Abstract: The inventive concept relates to an apparatus for treating a substrate. The apparatus includes a support unit that supports the substrate and a nozzle unit having a nozzle that dispenses a chemical onto the substrate, in which the nozzle is connected with a ground line, and a variable resistor is provided on the ground line.

Abstract: A method for controlling an NOx concentration in an exhaust gas in a combustion facility by: measuring a reaction velocity ki of each of a plurality of chars, each corresponding to a plurality of types of pulverized coals; determining a relationship between the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas and the reaction velocity ki for each of the chars; (iii) blending the plurality of the types of the pulverized coal, wherein a blending ratio of the plurality of the types of the pulverized coal is determined by using, as an index, a reaction velocity kblend of the char of the blended pulverized coal, which corresponds to a target NOx concentration or below, on the basis of the relationship; and supplying the blended pulverized coal to the combustion facility as the fuel of the combustion facility.

Abstract: The burner preferably exclusively burns substantially explosible solid fuels and preferably has instant ON-OFF thermostat control, wastes no energy preheating the enclosure or external air supply, achieves stable combustion the moment the powder-air mix is ignited in our burner, is used in the upward vertical mode except for oil burner retrofits, burns a solid fuel in a single-phase regime as if it were a vaporized liquid or gas, is designed to complete combustion within the burner housing itself rather than in a large, high temperature furnace enclosure which it feeds, has an ultra-short residence time requirement, is a recycle consuming burner with self-contained management of initially unburned particles, is much smaller, simpler and lower cost, has a wider dynamic range/turndown ratio, is more efficient in combustion completeness and thermal efficiency, and operates with air-fuel mix approximately at the flame speed.

Abstract: A cooking appliance a gas burner configured to generate a quantity of heat is disclosed. The cooking appliance also includes a pressure sensor operable to measure the pressure of gas supplied to the gas burner from a gas control valve. The gas control valve is operable to adjust the supply of gas to the gas burner based on the measured pressure of the gas.

Abstract: A regenerative oxidant preheater internal arrangement, including a system and method for use thereof, utilizing a unique recycle oxy-combustion methodology which includes at least two primary combustion oxidant sectors placed adjacent to both the flue gas side as well as a secondary oxidant sector positioned between the two primary sectors. A tri-sector regenerative oxidant preheater apparatus, method and arrangement for utilization with oxy-fired pulverized coal combustion power plants.

Abstract: A Glycerin Fueled Afterburning Engine utilizes the power generation unit exhaust heat to pre-heat the glycerin, or similar difficult to combust fuel, and then utilizes regenerative burner heating to fully vaporize and superheat the fuel above the auto ignition temperature. The combustion inlet air is also highly preheated by the recuperative power generation cycle. The actual combustion process is then accomplished by hypergolic ignition from mixing the hot vapor with the hot air. The overall engine process operates on a cycle of (1) air compression, (2) indirect heating of air in an air heater, (3) air expansion, (4) air heating by combustion, and (5) air cooling by heat transfer to the incoming compressed air charge in the recuperator.

Abstract: A method for regulating a temperature of a combustion medium in a mixing zone of a burner and a method for regulating a burner, in particular an oil burner, a burner performance being modulated. A heating system including a burner, which includes a regulating device, and a regulating device for a burner, in particular an oil burner. The method/system is intended to provide as constant a temperature as possible in the mixing zone during the different operating modes and with changed burner performance. The combustion air flows through a first supply tract in a first operating mode and in adjustable proportions through the first and/or a second supply tract in a second operating mode, and the combustion air is supplied with heat via a heating element, which may be switched on and off, in the first supply tract, and with heat from a combustion zone in the second supply tract.

Abstract: A regenerative oxidant heater internal arrangement, including a system and method for use thereof, utilizing a unique recycle oxy-combustion methodology which includes at least two primary combustion oxidant sectors placed adjacent to both the flue gas side as well as a secondary oxidant sector positioned between the two primary sectors.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an oil burning system, capable of burning various waste oils and other fuel oils, with high efficiency burn, reduced emissions, and without producing sludge within the system. Generally, the system operates by pressurizing liquid fuel to a ultra-high pressure and delivering the fuel through a two-stage filtration system, pre-heating the fuel, dispensing the fuel through a nozzle and igniting the fuel.

