Abstract: Provided is a rotary kiln having a cylindrical shell having an inner cylindrical surface and a longitudinal axis and a kiln lining disposed on the inner cylindrical surface of the shell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a refractory material for use in different parts of rotary furnaces, having a composition of minerals defined as a percentage by weight of sintered mullite or andalusite or sintered alumina or fused alumina or electrocast alumina-zirconium of between 30 and 80%, a percentage by weight of silicon carbide of between 5 and 15%. The material is used as a lining in rotary furnaces, for the precalciner, the smoke chamber, the furnace inlet, the burning area, the safety area, the furnace outlet area and the cooler.

Abstract: Provided is a method of producing a composite metal oxide including, to calcine a composition containing an alkali metal and obtain a composite metal oxide, calcining the composition while being arranged on a mount a part of which in contact with the composition is formed of a metal oxide component. The metal oxide component has a content of K atoms ranging from 5 to 13 parts by weight in terms of K2O with respect to 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide component, and a total content of Al atoms, Zr atoms, Mg atoms, and Ce atoms ranging from 15 to 70 parts by weight in terms of oxides with respect to 100 parts by weight of the metal oxide component. The present invention thus provides a method of producing a composite metal oxide containing an alkali metal with reduced production costs.

Abstract: Retainers for holding a refractory ceramic fiber insulation layer in a furnace, kiln, or forge are in the form of ceramic tile members is formed with an array of small hook structures on an inward-facing surface, which serves as the hook component of a hook-and-loop fastening system. The ceramic fibers of the insulating layer serve as the “loop” component. The tile members may be formed in a RAM press, or the hook structure can be formed using a slurry spread with refractory grains or particles.

Abstract: Provided is a rotary kiln having a cylindrical shell having an inner cylindrical surface and a longitudinal axis and a kiln lining disposed on the inner cylindrical surface of the shell.

Abstract: A method for treating lime mud, in which method the lime mud is conveyed to a lime kiln, where fuel gas is used as fuel, which fuel gas is formed by a circulating fluidized bed gasifier. A calcium compound is used as bed material in the gasifier. In addition, the invention relates to the use of a calcium compound in a lime mud treatment plant, as well as to a lime mud treatment plant.

Abstract: A rotary kiln for pyro-processing a variety of materials, such as cement, lime, lime sludge, clay, shale, refractory grains, bauxite, garbage and minerals, that includes a continuously-rotated, cylindrical steel shell, having a feed end for receiving material, a processing zone through which high temperature gases circulate and where the material is processed, and a discharge end where the material leaves the kiln. In addition, the feed end of the kiln being more elevated than the discharge end so as to force material flow during kiln rotation. The shell includes an inner cylindrical surface and defines a longitudinal axis extending from the feed end to the discharge end. In addition, the inner cylindrical surface includes a contiguous insulating refractory lining comprised of hollow bricks, and a work refractory lining concentric with and over the insulating lining. The linings are disposed annularly about the open processing zone.

Abstract: Rotary kiln heat exchangers having precast hub and leg assemblies are disclosed. The hub and leg assemblies include interlocking features which secure the heat exchanger components together. A method of installing such heat exchangers in rotary kilns is also disclosed. Installation is relatively fast and simple, and the heat exchangers are capable of withstanding the harsh operating conditions of rotary kilns for extended periods of time.

Abstract: A grizzly bar device for a rotating kiln having an annular array of bars having at least two adjacent bars, wherein the thickness the bars is reduced in lateral and radial directions, and gap between the adjacent bars increases in width as the bars extend laterally from front to back of the bar and extend radially inward of the kiln. Another taper on a front face of the bars provides a cutting corner on each bar.

