Abstract: An oil feed system for an oil burner is disclosed. The feed system includes an oil preheater through which the oil is pumped to ensure that the oil fed to the burner nozzle is warm enough to ignite easily and completely. A purge line is provided to recirculate the standing oil in the supply line which leads to the burner nozzle back through the heater so that on start up cold oil is not sprayed from the nozzle. A solenoid valve in the purge line opens for a predetermined time initially during which oil is recirculated. It is not necessary to close off the burner nozzle during this period because the nozzle presents a considerably higher resistance to the oil than the purge line which is connected through the solenoid valve to the suction side of the feed pump with the result that the cold oil flows directly to the purge line.

Abstract: A starting aid for an internal combustion engine includes a tubular body about which is located a stack of electrically insulating and heat resisting rings. Wound on the rings is a heating element and in the wall of the tubular body is an aperture through which fuel can flow. The fuel flows along the gaps defined between the rings to the heating element and is vaporized and subsequently ignited.

Abstract: A heating device for preheating heating oil flowing through a pipe has a heat conduction body to which a plate-shaped ceramic PTC resistance heating element is connected in heat exchange-relationship. The heating element has a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 2 millimeters, a Curie temperature between 120.degree. and 220.degree. C. and a specific resistance of 430 to 5000 ohm-cm rated at a supply voltage between 110 and 220 volts such that the maximum temperature achieved by the heating element over a range of heat transfer rates is relatively constant and is determined by the resistivity and the Curie temperature of the heating element rather than by the rate of heat transfer. If designed for energization at 220 volts, the heating element has the same thickness and Curie temperature as in the first example described above, but with a specific resistance of 1700 to 20,000 ohm-cm as measured at 220 volts.

Abstract: A ceramic recuperator for the heating of combustion air, e.g. for an oil-fired burner or boiler, which prepares at least the air in the formation of a fuel-air mixture which is ignitable at the burner. According to the invention the recuperator is provided with means, especially electrically operated for heating the ceramic body so that the initial combustion air can be heated before firing of the burner and the further heating of the recuperator by combustion products.

Abstract: A liquid fuel burner for burning liquid fuel in the form of a gaseous mixture with air. The liquid fuel burner has a porous member provided at least with a fuel receiving section for receiving the liquid fuel supplied to the burner and a fuel evaporation section from which the liquid fuel is evaporated. An air supplying device is provided for forcibly supplying air to the fuel evaporation section. The rate of air supply is varied by means of a damper or like means. Heating means are provided for maintaining the fuel evaporation section at a substantially constant temperature. The rate of burning is varied while maintaining the air-fuel ratio of the mixture substantially constant, because the rate of evaporation of the fuel is almost in proportion to the rate of supply of air to the fuel evaporation section. The heating means facilitates the evaporation of the fuel and permits a rapid rise and stabilization of burning after ignition.

Abstract: The invention relates to an atomizer burner assembly for oil burners. The assembly has electric heating apparatus for maintaining a relatively constant temperature for the oil supply over a range of throughputs which may vary for different atomizer nozzles, for example, from 0.5 to 2.5 l/h. The heating apparatus includes a PTC resistor mounted in the supply pipe in series with a near zero temperature coefficient heating element which surrounds the supply pipe at a longitudinal position between the PTC resistor and the atomizer nozzle. The PTC resistor controls the heat generated by the heating element in accordance with the temperature of the throughput oil to maintain a constant temperature for the throughput oil.

Abstract: A burner system in which an ignitable mixture is formed from vaporized liquid fuel and preheated air which is heated by recuperative heat exchange with a furnace exhaust gas from the combustion chamber in which the mixture burns. According to the invention, a feed line for the fuel opens into a closed chamber provided with porous walls permeable to the fuel and with a flow passage traversed by the preheated air, the wall of this flow passage in turn serving for indirect heat exchange of the air by the combustion gases of the furnace.

Abstract: Apparatus for igniting a main gas mixture to be burnt in a combustion chamber includes conduit systems for separately feeding an oxygen-bearing gas and a combustible gas into an ignition region. At least a part of at least one of the conduit systems is formed as an electrical heating resistance thereby to raise the temperature of the gas component flowing therein so that when the components are mixed in the ignition region, ignition of the ignition gas mixture will occur, thereby igniting the main gas mixture. The apparatus also includes means for detecting the temperature of the heated gas component or components flowing through the conduit systems, and/or the temperature of the gas mixture ignited in the ignition region.