Abstract: Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A cooking appliance having a gas burner operable to generate a quantity of heat is disclosed. The cooking appliance also includes a pressure sensor operable to measure the pressure of gas supplied to the gas burner from a gas valve. The gas valve is programmed to adjust the supply of gas to the gas burner based on the measured pressure of the gas.

Abstract: A heat recycling system for a high-temperature exhaust gas contains a body having a combustion space, at least one burning device, and a storing device; characterized in that: the combustion space is connected with an exhaust pipe; the burning device is coupled with a heat recycling blower and a gas control valve; the storing device is secured on a distal end of the exhaust pipe and is comprised of a second control valve, a first store tank, and a second store tank; the second control valve is disposed on the exhaust pipe of the body and includes two output ends which connect with a gas guiding tube and a second guiding tube respectively; the first store tank is coupled with the gas guiding tube and is connected with a first check valve and a second check valve, the gas check valve is coupled with a first gas-exhausting blower.

Abstract: A combustion air supply apparatus 9 of alternating heat exchange type supplies combustion air and discharges combustion exhaust gas at a flow velocity of 80 to 200 m/sec. A burner assembly 4 is configured in such a manner that low-caloric fuel gas is pre-heated with heat of pre-combusting high-caloric fuel gas before the low-caloric fuel gas reaches a mixing starting space CA in the combustion chamber where the pre-combusting high-caloric fuel gas and the low-caloric fuel gas come to burn together in a full scale in the mixing starting space CA. When an air amount of the combustion air supplied through the high-temperature air supply ports of the plurality of fuel gas combustion apparatuses is defined as Q1 and an air amount of the pre-combustion air to be mixed with the high-caloric fuel gas, supplied from the fuel gas combustion apparatuses, is defined as Q2, a total air amount (Q1+Q2) is 1.02 to 1.10 times more than a theoretical air amount QS required for combustion, and a ratio of Q2/(Q1+Q2) is 0.

Abstract: A method for regulating a temperature of a combustion medium in a mixing zone of a burner and a method for regulating a burner, in particular an oil burner, a burner performance being modulated. A heating system including a burner, which includes a regulating device, and a regulating device for a burner, in particular an oil burner. The method/system is intended to provide as constant a temperature as possible in the mixing zone during the different operating modes and with changed burner performance. The combustion air flows through a first supply tract in a first operating mode and in adjustable proportions through the first and/or a second supply tract in a second operating mode, and the combustion air is supplied with heat via a heating element, which may be switched on and off, in the first supply tract, and with heat from a combustion zone in the second supply tract.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to an oil burning system, capable of burning various waste oils with high efficiency burn, reduced emissions, and without producing sludge within the system. Generally, the system operates by pressurizing liquid fuel to a high pressure and delivering the fuel through a two-stage filtration system, pre-heating the fuel, dispensing the fuel through a nozzle and igniting the fuel.

Abstract: A drying system (100) for use in drying out a water-damaged structure includes a blower (105) for providing outside air to the water damaged structure. An indirectly fired furnace (101) is used for heating the outside air prior to its introduction into the water-damaged structure. An exhaust blower (114) removes humid air from the water-damaged building, and one or more remote temperature and humidity sensors (117) are used for controlling the furnace air temperature and supply blower volume. An air intake filter box (111) is used for adding make-up air to recirculated building air and promoting cooling within accompanying trailer. A differential air pressure transmitter (118) controls the volume of moist air removed from the water damaged building to an optimal rate.

Abstract: A temperature control system for controlling the rate of flow of a flammable fluid at generally constant pressure is disclosed. The system may include a flow control apparatus that is free of a regulator mechanism, for affecting the flow of the fluid. The flow control apparatus may be operable between at least a first flow rate and a second flow rate, and may have at least one upstream opening and at least one downstream opening. The system may also include a first burner in fluid communication with the downstream opening of the flow control apparatus and a conduit in fluid communication at one end thereof with the upstream opening of the flow control apparatus, and configured at the other end thereof for connection to a fuel supply. A thermocouple may be located in the vicinity of the burner, for converting a sensed thermal state into an electrical signal.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing mineral fibers includes rotating an orificed spinner and supplying molten mineral material to the spinner to centrifuge streams of molten mineral material. A downward annular flow of attenuating gases is directed to attenuate the streams of molten mineral material into mineral fibers. A mixture of combustion air and combustion gas is supplied to an annular burner positioned around the spinner. Heat from the annular burner is directed toward the spinner and the streams of molten mineral material to heat the spinner and assist in attenuating the streams of molten mineral material into mineral fibers. A pressure sensor senses the pressure of the combustion air prior to the introduction of the combustion air to the burner. The pressure of the combustion air is controlled in response to the sensed pressure to maintain the pressure of the combustion air at a specific pressure.

