Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in burners of furnaces such as those used in steam cracking. The apparatus includes a burner tube having a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube adjacent to a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip. At least one passageway from a second opening in the furnace ending adjacent to the upstream end of the burner tube is provided. Also provided is a means for drawing flue gas from the furnace through the passageway in response to an inspirating effect created by uncombusted fuel flowing through the burner tube. At least one heat exchange tube disposed in the passageway wherein air that is cooler than the flue gas flows through the heat exchange tube into a secondary air chamber permitting heat to be transferred from the flue gas to the air to create preheated air.

Abstract: A staged-air burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking. The burner includes a burner tube including (i) a downstream end, (ii) an upstream end for receiving fuel and air, flue gas or mixtures thereof from a primary air chamber, and (iii) a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of said burner tube and directed to the first flame opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of said burner tip; a secondary air chamber for supplying a second portion of combustion air, said secondary air chamber in fluid communication with at least one air port; and a wall peripherally surrounding said burner tip to provide a barrier between a base of a flame at said burner tip and said at least one air port.

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking. The burner includes a primary air chamber; a burner tube including (i) a downstream end, (ii) an upstream end in fluid communication with the primary air chamber, and (iii) a burner tip mounted on the downstream end of the burner tube and directed to a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip; at least one flue gas recirculation duct having a first end at a second opening in the furnace and a second end opening into the primary air chamber, the first end being spaced an effective distance from the first opening for minimizing entrainment of a burner flame into the second opening.

Abstract: A burner for use in furnaces such as in steam cracking. The burner includes a burner tube having a downstream end and an upstream end. A burner tip is mounted on the burner tube adjacent a first opening in the furnace, so that combustion of the fuel takes place downstream of the burner tip. A fuel orifice located adjacent the upstream end of the burner tube is included for introducing fuel into the burner tube. The burner may also include at least one passageway for supplying flue gas from the furnace into a primary air chamber. The burner also has a structure responsive to an inspirating effect created by uncombusted fuel exiting the fuel orifice for drawing flue gas from the furnace through the passageway and the primary air chamber. The burner also includes a plate for centering the fuel orifice with the burner tube, the centering plate being perforated to permit flow therethrough.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic burner (1) of a combuster (2), in particular of a power station installation, comprising an annular duct (4) leading to the combuster (2), a catalyzer (5) arranged in the annular duct (4), a primary injection device (7) for injecting a fuel into the annular duct (4) upstream of the catalyzer (5), a secondary injection device (3) for directly injecting a fuel into the combuster (2). To stabilize a recirculation zone (29) in the combuster (2), a swirl generation device (6) is provided, which is arranged in the annular duct (4) downstream of the catalyzer (5) and subjects a flow through the catalyzer (5) to a swirl.

Abstract: An ultra low NOx burner for process heating is provided which includes a fluid based flame stabilizer which provides a fuel-lean flame at an equivalence ratio in the range of phi=0.05 to phi=0.3 and fuel staging lances surrounding the flame stabilizer in circular, flat, or load shaping profiles, each lance comprising a pipe having a staging nozzle at a firing end thereof, each lance having at least one hole for staging fuel injection, and each hole having a radial divergence angle and an axial divergence angle. The at least one hole and the divergence angles provide circular, flat or load shaping flame pattern. The burner provides NOx emissions of less than 9 ppmv at near stoichiometry combustion conditions.

Abstract: There is provided methods and systems for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and carbon loss from carbonaceous fuel combustion flue emissions. The preferred carbonaceous fuel is coal. The invention provides methods and systems comprising the use of coal as a reburn fuel for coal combustion systems. The invention comprises low temperature pyrolysis producing gaseous hydrocarbons for the reduction of nitrogen oxides and treatment of char with resulting reduction of carbon loss.