Abstract: A rotary kiln includes a novel air conveying system for delivering a supply of port air beneath the material bed of feed stock passing through the interior of the kiln. The air conveying system includes an air inlet port disposed in the shell of the kiln, a main air conveying channel which communicates with the air inlet port, and a plurality of air vent channels communicating with the main air conveying channel and the interior chamber of the kiln. The main air conveying channel is formed integrally in the refractory bricks which line the inner surface of the kiln shell and extends longitudinally and parallel to the rotary axis of the kiln. The air vent channels extend through the refractory bricks substantially radially with respect to the rotary axis of the kiln.

Abstract: A trefoil for a rotary kiln is provided that has at least three spoke-like refractory legs. Each one of the legs extends radially outwardly from a center of the trefoil; spans approximately from the kiln shell to the center of the kiln; is pre-formed outside of the kiln for installation as a single-leg unit; and has a mating surface that preferably is uniform and even, thereby lacking interlocking features. The mating surfaces of the legs abut one another at the kiln center to provide mutual support. An alignment member, such as a pair of longitudinal angles, are welded to the kiln shell to position the legs. A corresponding method of installing the trefoil is disclosed that includes positioning and shimming the first two legs at the 4 o'clock position and 8 o'clock position, and installing the third leg at the 12 o'clock position.

Abstract: A rotary kiln (1) is equipped with a horizontal kiln drum (3), arranged rotatable and drivable in a furnace body (2), which kiln drum is closed at the charging and delivery side by end plates (4, 5) forming central charging or delivery openings (6, 7), respectively, and which can be heated from outside via a heating chamber (15) surrounding the drum shell and admitted with heating medium. To achieve a simple and solid drum construction at a good thermic efficiency, the kiln drum (3) consists of U-sections (18) arranged side by side along the drum circumference between the end plates (4, 5), which point radially inward with their open section side, and which are interconnected longitudinally in the touching end zones (19) of the section limbs (20), and along the circumference via reinforcing elements (23), having an axial distance to each other, bridging the remaining longitudinal gaps (21) between the section webs (22).

Abstract: A ceramic fiber block includes a welding stud disposed between two ceramic fiber layers centrally positioned in the ceramic fiber block. The welding stud includes a base stud which at its one end to be welded to a furnace wall and having a ceramic ferrule and at the other end formed with screw threads, an electrode rod having screw threads at its one end in the ceramic fiber block, and first and second nuts connecting the screw threaded ends of the base stud and electrode rod.

Abstract: A kiln for pyro-processing a variety of materials, such as cement, lime, lime sludge, clay, shale, magnesite, dolomite, and other minerals, includes a continuously-rotated, cylindrical, elongated shell having a feed end for receiving the material, a processing zone through which high temperature gases circulate and where the material is processed, and a discharge end where the material leaves the kiln. The shell includes an inner cylindrical surface and defines a longitudinal axis extending from the feed end to the discharge end. In addition, a portion of the inner cylindrical surface includes a lining secured contiguous to the inner cylindrical surface. The lining has an inner face in the shape of a continuous sinusoidal wave with a predetermined amplitude and wavelength.

Abstract: An insert for an ultrasonic scaling instrument includes an elongated body. A plastic gripping collar surrounds the insert near one of the ends. A fluid input port is on an end of the collar. An internal conduit extends between the fluid flow input port through the plastic collar to a fluid flow output channel. A metal fluid flow output conduit is rigidly clamped by the collar into a portion of the fluid flow output channel. An output end of the conduit is directed toward an adjacent scaling tip carried by the insert. The fluid from the conduit is directed onto a portion of the scaling tip. Depending on fluid flow pressure, part of the fluid can be directly scattered thereby, and part of the fluid can flow along the tip to an end thereof and then be scattered at the end. The collar provides a rigid coupling between the conduit and the body portion so that vibrations of the body portion do not alter the relative position of the output conduit relative to the tip.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cuboidal, fireproof wall brick for a heating channel of an open round-chamber kiln, having two horizontally extending setting surfaces, two vertically extending setting surfaces and two front surfaces, characterized by at least one bead-like recess in the region of at least one setting surface, the recess extending from one front surface to the opposite front surface.