Abstract: The burner is provided with a hollow vaporizing body, with a combustion initiating means, with heating means for starting up and with means for applying a method of burning, comprising the distinct and successive three phases:(a) vaporization of the liquid fuel protected from the flame,(b) mixing of the vaporized fuel obtained in phase (a), with a combustion supporter such as air, in a special chamber, protected from the flame,(c) combustion of the mixture obtained from phase (b), in a suitable zone, separate from the vaporizing and mixing zones.

Abstract: An oil burner in which a liquid fuel oil is vaporized in a heated vaporizing chamber connected through an apertured partition to a multiple concentric shelled combustion chamber.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a gaseous fuel containing water produced by a process, wherein a mixture gas of water, fuel and air is swirled with intense friction between them, contacted with metallic elements to receive thermoelectrons and activated at a temperature about 100.degree.-600.degree. C., as well as a process and apparatus for producing said fuel. When the gaseous fuel containing water by this invention is burned, the calorific value is greater than that of pure fuel combustion and the discharge of NO.sub.x and CO from the exhaust gas is small.

Abstract: A compact, economical electrically heated vaporizer having a fast response time and capable of vaporizing liquified petroleum gas at a rate of ten to forty gallons or more per hour with safety and without excessive superheating and/or cracking of the liquified petroleum gas utilizes a metal casting having a closed internal cavity separated into two chambers by an integral barrier. The casting serves as a pressure vessel and heat sink as well as providing a heated interface between electric resistance heaters received in passageways in the barrier and the liquified petroleum gas. The heat generated by the heaters is disseminated uniformly throughout the casting surrounding the chambers. The liquified petroleum gas inlet at one end of the casing connects with the end of one chamber. Multiple small passageways in the barrier at the other end of the casting connect the other end of the one chamber to the adjacent end of the other chamber.

Abstract: This system for burning low-grade fuels, notably used mineral oils, comprises a first so-called decantation tank receiving the fuel and connected, through an overflow device, to a second so-called storage tank, and a burner connected to this storage tank. The first decantation tank comprises means for heating the fuel under the control of a thermostat. A level detector is incorporated in the storage tank and connected to a pump inserted in the circuit supplying fuel to the first tank. The burner comprises a pump set to supply fuel to the burner jet through a reservoir provided with reheating means, so that the fuel delivered to the burner has a minimum temperature of 100.degree. C.

Abstract: An atomizing nozzle particularly suited for your use in compact combustion chambers. Successful combustion of liquid fuels having generally high viscosity and widely varying properties such as distillation temperatures, distillation rates and impurities, including "heavy" and waste oil. Improved combustion is accomplished through the use of viscosity control and improved fuel atomization. Use of a nozzle utilizing "shearing" of the fuel by an atomizing fluid stream which intersects the fuel at approximately right angles. Recombination of liquid fuel particles is prevented by the use of a controlled "exit orifice" in the burner nozzle. The nozzle also features continuous circulation of the fuel in the nozzle body which establishes orientation of impurities contained in the fuel relative to the exit orifice so that they are expelled through the orifice. Combustion of conventional distillate fuel oil such as API No. 1 and 2 is also provided.

Abstract: An oil burner with a combustion chamber has a microwave energy source connected to the fuel supply line to heat the fuel and connected to the air supply line to apply an electric field at the nozzle to the fuel spray and the area of combustion in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A fuel burning apparatus which receives liquid fuel and converts it into a fine fume which is then mixed with air and conveyed to a burner where the mixture of the fuel and air is burned. The fuel is supplied from a supply tank and dripped onto a heating element having a spiral path formed around its outside. The drop of fuel are collected by means of a funnel placed near the end of the heating element to catch the drops and direct it onto the spiral path. As the drops of fuel proceed along the spiral path around the heating element, the fuel is converted into fine fumes. The heating elements are positioned in a mixing chamber which includes an air inlet to permit air under low pressure to pass into the mixing chamber and mix with the fumes of the fuel. The mixture then passes out of the mixing chamber into a storage chamber which provides the supply of fuel and air to a burner.

Abstract: A fuel oil supply system for providing fuel oil to a heater in a building includes a storage tank, a gravity feed supply line running from the fuel oil tank to the building, a fuel oil heater in the building receiving the fuel oil from the supply line, and a canister filter connected in the supply line. A means for heating the canister filter includes a heater enclosure defining a filter cavity which is sized to receive the canister filter. The heater enclosure includes a substantial cylindrical lower portion and a substantial cylindrical cap portion which interfit to enclose the filter. The cap portion defines openings for passage of the supply line therethrough and the lower portion and the cap portion are joined by set screws. An electrical heater in the filter cavity comprising a light bulb positioned below the bottom of the filter provides a source of heat to the canister filter. Power is supplied to the light bulb by a power cord including a thermostat.