Abstract: A combustion control system allows the dramatic reduction of NOx emission levels from industrial combustion processes without having recourse to expensive flue gas clean up methods. The system combines the technique of oscillating combustion with an adapted system for post combustion burn out of the excess of CO resulting from the low-NOx combustion zone. A process for fuel combustion includes generating an oscillating combustion zone by oscillating at least one of the fuel flow and the oxidant flow to achieve a reduced nitrogen oxide emission, selecting oscillating parameters and furnace operating parameters to maximize nitrogen oxide reduction efficiency to the detriment of carbon monoxide production, and combusting carbon monoxide downstream of the oscillating combustion zone by injecting a post combustion oxidant.

Abstract: This invention concerns a boiler fitted with a burner suitable for wall heaters or built-in kitchen heaters in which a mantle-shaped heat exchanger made of pipe elements connected in parallel and/or series divides the boiler chamber into a combustion chamber and an exhaust chamber. The heat exchanger has openings for hot flue gases distributed over its mantle. The burner head disposed in the combustion chamber is suitable for burning oil and has a flame tube with an axial flame opening and a flame baffle element disposed at a distance from the flame opening which is constructed so that the flame is diverted into the space between the flame tube and the heat exchanger. In addition, a fire chamber mantle can be disposed between the heat exchanger and the flame tube to protect the heat exchanger from direct contact with the flame.

Abstract: This invention relates to a burner and a method of combustion for producing a flame jet sheet or sheets for various applications in industrial furnaces. The burner has at least one linear or curvilinear flame nozzle having a ratio of width to height of greater than unity in order to produce high velocity and high temperature flame jet sheet or sheets with a well defined geometry. The burner is capable of being scaled to various sizes for various industrial furnace applications due to its geometry.

Abstract: A low emissions burner includes a diffusion burner surrounded by an annular array of premix burners. The diffusion burner operates at maximum swirl air flow and at a low constant fuel rate to reduce NOx emissions. The diffusion burner provides a stable swirling diffusion flame. An annular array of premix burners surrounds the diffusion burner and provides a non-swirling premix flame about the diffusion flame to advantageously provide a higher heat content about the periphery of the burner flame to facilitate industrial drying processes using the burner. The diffusion burner flame maintains the premixed flame stabilized. Water injection nozzles are provided each of the premix and diffusion burners.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of a fuel in which a first-stage fuel and a first-stage oxidant are introduced into a combustion chamber and ignited, forming a primary combustion zone. At least about 5% of the total heat output produced by combustion of the first-stage fuel and the first-stage oxidant is removed from the primary combustion zone, forming cooled first-stage combustion products. A portion of the cooled first-stage combustion products from a downstream region of the primary combustion zone is recirculated to an upstream region of primary combustion zone. A second-stage fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber downstream of the primary combustion zone and ignited, forming a secondary combustion zone. At least about 5% of the heat from the secondary combustion zone is removed. In accordance with one embodiment, a third-stage oxidant is introduced into the combustion chamber downstream of the secondary combustion zone, forming a tertiary combustion zone.

Abstract: A burner assemblage includes an elongated, round burner assembly having a central axis and including internal baffle structure. The baffle structure is arranged to cause concentric primary and secondary air flows to move in a direction generally parallel to said axis. The secondary air flow is generally annular in shape and the same is disposed in generally surrounding relationship relative to said primary air flow. The assemblage also includes a swirler structure for swirling the air primary and secondary air flowing through the central portions of the burner. The swirler structure includes a first swirler component located in a position for swirling the primary air flow. The first swirler component has an outer circumferential edge that extends around the axis of the burner in radially spaced relationship thereto. The swirler also includes a second generally annular swirler component located in a position for swirling the secondary air flow independently of the swirling of the primary air flow.

Abstract: A burner and method for reducing NOx emissions from process heaters, boilers, and other heating systems having flue gases present therein. The inventive burner and method preferably involve the single stage combustion of fuel gas which is ejected outside of a burner wall in free jet flow such that at least a portion of the flue gas is entrained in the fuel gas as it travels to a combustion zone at the forward end of the burner wall. Air or other oxygen-containing gas is preferably delivered to the combustion zone via an interior passageway. The inventive burner preferably comprises a plurality of ejectors positioned outside of the burner wall and preferably also comprises one or more exterior impact structures positioned to assist in further mixing the flue gas with the fuel.