Abstract: A wear lining for a rotary furnace of an incineration installation for, for example, chemical waste, wherein the wear lining comprises tapered bricks (1, 2, 3) which are installed in the furnace in the form of a vaulted lining, the main taper of each brick being matched to the desired vaulted lining shape, and wherein the height (H) of the bricks extends in the thickness direction of the lining. In this lining the bricks are of low porosity and able to withstand high temperatures and chemicals. Furthermore, the bricks have an additional taper which extends at least over part (h) of the height thereof, which additional taper provides, on the inside (9) of the lining, an increase in the gap width (T1) between adjoining bricks which decreases towards the outside of the lining. Preferably, the additional taper is such that, in the cold assembled state, the increase in the gap width (T1) on the inside of the lining is in the range from 1 mm to 2.4 mm. The additional taper extends over 0.1 to 0.

Abstract: A rotary reactor is shown having an improved internal lining including a lifter section which extends along an interior surface of the reactor chamber for lifting material from a lower portion of the chamber to an upper portion thereof as the chamber rotates. The lifter section is formed as a monolithic casting of a refractory material having a polygonal cross-section which includes a series of blunt faces alternating with a series of slanted faces. The slanted faces are aligned with a direction of rotation of the reactor such that the slanted faces of the refractory material first contact the material being lifted.

Abstract: A rotary kiln apparatus including an outer kiln shell defining an interior heating chamber therein for receiving material for heating which preferably includes a rotational drive for rotating the kiln, and a plurality of refractory bricks movably positioned within the chamber in order to maintain heat within the chamber where the refractory bricks are movable and in abutment with respect to one another to accommodate thermal expansion during heating and to maintain enhanced heating within the interior heating chamber with an outer liner insulation included extending about the inside of the outer kiln shell and in abutment therewith providing thermal insulation between the outer kiln shell and the refractory brick members with a metallic intermediate liner mechanically affixed to the inner side of the outer liner insulation to extend thereover to prevent abrasion of the outer liner insulation during normal movement of the refractory brick members during kiln rotation, with mechanical affixing of the intermedia

Abstract: An improved kiln for the calcination of a powder comprises a directly heated rotary kiln in which at least a part of the inner circumferential wall is equipped with a plurality of protrusions. The protrusions are shaped so that the powder is substantially not lifted during operation of the kiln. In a preferred embodiment the protrusions have the shape of a triangular prism and are positioned within the kiln so as to pass through the powder in the manner of a plough. Preferably the top face of the prism is an isosceles triangle in which the equal angles are greater than the angle of repose of the powder for which the kiln is designed.

Abstract: A rotary kiln having a polygonal lining is disclosed for pyro-processing cement, lime, other minerals, as well as other materials. Specifically, utilizing a polygonal lining of brick or a refractory or ceramic material having between 3 and 12 sides improves the heat efficiency or heat transfer between high-temperature gases and a burden of material to be processed by the kiln. Such an efficient utilization of the gas heat is due to various factors which cause a larger amount of the burden to be more quickly exposed to the high temperature gases. These various factors include increased tumbling, increased residence time, decreased degree of filling, and increased surface exposure.

Abstract: A rotary kiln having a polygonal lining is disclosed for pyro-processing cement, lime, other minerals, as well as other materials. Specifically, utilizing a polygonal lining of a refractory or ceramic material having between 3 and 12 sides improves the heat efficiency or heat transfer between high-temperature gases and a burden of material to be processed by the kiln. Such an efficient utilization of the gas heat is due to various factors which cause a larger amount of the burden to be more quickly exposed to the high temperature gases. These various factors include increased tumbling, increased residence time, decreased degree of filling, and increased surface exposure.