Abstract: A burner for burning a liquid hydrocarbon fuel at low outputs (no more than 50 kw) comprises a vaporizer to which liquid fuel is supplied and in which fuel is vaporized at autogeneous pressure, and means operative to furnish a flow of air at atmospheric pressure which sweeps fuel vapor escaping from the vaporizer to a burner head where the air-fuel vapor mixture is burned. The vaporizer operates independently of the conditions at the burner head, and the ratio of air to fuel vapor passed to the head is automatically maintained stoichiometric. The vaporizer is constructed to avoid fuel decomposition, and the fuel supply is arranged to ensure operating stability. Means to avoid fuel vapor emission at start-up and shut-down are provided.

Abstract: A heat exchange system is provided having first and second heat exchangers connected to one another. A burner supplies products of combustion to the first heat exchanger. Fluid heated in the first heat exchanger is pumped to the second heat exchanger. A blower forces air over the second heat exchanger to heat the air. An electric heater is provided in heat exchange relationship with the first heat exchanger. The electric heater maintains the temperature of the fluid in the first heat exchanger above the effective dew point of the flue gas in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A vaporizer and burner unit for an oil or kerosene space heater comprises three elongated, vertically stacked fuel mixture flow chambers A, B and C respectively defined between a lower U-shaped frame member 19b and the sloping bottom wall 26 of a flanged, upper U-shaped frame member 19a nested on the lower member, between the wall 26 and an inverted V-shaped pressure plate 27 having a plurality of fuel mixture feed holes 28 therein, and between the plate 27 and a burner plate 30 having a plurality of flame slits 31 therein. Fuel is fed into one end of the chamber A onto a heated vaporizer block 21, and combustion air blown in through a side window 24 adjacent the block and through a concentric gap 25 around the fuel supply line 12 mixes with the vaporized fuel and flows down chamber A and into chamber B through an end opening 29. The mixture then disperses through the holes 28 into chamber C and through the flame slits 31 to a spark igniter 62.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a centrifugal pump of the type including an essentially conical rotor having a helical vane increasing in diameter from its entrance end to its discharge end; the peripheral edge of the vane confronting the wall of the pump housing and forming with the pump housing a discharge or pressure chamber and an intake or suction chamber, the peripheral edge of the vane diverging from the wall of the pump housing from the discharge chamber toward the intake chamber, and having minimal clearance with respect to the wall of the discharge chamber side of the vane.

Abstract: An electrical heating device employs a metallic felt body through which fluid to be heated is passed. The felt may be of polycrystalline metal whiskers, or non-metal whiskers or filaments with metal coating applied. The body is heated by contact with an element that is heated electrically. The fluid flows through the body in a relatively long path compared with the distance through which heat has to be conducted through the body from the element. The body is conveniently a hollow cylinder, the fluid flow being parallel to the axis and the heat being applied from the inner and outer tubes between which the felt body is disposed.

Abstract: A combuster is provided for utilizing a combustible mixture containing fuel and air, to heat a load fluid such as water or air, in a manner that minimizes the formation of nitrogen oxide. The combustible mixture passes through a small diameter tube where the mixture is heated to its combustion temperature, while the load fluid flows past the outside of the tube to receive heat. The tube is of a diameter small enough that the combustible mixture cannot form a flame, and yet is not subject to wall quench, so that combustion occurs, but at a temperature less than under free flame conditions. Most of the heat required for heating the combustible mixture to its combustion temperature, is obtained from heat flow through the walls of the pipe to the mixture.

Abstract: A device in connection with a combustion system using fossil fuels which introduces a controlled amount of water vapor bearing trace amounts of selected carbon removing cleaning agents for improving efficiency.

Abstract: This invention relates to improvements in the art of liquid fuel combustion and, more particularly, concerns a method and apparatus for the controlled gassification of liquid fuels, the thorough premixing of the then gassified fuel with air and the subsequent gas-phase combustion of the mixture to produce a flame substantially free of soot, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and unburned fuel.

