Abstract: An inner drum for use in a dryer/mixer in connection with the production of an aggregate-binder mix includes a plurality of mixing paddles disposed on the outer surface of the inner drum and arranged in a plurality of rows. The mixing paddles are configured to rotate through a mixing chamber as the inner drum rotates within an outer drum of the dryer/mixer to mix aggregate and binder together. Interstitial spaces are formed between rows of mixing paddles and material leads, where aggregate material preferentially travels as the inner drum is rotated, extend along the mixing chamber. At least one interstitial mixing paddle is located on the outer surface of the inner drum and in one of the interstitial spaces at one of the material leads. The interstitial mixing paddle rotates through the mixing chamber as the inner drum rotates to also mix the aggregate and binder together.

Abstract: Processes for producing liquid fuels from a mainly organic starting material with a reduced content in water and/or with a reduced content in solids are disclosed. The mainly organic starting material can be at least partially liquified and optionally further dewatered. The obtained at least partially liquid fraction can be thereafter used as feeding stream that is submitted to a pyrolysis treatment resulting in a solid gas fraction allowing the recovering of a liquid fuels after a controlled liquid solid separation treatment. There are also provided various other processes for producing liquid fuel from waste hydrocarbon and/or organic material as well as reactors, apparatuses, uses and managing systems thereof.

Abstract: A dryer adapted for use in an asphalt plant. The dryer includes a drum having an inner wall and a flight having a proximal end connecting the flight to the inner wall of the drum and a distal end that is spaced apart from the proximal end. A first profile extends from the proximal end to the distal end of the flight and defines a flight shape. A notch is formed in the distal end of the flight, which notch includes a notch shape that is defined by a second profile. The second profile has a length L, a center point, and a portion that substantially approximates a conic section.

Abstract: A solid fuel manufacturing apparatus includes: a mixture producing device to produce a mixture by kneading wet combustible waste and a dehydrating agent to accelerate dehydrating the combustible waste; a mixture containing device; an intake device to introduce outside air into the mixture containing device; an exhaust device to discharge exhaust air out of the mixture containing device; a drive device to rotate the mixture containing device; a control device to control operations of the drive device; and a breaking device to break up the mixture contained in the mixture containing device. The dehydrating agent is made of an emulsion containing synthetic resin. The breaking device is placed along an inner peripheral wall of the mixture containing device and configured to scoop the mixture upward in the internal space and allow the mixture to freely fall from above in the internal space by rotation of the mixture containing device.

Abstract: A drum or drum segment for a drying apparatus of pourable material having built-in components arranged within the drum, which is rotatable about its central axis. The built-in components thoroughly mix and convey the pourable material from a drum entrance to a drum exit while guiding through a tempered gaseous transport fluid. Several support rings are arranged between the built-in components and the drum. The support rings are arranged to be statically supporting, but compensate tensile and compressive stresses in an elastic manner. The support rings are connected to the built-in components, a support frame and the drum, or a combination thereof A method for producing the drum or drum segments includes pre-mounting modules of built-in components and inserting the modules of built-in components into the drum or the drum segment.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to carbonizing and activating carbonaceous material.

Abstract: A rotary tube furnace (1) comprising an insulated heating chamber (4), the insulated heating chamber having a product discharge outlet (21) and a process tube inlet (39), a heating element (14) operatively arranged to selectively heat the heating chamber, a generally horizontally extending process tube (2) supported for rotation relative to the heating chamber, the process tube having a first portion (36) generally arranged outside of the heating chamber and a cantilevered second portion (37) extending from the first portion into the heating chamber and terminating at a discharge end (38) within the heating chamber, a feed mechanism (40) configured and arranged to feed product into the process tube, and a bearing assembly operating between a support frame (34) and the first portion of the process tube and configured and arranged to support the process tube and transmit rotational torque to the process tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tubular reactor with a rotating reactor chamber (9) for thermal treatment of biomass. It is characterized by the reactor chamber (9) being subdivided into zones by ring-shaped plates (10). These zones cause the particles to be retained in a particular area and thoroughly mixed there, i.e., the particles being treated are homogenized and the retention time also becomes more homogenous.