Abstract: Improved methods and apparatus for burning fuel with low NOx formation are provided. A method of the invention for discharging a mixture of fuel gas and air into a furnace wherein the mixture is burned and flue gases having a low NOx content are formed includes the following steps. A first portion of the fuel gas is mixed with a first portion of the air to form a primary fuel gas-air mixture. The primary fuel gas-air mixture is discharged into a primary burning zone in the furnace from at least one discharge location surrounded by a wall which extends into the furnace. A second portion of the fuel and a second portion of the air are mixed to form a secondary fuel gas-air mixture. The secondary fuel gas-air mixture is discharged into a secondary burning zone in the furnace from at least one discharge location adjacent to an exterior side of the wall.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for burning a gaseous fuel/oxidant mixture (4), in particular for a power plant installation, comprising a catalyzer/swirl generator arrangement (2), in which part of the fuel/oxidant mixture (4) is burned and which generates a swirl flow (6).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and to a device intended for spontaneous combustion of a fuel comprising organic, vegetable or mineral materials, the device comprising a combustion chamber, at least one fuel injection means, at least one air inlet, hot fumes discharge means. Chamber (1) comprises a cylindrical shell (11), the discharge means comprise a pipe (6) having the same axis as the chamber and arranged inside said chamber, and fuel injection means (7) is arranged substantially tangential to said cylindrical shell so that the fuel follows a circular motion around said pipe in the chamber.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for incinerating waste gas comprising; a plurality of combustion nozzles 20 arranged in periphery of an inner tube for discharging the waste gas into the combustion chamber, an incineration inner tube 30 for shielding the flare smoke, the flame light and the noise being generated during incineration of the waste gas and being discharged from the combustion nozzle 20, said incineration inner tube 30 having a plurality of air inlets 32 at its lower periphery, and an outer tube 40 for introducing the swirl air into the flame generation side for providing the swirl force to the combusted gas which is elevated within the inner tube 30, said outer tube 40 is provided with several air inlet passages 42 tangentially formed in communication with the incineration inner tube 30.

Abstract: What is described is a burner system with a premix burner (1), in which is provided at least one vortex generator (2), through which passes an air-containing gaseous main flow (ZL) which flows axially through the premix burner (1) and into which gaseous and/or liquid fuel is injected, downstream of the vortex generator (2), as a secondary flow for generating a fuel/air mixture, and with a combustion chamber (5) which adjoins the premix burner (1) downstream of the latter and has a combustion chamber cross section (C2) which is larger than the flow cross section (C1), delimited by the premix burner (1), directly upstream of the combustion chamber (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalyzer for burning at least part of a fuel/oxidant mixture flowing through the catalyzer, in particular for a burner of a power plant installation. The catalyzer comprises several catalytically active channels and several catalytically inactive channels. A longitudinal section of the catalyzer is spaced apart from an inflow side in the main flow direction. In this longitudinal section turbulators are arranged in at least several catalytically active channels. In addition or alternatively, connections that enable a flow between the channels are formed in this longitudinal section between several adjoining channels.

Abstract: In a method for injecting fuel into a burner (1), which burner (1) comprises an inner chamber (22) enclosed by at least one shell (8, 9), at which inner chamber fuel is injected through fuel nozzles (6) into a combustion air stream (23) flowing inside the inner chamber (22), the resulting fuel/air mixture flows within a time-lag (&tgr;) to a flame front (3) in a combustion chamber (2), and is ignited there, the formation of thermoacoustic, ignition-driven vibrations is achieved in that the fuel is injected in such a way by means of fuel nozzles (6) distributed over the burner length that the time-lag (&tgr;) between the injection of the fuel and its combustion at the flame front (3) corresponds to a distribution (12) that varies systematically over the burner length for the various fuel nozzles and reduces the vibrations.