Abstract: A system and method for providing a gas-fired heating system with improved thermal efficiency includes modulating a quantity of combustion air flow to a combustion mixture in response to a measured change in fuel-gas pressure using a DC (e.g., brushless) motor to drive a combustion air blower. A pressure transducer in a manifold transporting fuel-gas into the combustion mixture outputs a signal proportional to the measured pressure to the motor. The motor speed and thus the resultant quantity of combustion air flow are modulated in proportion to the quantity of fuel-gas to the mixture. Accordingly, a constant fuel-gas to combustion air ratio is maintained. The system and method may further provide for adjusting the output signal to accommodate measured intake air temperature, and/or measured atmospheric pressure in order to maintain a constant, good thermal efficiency (preferably ?80%) regardless of air temperature and altitude at the system's installation location.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for burning coal instead of oil comprising the stages of coal gasification, gas combustion and optionally gas purification, utilization of residual heat of flue gas and flue gas discharge. The present invention further provides an apparatus for burning coal instead of oil. By present invention, the fuel cost for an oil-burning apparatus can be reduced by about four-fifths, so the resources of oil and natural gas can be saved either. Furthermore, the present invention has the advantages such as good reliability, high heat efficiency, high level of automation, high return on investment and good environmental benefits.

Abstract: The burner preferably exclusively burns substantially explosible solid fuels and preferably has instant ON-OFF thermostat control, wastes no energy preheating the enclosure or external air supply, achieves stable combustion the moment the powder-air mix is ignited in our burner, is used in the upward vertical mode except for oil burner retrofits, burns a solid fuel in a single-phase regime as if it were a vaporized liquid or gas, is designed to complete combustion within the burner housing itself rather than in a large, high temperature furnace enclosure which it feeds, has an ultra-short residence time requirement, is a recycle consuming burner with self-contained management of initially unburned particles, is much smaller, simpler and lower cost, has a wider dynamic range/turndown ratio, is more efficient in combustion completeness and thermal efficiency, and operates with air-fuel mix approximately at the flame speed.

Abstract: A household appliance for the care of laundry items, which heating apparatus is embodied for generating heat by combusting gaseous media and has a device for supplying the gaseous medium to a burner, wherein a means is provided which is thermally coupled to the burner and the device and is embodied for changing a temperature of the device in order to control the flow of the medium through the device, in particular the metering unit of the device. The invention also relates to a method for operating a heating apparatus for a household appliance for the care of laundry items, in particular a gas laundry dryer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for preparation of a fuel for combustion including a burner, a combustion chamber associated with the burner and in which combustion of a fuel is to take place in use of the arrangement as well as means for supplying liquid fuel to the arrangement through an internal passage in the burner for said combustion, solid portions of the burner body being heated by said combustion in use of the arrangement, wherein said internal passage is located inside said solid portions of the burner body for receiving heat energy evaporating said fuel from these body portions, and that it comprises means for conveying vaporized fuel to the combustion chamber to take part in the combustion.

Abstract: A heater (12) includes a burner (16), a valve (20), and an inducer (18). A thermostat (24) is electrically coupled to the heater (12) and a control board (44) is disposed in the heater (12) and electrically connected to the thermostat (24). The control board (44) includes an inducer relay (50), a valve relay (52), and a control timer (54) for switching the valve (20) between a high flow stage and a low flow stage and the inducer (18) between a high speed stage and a low speed stage, respectively, wherein the inducer relay (50), the valve relay (52), and the control timer (54) are mounted to the control board (44) to define a singular and compact controller (30).

Abstract: There is described a method for operation of a burner, whereby a fuel is supplied to the burner, sprayed into the combustion air, mixed with the combustion air to give a fuel/air mixture and burnt in a combustion chamber. With regard to a combustion particularly low in pollutants and, in order to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions with relation to achieving a given nitrogen oxide emission level, a change in parameters characterizing the fuel is determined. Such a parameter may, for example, be the Wobbe index. There is further described a device for carrying out said method, comprising a fuel treatment device, with an analytical device for the analysis of the current fuel composition and a monitoring and control system.