Abstract: Provided is a rotary kiln having a cylindrical shell having an inner cylindrical surface and a longitudinal axis and a kiln lining disposed on the inner cylindrical surface of the shell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus processing materials including medical waste, municipal waste, along with other wastes, and processing materials; the apparatus comprising an elongate pressure vessel of generally cylindrical configuration having an inlet end, and an end cap for the inlet.

Abstract: In the case of a rotary hearth furnace of annular construction for the heat treatment of workpieces, which has a furnace chamber, an annular rotary hearth, a rotary drive which drives the rotary hearth and a plurality of racks for receiving or supporting workpieces, which are arranged on the annular rotary hearth and are provided with receiving elements, which divide a respective rack into at least two horizontal planes for receiving workpieces, the intention is to provide a solution which makes extremely uniform heating of the workpieces to be heattreated in the furnace chamber possible in a structurally simple and cost-effective manner. This is achieved in that provision is made, at least between two horizontal planes of a respective rack, of at least one additional heating apparatus which heats the workpieces held in the corresponding horizontal planes.

Abstract: Provided is a kiln lens comprising an annular structure defined by a section rotated about an axis. The section comprises a top surface, a base surface, an upstream surface forming an angle with the base of from 10 to 75 degrees, inclusive, and a downstream surface forming an angle with the base of from 10 to 75 degrees, inclusive.

Abstract: A method and apparatus processing materials including medical waste, municipal waste, along with other wastes, and processing materials; the apparatus comprising an elongate pressure vessel of generally cylindrical configuration having an inlet end, and an end cap for the inlet.

Abstract: A method and template are provided for modifying an asphalt dryer/mixer that includes an outer drum and an inner drum with a plurality of mixing paddles, the two drums forming an annular mixing chamber in which asphalt cement and aggregate materials are mixed. The template comprises a bracket marking portion that is adapted to locate one or more brackets on the inner drum and a paddle reference portion that is adapted to locate the bracket marking portion with respect to a mixing paddle. A mixing paddle to be referenced for locating a bracket is selected and the template is placed on the inner drum with the paddle reference portion referencing the selected mixing paddle. The template is used to mark the location of the bracket, the bracket is affixed to the outer surface of the inner drum at the bracket location marked; and an agitation strand is attached to the bracket.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a rotary tube (1), in particular for a rotary tubular kiln for the production of activated charcoal, according to the invention the rotary tube (1) being provided on its outside with at least one reinforcing element (8) for stabilizing the rotary tube (1) in the operating state. As a result, the rotary tube (1) exposed under operating conditions to high temperatures and consequently easily deformable is stabilized in its cross section and/or in its longitudinal direction, depending on the arrangement of the reinforcing element. In particular, the rotary tube (1), for example when it is used for the production of activated charcoal, with the accompanying high operating temperatures, is equipped with efficient resistance to pronounced pressure fluctuations occurring due to the method employed and is therefore also suitable, in particular, for carrying out processes under reduced or increased pressure.

Abstract: The invention has as subject matter a rotary tube, especially for a rotary tube kiln for the production of carbon, with several mixing elements arranged in the inner space of the rotary tube for a thorough mixing of a charged material. The rotary tube comprises a transitional area from a smaller inside cross section to a larger inside cross section of the rotary tube. The mixing elements are formed in the transitional area and/or are arranged in such a manner that the charged material is transported during operation by the mixing elements toward the smaller inside cross section. The result is an excellent thorough axial mixing and blending of the charged material, which results in an increased homogeneity of the activated carbon produced.

Abstract: A method is provided for carbonizing and activating carbonaceous material, which comprises supplying the material to an externally fired rotary kiln maintained at carbonizing and activating temperatures, the kiln having a downward slope to progress the material as it rotates, the kiln having an atmosphere substantially free of oxygen provided by a counter-current of steam or carbon dioxide, and annular weirs being provided at intervals along the kiln to control progress of the material. There may further be provided an externally fired rotary kiln for carbonizing and activating carbonaceous material having a hollow rotary body that has a downward slope towards a discharge end thereof, and which is provided at intervals along its length with annular weirs for controlling progress of the carbonaceous material. In embodiments, there is also provided a process is for producing discrete solid beads of polymeric material e.g.