Abstract: No exit-flame burner includes nested elongate mixing and ignition tubes. The mixing chamber tube is of shorter length than the ignition chamber tube and is nested coaxially. The first ends of the ignition and mixing chamber tubes are sealed by a sealing member. A gas port for delivery of oxygen-bearing gas is formed in the sealing member. A gas diffuser is nested coaxially within the mixing chamber tube. A fuel-feeding bore within the gas diffuser is aligned coaxially within the mixing chamber tube. The gas diffuser is shaped as a rhombus in cross-section along the longitudinal axis to thereby define a rim around an apex thereof. The rim extends substantially around, closely adjacent to, a corresponding inside surface of the mixing chamber tube to thereby define an upstream gas plenum upstream of the rim between the rim and the sealing member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a catalytic burner (1) of a combuster (2), in particular of a power station installation, comprising

Abstract: According to the invention, in burners having a swirl generator (100), a mixing tube (220) and a combustion chamber (30), the transition from the mixing tube (220) to the combustion chamber (30) is designed with a variable radius over the circumference of the mixing tube (220). As a result, it is possible to form the flame in various shapes—from a circle to an ellipse with a ratio of width to height of 3 at most. The number of burners in a gas turbine may thus be advantageously reduced. Burners of existing gas turbines may be converted in a simple manner.

Abstract: A flat-flame burner for reheat, holding, and heat-treatment furnaces for treating iron and steel products. It has at least one fuel-injection pipe lying along the axis of the body of the burner, a combustion tunnel and a combustion-air feed, the air being distributed in and by the body. The fuel is introduced via the injection pipe or pipes through at least one axial orifice lying in a plane close to the external plane of the combustion tunnel, into the combustion products. This produces a first dilution of the fuel in these combustion products, the fuel/combustion products mixture thus obtained being diluted further in the combustion air.

Abstract: A burner system with staged fuel injection includes a burner with a swirl generator (1) for a combustion air stream and device(s) for introducing fuel into the combustion air stream, wherein the fuel introducing devices include at least two separate fuel supply elements (4a, 4b) with groups of fuel outlet openings for corresponding premix fuel amounts, wherein a first group is arranged downstream from a second group. The burner system furthermore includes measurement value probes (8, 9) for measuring the pulsations and emissions of the combustion, as well as a control device (10) that controls the two stages (4a, 4b) for introducing fuel dependent on the measured measuring values. The burner system permits optimized operation of the system even under changing operating and environmental conditions.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel in a combustion chamber of a furnace or boiler are presented, the combustion normally using only air as an oxidant, part of the air entering the combustion chamber through one or more burners, and a remaining portion of air entering the combustion chamber at a plurality of locations downstream of the burners. The methods comprise injecting oxygen-enriched gas through a plurality of lances into the combustion chamber at a plurality of downstream locations, the oxygen-enriched gas injected at a velocity ranging from subsonic to supersonic, and the oxygen-enriched gas being present in an amount sufficient to provide an oxygen concentration of no more than 2% on a volume basis greater than when air is used alone as oxidant.

Abstract: A system for combusting difficult to combust fluid such as waste fluid wherein fuel and gaseous oxidant combust in a hot combustion gas chamber to form a hot combustion gas mixture which is accelerated to a high speed and at a steady, i.e. non-pulsing, flow is then used to atomize and then combust the fluid.

Abstract: An automated, computer-controlled landfill condensate injection system includes a pump that pumps condensate into a flare chamber at a pressure that is sufficiently high and through a nozzle that is configured to vaporize the condensate without requiring the use of high pressure air injected with the condensate. Secondary injection lines can also be provided that terminate in nozzles which are vertically staggered from each other along the chamber, to inject additional condensate into the flare and thus dispose of it at a higher rate depending on vaporization conditions. Computer-controlled valves can be provided in the lines for selectively opening and closing the lines.

