream.

Abstract: An apparatus and process using a pulse combustor to atomize a liquid or slurry is provided. The apparatus includes a pulse combustor for generating a stream of atomization fluid and an oscillating flow field and introduction apparatus for introducing to the influence of the oscillating stream of atomization fluid a liquid or slurry to be atomized.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simply constructed, improved pulse combustor realizing stable pulse combustion with less noise and vibration. The pulse combustor includes: a combustion chamber; a mixing chamber coupled with the intake side of the combustion chamber via a first opening provided with a flame trap; and an air chamber connecting to the mixing chamber via second opening. The second opening is eccentric with respect to the first opening. The fuel gas and air are simultaneously supplied through the second opening to the mixing chamber, sufficiently mixed in the mixing chamber, and fed into the combustion chamber. The exhausted gas flown back through the flame trap is diluted with the air/fuel mixture in the mixing chamber and again fed into the combustion chamber for continuous combustion while the reverse pressure is efficiently reduced by the mixing chamber and the air chamber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simply constructed, improved pulse combustor realizing stable pulse combustion with less noise and vibration. The pulse combustor includes: a combustion chamber; a mixing chamber coupled with the intake side of the combustion chamber via an opening provided with a flame trap; a gas supply conduit connecting to the mixing chamber for supplying fuel gas; and an air duct connecting to the mixing chamber for supplying air. The total volume of the mixing chamber, the gas supply conduit, and the air duct (the total volume V2) is sufficiently greater than the volume of the combustion chamber (the combustion volume V1). Combustion byproducts flown back through the flame trap are diluted with the air/fuel mixture in the mixing chamber and again fed into the combustion chamber for continuous combustion while the reverse pressure is efficiently reduced by the total volume V2.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and process for removal of particulates entrained in a gas stream are provided. The removal process employs a pulse combustor to provide an acoustic pressure wave to acoustically enhance bimodal agglomeration of particulates which may be collected and removed using a conventional separation apparatus. A particulate having a size different from the size of the particulate in the gas stream to be cleaned is introduced into the system to effectuate the bimodal process. The apparatus may be employed as a direct fired system for improved operation of gas-operated equipment such as a gas turbine, or may, alternatively, be employed as an add-on subsystem for combustion exhaust clean-up. Additionally, the added particulate may be a sorbent for effecting sorption of other contaminants such as sulfur. Various other particulates for contaminant removal may also be introduced into the system as exemplified by alkali-gettering agents.

Abstract: Pulsatory burner which is mounted in the water room (12) of a hot water boiler comprising a combustion chamber (14) with a neck (17) provided as an air inlet, and a nonreturn valve (18) controlling the air flow through the air inlet to the combustion chamber. An outlet (40, 41) for hot water from the water room (12) is provided around the neck (17) for the cooling thereof.

Abstract: A pulse combustor apparatus for burning solid fuel comprises a Rijke-type combustor tube and has a rotating fuel bed for defining a primary combustion zone adjacent the fuel bed. The rotating fuel bed tends to minimize agglomeration of solid fuel and accumulation of ash during combustion by agitating the solid fuel. An inlet conduit is provided for introducing a low nitrogen gaseous fuel to the combustion air upstream of the combustion zone to minimize the formation of NO.sub.x in the primary combustion zone. In other embodiments, inlets are provided downstream of the primary combustion zone for introducing additional air or gaseous, low nitrogen fuel for air staging or reburning to minimize the emission of NO.sub.x. Sorbents, such as limestone, are introduced above the bed to minimize SO.sub.2 emissions.

Abstract: A water or fluid-cooled device consists of a plurality of exhaust tubes of uniform cross-section, similar to the tubes in a boiler. The tubes are connected to an elongate combustion chamber into which a combustible mixture is aspirated via one or a series a non-return valves. The fuel is initially ignited, and subsequently follows the conventional pattern for pulsating combustion. This pulsating combustion burner can be used as an instrument for making a series of shockwaves at a frequency of oscillation between 200 and 2000 Hz, and thus can be used in the conditioning of fine dust particles by agglomerating them. An alternate use is that of a burner for a boiler or a space heater, where suitable action is taken to silence the exhaust noise, and where the scrubbing action of the generated shockwaves inside the exhaust tubes improves the heat transfer to the surrounding medium by minimizing the laminar surface film or "stagnant layer" inside and outside the exhaust tubes.