Abstract: A rotary tube furnace (1) comprising an insulated heating chamber (4), the insulated heating chamber having a product discharge outlet (21) and a process tube inlet (39), a heating element (14) operatively arranged to selectively heat the heating chamber, a generally horizontally extending process tube (2) supported for rotation relative to the heating chamber, the process tube having a first portion (36) generally arranged outside of the heating chamber and a cantilevered second portion (37) extending from the first portion into the heating chamber and terminating at a discharge end (38) within the heating chamber, a feed mechanism (40) configured and arranged to feed product into the process tube, and a bearing assembly operating between a support frame (34) and the first portion of the process tube and configured and arranged to support the process tube and transmit rotational torque to the process tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus processing materials including medical waste, municipal waste, along with other wastes, and processing materials; the apparatus comprising an elongate pressure vessel of generally cylindrical configuration having an inlet end, and an end cap for the inlet.

Abstract: A conveyor for moving hot material at temperatures on this order of 1000° F. or higher along a trough receiving the material has one or more cooling liquid flow vessels extending over but spaced from the outer surface of a trough inner wall to indirectly cause cooling of the inner wall. A heat transfer connection conductively interconnect the vessel and the inner trough wall such as interposed thin webs or plates, or alternatively a mass of conductive beads interposed to controllably transfer heat into the cooling liquid flow vessel. A series of wear plates are clamped to a pushing side of a helical tube of an auger type conveyor, which tube can also receive a flow of cooling liquid. The arrangement of a mass of conductive beads is usable in other applications to provide a non rigid mechanical support of a controlled thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A rotary kiln for pyroprocessing particulate material includes a cylindrical kiln shell supported for rotation about a longitudinal central axis. The kiln has a discharge opening that includes a lump breaker system. The lump breaker system includes multiple insert retainers mounted to the shell and positioned along the inner circumference of the rotary kiln. Each insert retainer includes multiple mounting slots for receiving breaker inserts that can be easily removed and replaced when worn. Each of the breaker inserts can be individually removed from its respective retainer without removing either the retainer or the layer of refractory in the rotary kiln.

Abstract: The invention has as subject matter a rotary tube, especially for a rotary tube kiln for the production of carbon, with several mixing elements arranged in the inner space of the rotary tube for a thorough mixing of a charged material. The rotary tube comprises a transitional area from a smaller inside cross section to a larger inside cross section of the rotary tube. The mixing elements are formed in the transitional area and/or are arranged in such a manner that the charged material is transported during operation by the mixing elements toward the smaller inside cross section. The result is an excellent thorough axial mixing and blending of the charged material, which results in an increased homogeneity of the activated carbon produced.

Abstract: The invention provides a raw materials feeding apparatus capable of uniformly dispersing and feeding into a furnace agglomerated raw materials that are likely to undergo dusting, deformation and mutual adhesion. In a raw material feeding apparatus for a rotary hearth furnace, for feeding raw materials to a rotary hearth furnace by using a flat belt conveyor, the invention employs a construction in which a scraper for guiding the raw materials on the flat belt conveyor to a side surface of the flat belt conveyor is arranged obliquely to a traveling direction of the flat belt conveyor. Preferably, the scraper is arranged in such a manner as to guide the raw materials to both sides of the flat belt conveyor.

Abstract: A method is described for reducing NOx emissions and improving energy efficiency during mineral processing in a rotary kiln. The method comprises injection of air with high velocity/high kinetic energy into the kiln to reduce or eliminate stratification of kiln gases. The method can be applied to mix gases in a rotary kiln vessel or in a preheater/precalciner vessel.