Abstract: In a combustion unit, a fuel collision member is disposed between a fuel injection valve and a combustion chamber. The fuel collision member is positioned so that, a part of fuel injected from said fuel injection valve is introduced into the combustion chamber while colliding with the fuel collision member, and the other part of fuel is directly introduced into the combustion chamber without colliding with the fuel collision member. Thus, fuel introduced into the combustion chamber is atomized while being introduced into the combustion chamber in a wide range.

Abstract: Low NOx axial premix burner apparatus and methods for burning fuel gas are provided by the present invention. The methods of the invention are basically comprised of the steps of mixing a first portion of the fuel gas and all of the air to form a lean primary fuel gas-air mixture, discharging the lean primary fuel gas-air mixture into the furnace space whereby the mixture is burned in a primary combustion zone therein, discharging a second portion of the fuel gas into the primary combustion zone to stabilize the flame produced therein and discharging the remaining portion of the fuel gas into a secondary combustion zone in the furnace space.

Abstract: A compound spin vane (CSV) for use in an air passage of a fossil fuel-fired burner. In one embodiment, the CSV is a multi-piece construction of platelike outer and inner vane elements connected to an intermediate platelike rail element. In another embodiment, the CSV includes at least two and possibly three vane portions, rigidly interconnected in spaced lateral relationship with respect to each other. If desired, the vane portions may be simple, curved planar surfaces, and may be arranged with trailing edges arranged at angles with respect to each other. The invention may be employed as a replacement for flat spin vanes found in secondary air passages of known single and dual register burners. When used in such manner in a single register burner, the invention changes secondary air flow characteristics so as to mimic those commonly found in a dual register burner.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for incinerating waste gas comprising; a plurality of combustion nozzles 20 arranged in periphery of an inner tube for discharging the waste gas into the combustion chamber, an incineration inner tube 30 for shielding the flare smoke, the flame light and the noise being generated during incineration of the waste gas and being discharged from the combustion nozzle 20, said incineration inner tube 30 having a plurality of air inlets 32 at its lower periphery, and an outer tube 40 for introducing the swirl air into the flame generation side for providing the swirl force to the combusted gas which is elevated within the inner tube 30, said outer tube 40 is provided with several air inlet passages 42 tangentially formed in communication with the incineration inner tube 30.

Abstract: In furnaces for producing high purity fused silica glass boules, glass particles have a tendency to build-up adjacent the burner hole rim. It was discovered that unburned furnace gases containing silica particles where re-circulated in the furnace close to the burner hole rim and reacted with the oxygen of infiltrated air adjacent the burner hole, and thus deposited such particles in the form of a glassy build-up about the rim of the burner hole. In order to eliminate the source of oxygen adjacent the burner hole rim, a curtain of an inert gas is caused to flow through the burner hole between the sidewalls of the burner hole and the flame of the burner. Accordingly, the curtain of inert gas inhibits the combustion of the unburned hydrogen and carbon monoxide furnace gases adjacent the exit rim of the burner hole and thereby minimizes glass build-up about the burner hole rim.

Abstract: A round burner capable of being operated with reduced CO and NOx emissions includes a venturi tube positioned to direct a flow of air through the burner and into a combustion zone in a combustion chamber through an entrance in a wall of the combustion chamber. The venturi tube has inlet and outlet ends and a throat. The outlet end of the venturi tube has a larger internal diameter than either the inlet end or the throat and the same is positioned adjacent the entrance to the combustion chamber. The inlet end of the venturi tube is also positioned further from the entrance than the outlet end of the venturi tube. The burner may include a duct system that includes an inlet disposed in fluid communication with the combustion zone and an outlet disposed in fluid communication with the venturi tube adjacent the throat thereof.

Abstract: A fluid-fuel burner of the type producing a flame with axial development, which includes a combustion tile, having a broad shape, provided with an oxidizer and fuel injection orifices. These are approximately parallel to the major axis of symmetry of the tile, the internal shape of the latter as well as the orientation of the fuel and oxidizer injection orifices being chosen so as to create a difference in the distribution of the combustion products and of the recycled flue gases. A spread out flame is produced which ensures homogeneous distribution of the heat flux.