Abstract: The invention discloses a multichambered structure for a rotary kiln.At least three bases are formed from radial blocks equidistantly spaced about and adjustably attached at one surface thereof to the inner surface of the steel shell, each base extending axially along the steel shell and on the surface opposite the attachment having a profile therein for accepting spoke blocks. The chamber walls are formed from spoke blocks with each of the walls extending radially from one of the bases and axially along the length of the base to the center portion of the cylindrical body. The spoke blocks are specially configured with one side thereof having a profile complementary to the radial blocks for mating therewithin and the side opposite thereof a profile for accepting additional ones of the spoke bricks. Additionally, a hub assembly formed from specially configured hub segments interlocks with the spoke bricks of the three walls and extends axially along the centralmost portion of the walls.

Abstract: A rotary kiln having a polygonal lining is disclosed for pyro-processing cement, lime, other minerals, as well as other materials. Specifically, utilizing a polygonal lining of brick or a refractory or ceramic material having between 3 and 12 sides improves the heat efficiency or heat transfer between high-temperature gases and a burden of material to be processed by the kiln. Such an efficient utilization of the gas heat is due to various factors which cause a larger amount of the burden to be more quickly exposed to the high temperature gases. These various factors include increased tumbling, increased residence time, decreased degree of filling, and increased surface exposure.

Abstract: A heating drum for receiving a printing blanket to be vulcanized in a pressure chamber is comprised of a hollow drum body formed of a thin drum wall having a separating slot that extends parallel to the axis of the drum body. The drum body is hollow and made of a thin wall in order to reduce pressure tensions within the printing blanket coil during vulcanization. The separating slot is covered by a sheet metal tongue which is connected with one side to the thin wall along the separating slot while the oppositely arranged free end rests in a pre-stressed manner on the outer mantle surface of the drum body.

Abstract: A rotary kiln assembly has steel plates lining the kiln are mounted on hangers projecting through the plates and overlie an insulation layer.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having combustion chambers with ceramic linings. These ceramic linings have webs between inner and outer surfaces for forming sealed cavities therein.

Abstract: This invention aims to offer an external heating rotary furnace for indirectly heating materials such as ore, coke, etc. which are liable to be oxidized, by insulating then from an oxidixing combustion gas atmosphere. The furnace comprises the following members: are reaction chamber (5) in which materials are heated to high temperature, defined by heat resistant ceramic means 4 from the combustion chamber (10) in which the fuel burns out.The fuel burns out in the combusion chamber, and combustion gas does not pass through the reaction chamber (5). Materials to be treated are heated indirectly in the reaction chamber (5) through the insulating ceramic wall (4).According to this invention, materials to be treated can be heated indirectly over 1,400.degree. C. effectively isolated from the combustion gas atmosphere, and inexpensive fuel can be used. Particularly, this invention is useful for the reduction of ores.

Abstract: A refractory block assembly for the nose ring of a rotary kiln. Self-aligning nuts contained in recesses of a refractory casting generally align with bolts radially extending through holes spaced around the periphery of a retainer in the nose ring. The nuts and recesses are sized and configured to permit limited lateral and rotational displacement of the nut for threadingly engaging the bolts.

Abstract: A self-positioning refractory structure having a generally cylindrical casing. A plurality of positioning refractories, a plurality of filler refractories and a plurality of wedge refractories are interlocked with respect to each other and positioned to form a structure having a curved cross section within the cylindrical casing. The positioning, filler and wedge refractories are interlocked with respect to each other. The length of each positioning refractory is greater than the length of each filler and wedge refractories thus defining an annular space between the casing wall and the refractories. Each positioning refractory has a cold end in positioning and supporting contact with an inside wall of the casing and a hot end directed toward a center of the self-positioning refractory structure.

Abstract: A kiln for reclaiming quick lime from calcium carbonate sludge formed in the production of cooking liquors in a wood pulping process for the production of paper. The kiln provides increased output with lower energy input due to: measurement and control of oxygen content in the kiln; non-air mixing burner; castable refractory liner with tumbler ribs; a heat transferring chain system; and a variable speed exhaust fan and air flow control. The output of the kiln was increased by more than ten percent along with a forty-five percent improvement in energy efficiency at substantial cost reduction due to its efficient use of energy.