Abstract: A rotary drum configured for the efficient blending, cooling, and screening of granular products having an outer cylindrical shell, an intake end, and an exit or discharge end. The rotary drum is normally rotated at a predetermined speed by a conventional drive package. Disposed on an inner surface of the cylindrical shell is a plurality of compound helical flights and scoops or lifts, configured to blend granular product as it cascades from the intake end to the discharge or exit end of the rotary drum. A coaxially disposed cylindrical air passage adjacent the discharge end of the rotary drum, comprising an inner cylinder, that directs a counter flow of cooling air through the rotary drum towards the intake end, for cooling the cascading granular product as it approaches the screening segment of the rotary drum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotary tube (1), in particular for a rotary tubular kiln for the production of activated carbon, said rotary tube (1) having a plurality of mixing elements (3), in particular metal turning plates, said mixing elements (3) being arranged in the interior (2) of the rotary tube (1) for circulating and/or mixing the charge material (4). The rotary tube (1) has apertures (5) for receiving securing sections (6) of the mixing elements (3), the securing sections (6) being welded to the outer side of the rotary tube (1). This prevents the welding location being exposed to the aggressive conditions in the interior (2) of the rotary tube (1) in the operating state during production of activated carbon, and it is readily possible for the welding location to be inspected from the outside, and for maintenance and repair to be carried out as necessary.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning and/or decontaminating polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The apparatus has an at least partially heated rotary tubular furnace to be fed with a mixture of polyester and an alkaline material and is for carrying out a saponification reaction in the mixture. The invention is distinguished in that within the rotary tubular furnace a weir is disposed which at least partly closes the interior of the rotary tubular furnace, and an orifice is formed in the shell of the rotary tubular furnace adjacent the weir for separating undersize grain from the PET.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for cleaning and/or decontaminating polyester, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The apparatus has an at least partially heated rotary tubular furnace to be fed with a mixture of polyester and an alkaline material and is for carrying out a saponification reaction in the mixture. The invention is distinguished in that within the rotary tubular furnace a weir is disposed which at least partly closes the interior of the rotary tubular furnace.

Abstract: The plant for the thermal treatment of material, in particular scrap material, comprises at least a reaction zone within a rotary kiln having the longitudinal axis inclined of an angle in the range 0°±45° with regard to an horizontal plane and provided of first heating means and of at least a rotary screw having second heating means. The screw shaft is hollow and has, at least locally, apertures allowing the flow of gas from and/or into the reaction zone, a plurality of thermally conductive particles being movable within the reaction zone.

Abstract: A material drying apparatus for substantially eliminating the liquid content of a sludge, the apparatus including a first stage operating at ambient pressure for heating the sludge; a second stage operating with partial vacuum for receiving heated sludge from the first stage for further heating and for drying the sludge by evaporation of substantially all liquid therefrom leaving a dry particulate material; and an evacuated cyclonic stage for applying sufficient centrifugal force to the dry particulate material to render this material odorless.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rotary kiln that can be used efficiently in drying, dry distillation and incineration of various garbage and industrial wastes. The rotary kiln comprises a cylindrical furnace body (10) disposed to incline at a small angle from the horizontal plane, a cylindrical contact heater (20) supported in the furnace body (10), a rotation drive means (30) that drives the furnace body (10) and the contact heater (20) to rotate, a waste charging port (61), a processed material discharging port (18), a combustion gas supply means (40) that supplies a combustion gas into the cylindrical contact heater (20) and a combustion gas introducing means (50) that guides the combustion gas through the contact heater (20) from a distal end to a proximate end thereof, and then guides the combustion gas through a space (S) between the contact heater (20) and the furnace body (10) from the proximate end to the distal end, thereby to charge.

Abstract: An indirect heating furnace heats a substance in a reaction tube with a high-temperature combustion gas without contact between the substance and the combustion gas. The reaction tube is a stationary ceramic tube. A combustion device for supplying said heating high-temperature combustion gas into the furnace in comprised of at least one pair of regenerative burners.

Abstract: The present invention is to a method and apparatus for changing the flighting (20) within a mixing drum (12). A plurality of radially spaced apart doors or paddles (30) are connected to one of the two adjacent supports (60). Each door or paddle (30) is pivotally connected (35,34) to the interior (13) of the drum (12) and can be either open or closed depending on which fixed support (60) the door/paddle is connected to.