Abstract: No exit-flame burner includes nested elongate mixing and ignition tubes. The mixing chamber tube is of shorter length than the ignition chamber tube and is nested coaxially. The first ends of the ignition and mixing chamber tubes are sealed by a sealing member. A gas port for delivery of oxygen-bearing gas is formed in the sealing member. A gas diffuser is nested coaxially within the mixing chamber tube. A fuel-feeding bore within the gas diffuser is aligned coaxially within the mixing chamber tube. The gas diffuser is shaped as a rhombus in cross-section along the longitudinal axis to thereby define a rim around an apex thereof. The rim extends substantially around, closely adjacent to, a corresponding inside surface of the mixing chamber tube to thereby define an upstream gas plenum upstream of the rim between the rim and the sealing member.

Abstract: A method for reducing NOx emissions from the combustion of carbonaceous fuels using three stages of oxidation and second stage in-situ furnace flue gas recirculation. In the first stage, a partial oxidation combustor is used to partially combust the fuel in the presence of preheated combustion air. The fuel gas produced in the partial oxidation process is passed to a second stage partial oxidation combustor while molten slag is removed and disposed of. Preheated combustion air also is introduced into the second stage of combustion to produce a slightly reducing flue gas and is injected into the furnace in such a way as to create the desired in-situ furnace flue gas recirculation. In the upper part of the furnace a third combustion air is mixed with the flue gas in a third stage of combustion to substantially complete the combustion process. Preheated steam may be added to the first or second stages of combustion.

Abstract: A heater for heating turbine exhaust gas (TEG) flowing in a downstream direction through a duct formed by sets of opposing side walls is described. A flame shield has first and second plates which extend symmetrically with respect to a horizontal center line substantially across the duct, diverge in the downstream direction, and terminate in plate edges which are spaced from proximate duct side walls. Each plate defines spaced-apart, first and second slits which communicate an upstream side of the plate with a downstream side thereof. The slits are spaced from the center line and from the plate edges. A heating gas supply pipe extends parallel to the center line across the duct and has a plurality of spaced-apart orifices that face in a downstream direction and are in flow communication with the downstream side of the plate.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided including a furnace structure defining a reaction chamber in which oxidant and fuel are reacted to form combustion products and having an anchor surface having an opening through which the oxidant and fuel are introduced into the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is configured to recirculate the combustion products back toward the anchor surface. The apparatus also includes an anchor outlet configured to create a layer of combustion products directed along the anchor surface under the influence of the recirculated combustion products. The apparatus further includes a primary outlet configured to direct primary fuel to flow into the reaction chamber through the opening and the layer of combustion products so as to ignite the primary fuel.

Abstract: There exists a tendency in the construction of combustion devices to employ a multi-level, spatially distributed feed of the combustion air in order to be able to better influence the stoichiometric ratios during the combustion. These solutions are little suited for the compact construction and, in addition, the flame temperature is too high in the region of the air feed relative to a low NOx combustion if one does not employ expensive constructions with additional cooling bodies.

Abstract: A self-cooled oxidant-fuel burner consisting novel fuel and oxidant nozzles and three compartment refractory burner block design is proposed. The new oxidant-fuel burner can fire in high-temperature (2200° F. to 3000° F.) and high-particulate (or high process volatiles/condensates) furnaces without over-heating or causing chemical corrosion damage to it's metallic burner nozzle and refractory burner block interior. Using various embodiments of nozzle and block shape, the burner can offer a traditional cylindrical flame or flat flame depending on the heating load requirements. The new features of this burner include unique fuel nozzle design for the streamline mixing of fuel and oxidant streams, a controlled swirl input to the oxidant flow for desired flame characteristics, a controlled expansion of flame envelope in the radial and axial dimensions, and efficient sweeping of burner block interior surface using oxidant to provide convective cooling and prevent any build up of process particulates.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and method for increasing the reactivity of a fuel/air mixture prior to homogenous combustion of the mixture. More specifically, this invention is a pilot for a gas turbine combustor which utilizes the heat of combustion within the pilot to increase the reactivity of a portion of the fuel/air mixture utilized by the pilot.