Abstract: A gas cooking hob comprising at least one gas burner, a main pipe for supplying gas, a main nozzle on the gas burner, and a control device for adjusting the heating power of the gas burner between a minimum power and a nominal power. In order to further develop said gas cooking hob, a timing member is provided which allows the heating power to be increased beyond the nominal power during a certain interval.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus 2 has an anti-spreading member 65 disposed below a combustion chamber 10. This anti-spreading member 65 is composed of a generally cylindrical main body 65a, an outer flange 65b and an inner flange 65c, these flanges being formed at and integral with the opposite ends of the main body 65a, respectively. A controller 40 for regulating the operation of this apparatus 2 is designed to preheat the anti-spreading member 65 at a heat generation rate ‘q’ lower than the required heat generation rate ‘Q’, before the apparatus starts its normal operation to burn a fuel.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an ignition control system that dynamically adjusts the warm-up time of an igniter within a predetermined range depending on the success or failure of the previous ignition or start-up cycle. The system activates the igniter and waits a predetermined or computed warm-up time. At the end of the warm-up time, the system opens a gas valve. The system then waits a preset time from the opening of the gas valve to determine whether ignition was successful or not. If the ignition was successful, the system computes a new igniter warm-up time by decrementing the current time and stores this new value for use during the next start sequence. If the ignition was unsuccessful, the system computes a new warm-up time by incrementing the current value and retrying the start sequence. Preferably, a successful ignition is always determined by checking for the presence of flame a fixed time following the opening of the gas valve.

Abstract: A gas operated lantern includes a regulator having a simple mechanism allowing a user to start or stop the flow of gas through the regulator. The regulator preferably exhausts an air/gas mixture in the same direction as which gas enters the regulator. The regulator includes a diaphragm assembly which presses down on a valve assembly to open the valve assembly. A stem enters the regulator and is turnable by the user to raise the diaphragm assembly and thus cause the valve assembly to close. The lantern also includes an automatic choke. The choke is preferably a strip of metal located in the burner tube of the lantern which acts to close off a portion of the burner tube when the lantern is cold, causing the air/fuel mixture to become richer and thus easier to light. As the lantern heats up, the choke straightens to open the burner tube, allowing a greater flow of air through the lantern and causing the air/fuel mixture to become leaner and thus raising the efficiency of the lantern.

Abstract: A small energy efficient afterburner for oxidizing the byproducts of incomplete combustion is disclosed. Gases are forced into a firebox, where a heating element maintains a temperature above the flash point for the more common and undesirable pollutants. Typical temperatures are 500.degree. C. to 800.degree. C. for burning hydrocarbons coming from internal combustion engines or wood stoves. After gases pass through the firebox, they are forced into a chamber adjacent to the firebox intake, so that heat energy may be transferred to the incoming gases, thereby greatly increasing the thermal efficiency of the device. Greater efficiencies are achieved by putting a catalytic surface in the firebox, and by insulating the afterburner exterior.

Abstract: Basically the present invention in it's most simple form or embodiment is directed to a controlled labyrinth heat exchanging oil nozzle assembly for use as a flame producing nozzle within an oil burning heating system, particularly adapted to burning of waste oil. The nozzle assembly comprises a block, the temperature of which is controlled or controllable and in which there is at least one cylindrical bore (preferably two bores are provided) into which director plugs are specially inserted. The block, the bore or bores and the flow director plug or plugs are designed to provide a fuel flow passage which undulates upward and downward thereby increases the dwell time or the time during which fuel is within the block and also creating substantial surface area through which heat is transferred or transferable from the block when it is heated to the fuel flowing in such an undulating manner therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a device sequence for burning waste oil and includes a circulating system having a pump for circulating the oil therein and a heater for heating the oil to a suitable combustion temperature during this circulation. A combustion oil system is included for diverting a portion of the circulating oil to an atomizing gun for combination therein with a source of atomizing air. The gun includes a heat exchange body portion in fluid communication with the circulating system. A linear actuator is included having a rod with a needle end that is operated by the actuator in a linear manner along the central axis of the atomizing gun for extending through the injection orifice for providing mechanical cleaning thereof and for regulating oil flow therethrough. The present invention includes a control system for regulating the operation thereof. In particular, oil is heated and circulated prior to diversion to the combustion system which also allows for pre-heating of the atomizing gun.