Abstract: This invention relates to a kerosene vapor stove with an automatic fuel feeding system. There are two ways of vaporizing the kerosene. When the stove is about to be lighted, kerosene is channelled into a preliminary preheating tube to be heated up to a high temperature within a short time. The heated kerosene under pressure passes through a nozzle and shoots through an air gap into a mixing tube, vaporizing in the process. The mixture of the kerosene vapor and air is delivered into a burner where it burns. After the stove has been lighted for about two minutes, the loop of tube above the burner will be well heated. This tube is a part of the normal path for kerosene. Kerosene is now channelled through this tube for preheating, utilizing the heat produced by the burner to effect vaporization. The automatic feeding of the kerosene is accomplished through using a steel container containing kerosene up to 80% of its volume. A tube extends from the outlet valve of the container down to its bottom.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling fluency of hydrocarbon fluids having a kinematic viscosity in the range of 350 seconds Saybolt Universal to 10,000 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100.degree. F. Electromagnetic waves generated by a power source are directed through a dielectric medium towards a contained hydrocarbon fluid of the foregoing type. The electromagnetic energy is converted into thermal energy within the hydrocarbon fluid for controlling its fluency.

Abstract: The system comprises a burner-housing in which to ignite volatile fluids, together with means for admitting such fluids thereinto and means for discharging the combustion product therefrom. A coolant-carrying shell is enclosed within the burner-housing, the same having spray holes for discharging coolant onto the burner-housing inner surface, and for discharging coolant into a burner-housing defined combustion chamber. A distributor carried by the shell admits discrete fluids into the housing, and also has coolant passages formed therein. Additionally, the distributor has a fluid-heating arrangement disposed therewithin, as well as a fluid-ignition arrangement, the latter being selectively operative -- to insure ignition of the housing-admitted volatile fluids. The combustion products are either simply vented from the burner-housing, for use thus, or are conducted through a terminal rocket nozzle for generating thrust.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for vaporizing and subsequently aerosolizing combustible fuel for use in a heating burner. Vaporized fuel is dispensed into a condensation area to form an aerosol fuel mixed with air. The aerosol fuel has relatively even sized particles which are generally less than 1 micron in diameter. The aerosol fuel is further mixed with air to provide a desired air-to-fuel ratio for use in the combustion area of a heating burner.

Abstract: An arrangement to produce high efficiency gas phase combustion of liquid fuels. A liquid fuel, such as conventional heating oil, is pumped through a heat exchanger immersed in a liquid bath whose temperature is maintained at a level which is sufficiently high to cause the fuel to gassify but low enough to preclude undesirable chemical decomposition. The liquid bath is contained within an element which is directly exposed to a flame produced by the combustion of the gasified liquid fuel. The liquid bath temperature is controlled by varying the amount of surface area exposed to the flame or by internal forced circulation of the bath liquid. The gasified fuel is injected into an air or oxidizing gas stream and allowed to premix prior to combustion. Combustion is initiated by a spark or pilot flame and is stabilized by a flameholder.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method whereby heated residual fuel oils can be successfully burned in existing conventional forced atomizing air type small capacity industrial oil burners.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an improved system for fuel burning, whose combination of the means which make it up permit a combustion lacking a high percentage of contaminants, a circumstance which is attained as the consequence of a preheating and overheatng process to which the fuel is subjected before it is burned, gaining this through the combination of a system of air rationing, a heating reactor, a burner provided with a double receptive entry and a drainage system for discharge fuel which is combined with a secondary fuel conducting pipe which taking advantage of the heat transmitted by the discharge fuel along the drainage walls, subsequently joins the main pipe through which it communicates with the heating chamber.

Abstract: A catalytic heater which has a fuel compartment and a catalytic burner element positioned on top of said fuel compartment and in communication therewith. A heating element is positioned between the catalytic heating element and the fuel compartment. A fuel source applies fuel into the compartment through a pump. A timer controls the time the pump is actuated, the amount of fuel transferred to the compartment, and the time the heating element is energized.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling .Iadd.the .Iaddend.fluency of hydrocarbon fluids having a kinematic viscosity in the range of 350 seconds Saybolt Universal to 10,000 seconds Saybolt Universal at 100.degree. F. Electromagnetic waves generated by a power source are directed through a dielectric medium towards a contained hydrocarbon fluid of the foregoing type. The electromagnetic energy is converted into thermal energy within the hydrocarbon fluid for controlling its fluency. .Iadd.The hydrocarbon fluid whose fluency is to be controlled may be located within a geological substrate to which the electromagnetic energy is applied. .Iaddend.