Abstract: Provision of a low-NOx burner allowed to further reduce NOx only by structural design of the burner in comparison with prior art. The low-NOx burner comprises a main nozzle 13 for injecting a premixture formed by mixing fuel and an oxidizer, and a secondary flame-holding nozzle 12A for making a premixture or an oxidizer impinge on the premixture injected from the main nozzle 13, in a direction at an approximately right angle to the injection direction of the main nozzle 13.

Abstract: A combustor includes a pilot fuel nozzle and a plurality of main premixing nozzles arranged therearound for forming a premixture of air and fuel supplied from a main fuel nozzle, and is improved so as not to cause vibratory combustion. Pilot fuel nozzle unit 104 comprises a plurality of pilot fuel nozzles 103. A plurality of main premixing nozzles 102 are disposed on a coaxial circumference of the pilot fuel nozzle unit 104. The pilot fuel nozzles 103 are arranged irregularly in a circumferential direction of the pilot fuel nozzle unit 104, so as to form portion 105 where there is no pilot fuel nozzle 103. Premature in the main premixing nozzles 102 positioned corresponding to the pilot fuel nozzle 103 burns with comparatively short flames. Premature in the main premixing nozzles 102 positioned corresponding to the portion 105 of no pilot fuel nozzle 103 burns with long flames because of flames spreading from adjacent main fuel nozzles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for improving the economics of flue gas recirculation. In particular, the present invention relates to an apparatus for the minimization of oxides of nitrogen (“NOx”) in the exhaust gas of various combustion processes via balanced pressure drops of the recirculation gas, and a method for the calculation of flue gas recirculation percentage. The flue gas recirculation system achieves the balanced pressure drops by sizing the air intake line and recirculation line associated with the system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a burner and a method of combustion for producing a flame jet sheet or sheets for various applications in industrial furnaces. The burner has at least one linear or curvilinear flame nozzle having a ratio of width to height of greater than unity in order to produce high velocity and high temperature flame jet sheet or sheets with a well defined geometry. The burner is capable of being scaled to various sizes for various industrial furnace applications due to its geometry.

Abstract: A process for the thermal treatment of incombustible liquids in a combustion space of a combustion apparatus by contacting the incombustible liquid with a supplementary fuel in the combustion space in the presence of at least one reactive gas. The process of the invention comprises feeding the incombustible liquid and the supplementary fuel into the combustion space (1) at different points, mixing the incombustible liquid with at least one reactive gas and the supplementary fuel with at least one inert gas prior to the contacting, and vaporizing the incombustible liquid and supplementary fuel prior to the contacting in the combustion space. The advantage of this invention is that environmentally harmful waste waters in particular are disposed of by burning these using a supplementary fuel. The required amounts of supplementary fuel are minimal in the process and only small amounts of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and soot are generated.

Abstract: A device for burning vented fuel has a housing defining and substantially enclosing a combustion chamber. The housing has an air inlet, a vented fuel inlet, and an exhaust gas outlet. A manifold burner is disposed in the combustion chamber and conveys the vented fuel into the combustion chamber. An ignition device is disposed in the chamber for igniting the vented fuel. The manifold burner and exhaust gas outlet define a direct exhaust gas path extending linearly from the manifold burner to the exhaust gas outlet. A deflection shield is disposed in the direct exhaust gas path, and is sized at least as large as the approximate size of the exhaust gas outlet, for substantially deflecting exhaust gas and heat produced by the combustion of vented fuel away from the exhaust gas outlet. The deflection shield is displaced from the exhaust gas outlet to create a gap for allowing exhaust gas to escape the combustion chamber along a nonlinear path.

Abstract: A burner, in particular for a gas turbine, in which combustion air is subjected to a vorticity by a vortex element, admits fuel to the vortical combustion air. At the same time, a pressure loss produced by the vortex element is small. A low NOx emission at virtually the same efficiency is achieved.