Abstract: A preheater system for waste oil burners utilizes a primary preheater remote from the burner nozzle and a secondary preheater adjacent the burner nozzle. The primary preheater ordinarily provides heat to the waste oil when the burner is operating. The secondary preheater ordinarily maintains the waste oil adjacent the burner nozzle at atomization temperature when the burner is not operating. Flow of waste oil from the primary preheater to the burner nozzle is precluded when the burner is not operating.

Abstract: There is disclosed a waste oil burner having a quick connect and disconnect subassembly. The subassembly includes a housing and an elongated horizontally disposed elongated metal block extending therefrom and terminating in a nozzle for carrying outwardly waste oil and air. The block describes a tortuous path for waste oil which is subjected to being heated in view of the presence of an electric heater in the block. The block also has a bore for the introduction and carrying out compressed air. Suitable air and waste oil connections are supplied approximate the rear end portion of the block. Electric plug in connection is provided whereby electrical contact is made with electric outlet means associated with said oil burner main assembly.

Abstract: A device for controlling fuel combustion in a burner detects the temperature in the burner and controls, based on the detected temperature, electric power supplied to an atmozing glow plug of a fuel atomizer which heats and atomizes fuel.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the combustion in a heater detects the temperature in a burner and selects a re-ignition mode for fuel dependent on the temperature in the burner. The apparatus controls an atomizing device which atomizes fuel in the selected re-ignition mode, and an igniting device which ignites the fuel atomized by the atomizing device.

Abstract: A controller for a heater has two switch circuits for controlling the supply of electric power to an atomizing glow plug for atomizing fuel and an ignition glow plug for igniting atomized fuel, the glow plugs being connected parallel to each other. One of the switch circuits includes a series-connected resistor for producing a voltage drop thereacross. During an inital period of operation of the heater, the first switch circuit free of the series-connected resistor is turned on to heat the glow plugs quickly up to respective prescribed temperatures for atomizing and igniting the fuel. Upon elapse of a predetermined period of time, during which the prescribed temperatures are reached, the first switch circuit is turned off and the second switch circuit with the series-connected resistor is turned on to keep the glow plugs at the prescribed temperatures without further heating them.

Abstract: This invention relates to a free flame burner with turbulent atomisation, which comprises a fuel oil feed pump, a combustion air feed fan and a compressor for feeding a fraction of the gaseous combustion products to a combustion chamber, wherein the fuel oil and said fraction of gaseous combustion products are fed, with mutually opposing rotary motion, to an atomiser nozzle in which the gas and fuel unite turbulently before being fed into the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A vaporizing apparatus includes a vaporizing chamber for producing vapors from a hydrocarbon fuel which are drawn into a mixing chamber by pressurized air, and the mixture is delivered to a manifold where a portion is return to the vaporizing chamber and ignited for heating and vaporization, a safety control system sensing the presence of a flame and the temperature of the vaporization chamber and interrupts flow of vapors when the flame is absent or the temperature is outside prescribed limits. A starter burner which uses the hydrocarbon fuel as a combustible material for preheating the vaporizing chamber is also automatically shut off by the control system when the vaporization chamber reaches the operating temperature. The starter burner includes a mixing valve and a combustion chamber with mixing chamber therebetween for drawing ambient air into the mixture of pressurized air and combustible material.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to control a process to replace natural gas with vaporized fuel oil whereby fuel oil is mixed with a gaseous diluent and partially vaporized, liquids separated out, superheated and burned in a natural gas burner without major modification to the burner is disclosed. The control system is:1. a liquid level controller sensing the liquid level in the separator to automatically control the flow of the fuel oil to the vaporizer,2. a ratio flow controller sensing the flow of the fuel oil and of the diluent to the vaporizer to automatically control the flow of the diluent to a set ratio of the flow of the fuel oil,3. a pressure controller sensing the pressure at the vaporizer outlet and downstream overhead to automatically control the heat input to the vaporizer and optionally,4. a flow control valve set to automatically control the flow of the separator overhead to the burner; also,5.

Abstract: A control system that provides a safety limit and temperature control for an oil preheater used with oil burners that burn viscous grades of fuel oil. The control incorporates a first temperature sensor for control of a fuel oil heater and a second temperature sensing means to provide for a safe start check of an oil burner.The start is allowed only if the temperature of the oil is at or above the temperature required for proper operation of the fuel burner.