Abstract: A torch system stoichiometrically mixes combustible fuel and includes a fluid oscillator for forming a jet of said fluid fuel and oscillating said jet in ambient air downstream of the fluid oscillator to mix air with said fuel and achieve the stoichiometric combustible mixture a distance spaced from any physical structure of the torch whereby a flame front of burning combustible mixture has a shape and distance from said fluid oscillator which is determined by the sweep angle, wave pattern and frequency of the fluidic oscillator.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling pressure instabilities in a combustion chamber. The apparatus includes a detector which detects combustion chamber pressure and outputs a signal indicative of that pressure. A controller then receives the output signal, delays it by a selectable amount of time, and outputs the resultant delayed signal to a pressure chamber device. The pressure chamber device controls the fuel pressure in a fuel line which supplies the combustion chamber. In one embodiment, this pressure chamber device is a cylindrical chamber with closed ends. The pressure chamber has inlet openings and outlet openings which are connected to the fuel line. In some embodiments the bottom of the pressure chamber device includes an elastic diaphragm activated by an electric signal from the controller. In some embodiments the controller involves a delay line for delaying the output signal from the detector.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recirculating flue gas in either a vertical or a horizontal pulse combustor which is dedicated to deliberate one-stage pulse combustion. At least one combustion chamber wall defines a mixing region and a combustion chamber which is adjacent the mixing region. A fuel inlet conduit is used to supply fuel into the mixing region and an air inlet conduit is used to supply air into the mixing region and thereby form an air/fuel mixture within the mixing region. Air valves are in communication with the fuel inlet conduit and the air inlet conduit. An ignition source is positioned within with mixing region for igniting the air/fuel mixture and beginning the pulse combustion process. An exhaust system removes flue gas containing products of pulse combustion. A portion of the flue gas produced during pulse combustion is then recirculated into the mixing region, air inlet, and/or an air decoupler.

Abstract: A process for operating a burner fed with liquid fuel, in particular a vaporization burner of a heater in which, preferably, a motor vehicle add-on heater is involved. In this operating process, after the burner has been in steady state operation for a predetermined period, the fuel feed is briefly interrupted. The predetermined period of steady state operation of the burner is preferably about 5 to 20 minutes, while the fuel feed is interrupted for about 5 to 25 seconds. With this operating process, deposits on the burner can be reduced so that the service life of the burner can be considerably increased.

Abstract: A heat recovery system is disclosed for a pulse combustion drying system in which the exhaust gas of combustion from a pulse combustor passes successively through a dryer, a product collector and a scrubber. The heat of the exhaust gas is recovered in the scrubber by spraying with water or other liquid and transferring by heat exchange the heat absorbed by the water to compressed air, and passing the heated compressed air successively through a membrane heat exchange tube on the wall of the product collector and a membrane heat exchange tube on the wall of the dryer. The air is discharged finally in an air-injection nozzle of the pulse combustor.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to pulse combustion furnaces, and more particularly to an improved air flapper valve assembly for use in association therewith, such improved air flapper valve assembly having a valve body formed from an elastomeric material which results in significant reduction in air valve sound and vibration.

Abstract: A pulsed atmospheric fluidized bed reactor system is disclosed and claimed along with a process for utilization of same for the combustion of, e.g. high sulfur content coal. The system affords a economical, ecologically acceptable alternative to oil and gas fired combustors. The apparatus may also be employed for endothermic reaction, combustion of waste products, e.g. organic and medical waste, drying, calcining and the like.

Abstract: Provided is an atomizer-equipped combustion apparatus including an atomizing device for atomizing a fuel, a spray chamber for mixing the fuel atomized by the atomizing device with air to form a mixture, and for moving the mixture downwardly toward an opening at a distal end portion of the spray chamber, and a wind box provided so as to surround a lower portion of the spray chamber for forming a combustion space between itself and the spray chamber, the wind box being provided with a plurality of air supply holes facing a lower portion of the spray chamber. A mixture of external air and a fine spray of fuel produced by the atomizer can be ignited instantaneously by means of a comparatively simple structure, odors produced at igition and extinguishment can be greatly suppressed and a high turn-down ratio can be obtained.

Abstract: A pulse combustor having thermally induced pulse combustion in a continuously flowing system is described. The pulse combustor is fitted with at lease one elongated ceramic body which significantly increases the heat transfer area in the combustion chamber of the combustor. The ceramic body or bodies possess sufficient mass and heat capacity to ignite the fuel-air charge once the ceramic body or bodies are heated by conventional spark plug initiated combustion so as to provide repetitive ignition and combustion of sequentially introduced fuel-air charges without the assistance of the spark plug and the rapid quenching of the flame after each ignition in a controlled manner so as to provide a selective control over the oscillation frequency and amplitude. Additional control over the heat transfer in the combustion chamber is provided by employing heat exchange mechanisms for selectively heating or cooling the elongated ceramic body or bodies and/or the walls of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: In order to adapt a gas-infrared radiator (a radiant burner) to operating conditions in a particularly efficient manner, the energy delivered is reduced by intermittently reducing a controlled supply of gas so that the energy delivery is below about 40% or even less of the maximum energy delivery of the infrared radiator, and a flame supplied separately from the controlled gas supply is maintained in the combustion chamber of the gas-infrared radiator, at least when operating in the aforementioned range. This is achieved more particularly by providing at least one nozzle (22) for a pilot light, directed towards the combustion chamber (4).