Abstract: A trefoil for a rotary kiln is provided that has at least three spoke-like refractory legs. Each one of the legs extends radially outwardly from a center of the trefoil; spans approximately from the kiln shell to the center of the kiln; is pre-formed outside of the kiln for installation as a single-leg unit; and has a mating surface that preferably is uniform and even, thereby lacking interlocking features. The mating surfaces of the legs abut one another at the kiln center to provide mutual support. An alignment member, such as a pair of longitudinal angles, are welded to the kiln shell to position the legs. A corresponding method of installing the trefoil is disclosed that includes positioning and shimming the first two legs at the 4 o'clock position and 8 o'clock position, and installing the third leg at the 12 o'clock position.

Abstract: A grizzly bar device for a rotating kiln having an annular array of bars having at least two adjacent bars, wherein the thickness the bars is reduced in lateral and radial directions, and gap between the adjacent bars increases in width as the bars extend laterally from front to back of the bar and extend radially inward of the kiln. Another taper on a front face of the bars provides a cutting corner on each bar.

Abstract: Rotary kiln heat exchangers having precast hub and leg assemblies are disclosed. The hub and leg assemblies include interlocking features which secure the heat exchanger components together. A method of installing such heat exchangers in rotary kilns is also disclosed. Installation is relatively fast and simple, and the heat exchangers are capable of withstanding the harsh operating conditions of rotary kilns for extended periods of time.

Abstract: A rotary drum heater for mixing asphalt with a hot gas introduced into the drum by gas burners is disclosed. The drum has an inlet opening for material to enter the drum to be processed and an outlet opening for material to exit. The hot gas is blown into the interior of the drum and is diverted by a hot gas conduit segment that is designed to gently heat the asphalt.

Abstract: Rotary kiln heat exchangers having precast hub and leg assemblies are disclosed. The hub and leg assemblies include interlocking features which secure the heat exchanger components together. A method of installing such heat exchangers in rotary kilns is also disclosed. Installation is relatively fast and simple, and the heat exchangers are capable of withstanding the harsh operating conditions of rotary kilns for extended periods of time.

Abstract: An axially rotatable materials handling apparatus for handling a mixture of solid particulate and water, includes a heater mounted on the housing that can transfer heat to the mixture to prevent or thaw frozen water inside the apparatus. The heater can be a combustible fuel heater or an electric heater. The apparatus is particularly useful in winter weather to prevent water from freezing inside the apparatus or to thaw any frozen water already present.

Abstract: A grizzly bar device for a rotating kiln having an annular array of bars having at least two adjacent bars, wherein the thickness the bars is reduced in lateral and radial directions, and gap between the adjacent bars increases in width as the bars extend laterally from front to back of the bar and extend radially inward of the kiln. Another taper on a front face of the bars provides a cutting corner on each bar.

Abstract: A rotary kiln for pyroprocessing particulate material includes a cylindrical kiln shell supported for rotation about a longitudinal central axis. The kiln has a plurality of circumferentially spaced peripheral openings provided in the kiln shell near its exit end for discharging pyroprocessed particulate material therethrough. A raised grate disposed over each discharge opening has a generally convex geometric profile that projects into the interior of said kiln shell.

Abstract: A support stand for supporting an elongated rotary drum for rotation about a longitudinally extending drum axis includes a lower portion extending upwardly from a base to a tilted top extending in a plane of tilt; a correspondingly tilted upper portion mounted atop the lower portion, and a carrying roller rotatably mounted on the upper portion for rotation about a roller axis while a riding ring extending coaxially around the drum bears against and rides in rolling contact on the roller. The upper portion is rotatably positionable relative to the lower portion about a skew axis perpendicularly intersecting the plane of tilt at a fixed point. The skew axis substantially radially intersect the drum axis. As well, the skew axis substantially radially intersects the roller axis. A mechanism for adjusting the amount of skew and an indicator for displaying the amount of skew are also disclosed.