Abstract: A buttress (52) for buttressing an axial end (34) of a partition (36) in a multiple-chamber heat exchanger (28) comprises an integral solid cast from a refractory material. A thick axial end (55) of the solid is provided for compressive engagement with an end (34) of the partition (36). A thin axial end (56) opposite the thick end (55) is provided for compressive engagement to a kiln shell liner (54). A radially outer surface (77) engages an inner surface (14) of the kiln shell (12). A radially inner surface (58) of the buttress (52) slopes generally from the thick end (55) to the thin end (56), such that compressive force exerted on the thick end by the partition (36) is transmitted through the buttress (50) to a liner (54) of the kiln shell (12).

Abstract: Heat exchange apparatus is provided for use in a rotary kiln having a bed therein for introducing thermal energy directly into central portions of the bed without lifting or tumbling thereof. In this manner, efficient heat transfer is effected from hot upper portions of the kiln to within central portions of the bed without causing significant dust generation which results in unwanted loss of heat and raw materials from the kiln. A plurality of tubular refractory members are held in a spaced apart relationship with the rotary kiln wall which are heated in the upper portions of the kiln and cooled as they pass through the bed when the kiln is rotated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lining for a furnace (1). The lining consists of pre-fabricated refractory ceramic anchoring elements (6, 7, 14), containing the fastening irons necessary for attaching the lining to the sheet mantle (5) and a refractory ceramic casting mass (8) between the anchoring elements for forming a monolithic lining. When relining the furnace the removal of the old lining is facilitated by first rupturing the anchoring elements.

Abstract: A lining brick for forming a refractory lining includes a hot side surface, a shell side surface opposite the hot side surface, a pair of spaced opposite hearing surfaces, a pair of spaced opposite butt surfaces, and recesses opening onto the shell side surface. The recesses are formed only in the spaced opposite bearing surfaces or in the spaced opposite butt surfaces. Each recess has a first side opening onto the shell side surface and a second side opening onto the respective butt or bearing surface. Each recess is defined by a surface portion having a first end terminating at the shell side surface and a second end terminating at the respective butt or bearing surface. The total area of the first ends of all of the recesses that lie in the plane of the shell side surface is less than the area of the shell side surface.

Abstract: The feed end dam of a rotary kiln is cooled by air directed into an annulus between the feed end dam and a seal mechanism.

Abstract: An improved lifter for a rotary kiln is made by extending the internal reinforcement all the way to the inner face of the lifter and by locating the junction between the branches and the main stem of the lifter closer to the metal shell of the rotary kiln than is the hot, inner face of the refractory lining adjacent to the lifter.

Abstract: The metal shell of a furnace or cupola is cooled by means of water flowing down over the exterior surface of the metal shell. In order to reduce heat loss and thus decrease the energy consumption, the interior surface of the metal shell is lined with a fired refractory shape. The thermal conductivity of the refractory material and its thickness are selected such that the amount of refractory material remaining upon reaching equilibrium conditions will be sufficient to maintain the mechanical and structural integrity of the lining. Refractory materials of different conductivities may be selected for various locations in the furnace depending upon the temperatures to be encountered.