Abstract: A kiln fuel system and method for producing cement. The system includes a tank for storing a fuel and a suction heater for drawing and preheating the fuel from the tank. A pressure station pressurizes the preheated fuel and a heater heats the preheated and pressurized fuel. A burner receives the fuel from the heater and ignites the fuel to form a flame and heat the concrete. The fuel is preferably a bitumen/water fuel mixture. A burner valve train is provided for regulating an amount and mixture of fuel and air supplied to the burner, preventing the flow of fuel to the burner upon detection of a predetermined condition, regulating an amount of heated and pressurized fuel supplied to the burner and providing a source of pressurized air for controlling a size of the flame produced by the burner. A slop tank is connected to the tank for receiving the fuel upon detecting a temperature of the fuel is above a predetermined value in the suction heater or above a predetermined pressure in the pressurizing station.

Abstract: Methods for processing a substrate are disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, a substrate with a first layer and an oxide layer on the substrate is placed in a processing chamber. The oxide layer is removed while the substrate is at a first temperature in the processing chamber. A second layer is then formed on the first layer while the substrate is at a second temperature in the processing chamber.

Abstract: A method or an arrangement for making the fired-material discharge stream from a rotary kiln more uniform upstream of a cooler is distinguished by the fact that at least some of the fired material is conveyed out of the coarse-material discharge region (5) toward the fine-material discharge region (4) and/or at least some of the fired material is conveyed out of the fine-material discharge region (5) toward the coarse-material discharge region (5) before it reaches the cooler.

Abstract: A trefoil for a rotary kiln is provided that has at least three spoke-like refractory legs. Each one of the legs extends radially outwardly from a center of the trefoil; spans approximately from the kiln shell to the center of the kiln; is pre-formed outside of the kiln for installation as a single-leg unit; and has a mating surface that preferably is uniform and even, thereby lacking interlocking features. The mating surfaces of the legs abut one another at the kiln center to provide mutual support. An alignment member, such as a pair of longitudinal angles, are welded to the kiln shell to position the legs. A corresponding method of installing the trefoil is disclosed that includes positioning and shimming the first two legs at the 4 o'clock position and 8 o'clock position, and installing the third leg at the 12 o'clock position.

Abstract: A method of burning tires in a horizontally rotating combuster includes the steps of loading the tires into a rotating combustion chamber through a traveling air lock and burning them until they are reduced to ash; enhancing combustion by tumbling the burning tires in a tapered rotating chamber while adding preheated draft air; controlling the intake draft air using thermal expansion of the rotary combustion chamber to activate the draft control valve; advancing the residual ash with each successive revolution of the combustion chamber by use of angled flights on the inner surface of the chamber to an afterburner for completion of the combustion and disposal of the ash.

Abstract: A trefoil for a rotary kiln is provided that has at least three spoke-like refractory legs. Each one of the legs extends radially outwardly from a center of the trefoil; spans approximately from the kiln shell to the center of the kiln; is pre-formed outside of the kiln for installation as a single-leg unit; and has a mating surface that preferably is uniform and even, thereby lacking interlocking features. The mating surfaces of the legs abut one another at the kiln center to provide mutual support. An alignment member, such as a pair of longitudinal angles, are welded to the kiln shell to position the legs. A corresponding method of installing the trefoil is disclosed that includes positioning and shimming the first two legs at the 4 o'clock position and 8 o'clock position, and installing the third leg at the 12 o'clock position.

Abstract: Rotary kiln heat exchangers having precast hub and leg assemblies are disclosed. The hub and leg assemblies include interlocking features which secure the heat exchanger components together. A method of installing such heat exchangers in rotary kilns is also disclosed. Installation is relatively fast and simple, and the heat exchangers are capable of withstanding the harsh operating conditions of rotary kilns for extended periods of time.

Abstract: Rotary kiln heal exchangers having precast hub and leg assemblies are disclosed. The hub and leg assemblies include interlocking features which secure the heat exchanger components together. A method of installing such heat exchangers in rotary kilns is also disclosed. Installation is relatively fast and simple, and the heat exchangers are capable of withstanding the harsh operating conditions of rotary kilns for extended periods of time.