Abstract: A protective device for a discharge end of a tubular rotary kiln comprises a flange extending radially outwardly of the metal kiln shell, a metallic ring affixed to the flange and arranged concentric with the shell at the discharge end, and a refractory ring covering the metallic ring and the front face of the flange. Two sleeves concentrically surrounding the external surface of the metal shell to define respective inner and outer annular chambers through which cooling air is circulated to cool the rear face of the flange, a space between the metallic ring and the internal surface of the metal shell communicating with the outer annular chamber through a passage between the rear face of the flange and the discharge end, and with the inner annular chamber through a port in the metal shell spaced inwardly of the discharge end.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for securing a two component lining to the inside shell of a rotary kiln or the like. The apparatus includes a plurality of standoffs each having a bottom portion for connection to the inside shell of the kiln, a middle portion, and a top portion. A grid is connected to each of the top portions by means of a weld. A layer of a lightweight first castable material having high insulative properties is gunned or cast along the inside shell of the kiln to a depth less than the height of the standoffs. A second castable material having abrasion resistive properties is gunned or cast onto the surface of the first castable material at a depth substantially level with the surface of the grid. The standoffs serve as an anchor to secure the two layers of castible material into position . The grid connected to the top portion of the standoffs is preferably a honeycomb grid which aids the second castable material in protecting the first castable material from damage due to abrasion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fire brick for a rotary kiln, provided on one or both large surface area portions with at least one concavity extending in the radial direction of the kiln, and opening on at least the face.The present invention further relates to a fire brick for a rotary kiln as described above, further provided with a steel plate having a concavity of dimensions which the sum of the depth of the concavity of said brick plus an expansion absorbing tolerance, and applied to a maximum surface area and lying over the concavity.The present invention still further relates to a fire brick for a rotary kiln as described above, further provided with board or asbestos, etc., on the face end of the steel plate.

Abstract: This invention concerns a system for the protection of the delivery end of a rotary kiln.This system is characterized by the fact that it consists of a refractory concrete ring covering the internal surface of the end of the kiln shell and the front surface of a flange attached to the outside of the end of the shell, the ring being fastened to the shell and the flange by anchorage units fixed on them.The invention can be used in the cement production and minerals processing industries.

Abstract: A wear-resistant, thermal protective, annular liner for a rotary kiln and an attendant method of making the same. The liner includes a series of elongate, axially aligned, annular composite liner sections, each of which comprises a layer of lightweight insulation material formed by side-by-side longitudinal rows of thermal insulating blocks positioned against the interior surface of the metal cylindrical wall of the kiln, with anchor brackets secured to the kiln wall and extending through respective openings in the insulating blocks and embedded in a relatively thicker and heavier layer of refractory material overlying the layer of insulation material, and wherein column portions of the refractory material project inwardly from the layer of refractory material and through the openings in the insulating blocks and in surrounding relation to the inner portions of the anchor brackets for supporting the layer of refractory material and preventing crushing the insulation material.

Abstract: The rotary combustion bed has a rotary drum with a permeable refractory lining through which air is blown during rotation of the drum and cascading of a charge of material in the drum. The air blown into the drum can be controlled to blow through various angular sections of the drum.

Abstract: The kiln comprises a slowly rotating drying-kiln section and a relatively quickly rotating kiln-section, a transition zone being arranged in the middle of the kiln. The transition zone comprises shovel-shaped bricks and intermediate bricks. The shovel-shaped bricks comprise projecting portions provided with especially shaped surfaces.

Abstract: A rotary kiln for producing an expanded clay product from clay or clay slate, the kiln having a lining provided with ribs. These ribs are built of refractory bricks partly reinforced. Each brick is preferably constituted by two portions, one of which is provided with reinforcing bars extending within and protruding from said portion. The protruding bars serve as guide for the second brick portion during the securing of the two brick portions to each other. The advantage of such a rib construction is that it allows an easy and cheap restoration of the rib when part of the rib is worn down without simultaneously necessitating a replacement of the lining.

Abstract: Rotary kiln heat exchangers having precast hub and leg assemblies are disclosed. The hub and leg assemblies include interlocking features which secure the heat exchanger components together. A method of installing such heat exchangers in rotary kilns is also disclosed. Installation is relatively fast and simple, and the heat exchangers are capable of withstanding the harsh operating conditions of rotary kilns for extended periods of time.

Abstract: Rotary kiln heal exchangers having precast hub and leg assemblies are disclosed. The hub and leg assemblies include interlocking features which secure the heat exchanger components together. A method of installing such heat exchangers in rotary kilns is also disclosed. Installation is relatively fast and simple, and the heat exchangers are capable of withstanding the harsh operating conditions of rotary kilns for extended periods of time.