Abstract: In the method according to the invention for producing cement clinker, raw cement meal is preheated in a preheater, the preheated raw cement meal is precalcined in a calciner and the precalcined raw cement meal is burnt in a kiln, fuel and combustion air having an oxygen content of at least 75 mol % being used in the calciner, and the raw cement meal being precalcined in a fluidised bed in the calciner. The exhaust gases occurring in the kiln are delivered to the preheater, bypassing the calciner, and the exhaust gases of the calciner are delivered to a CO2 preparation device.

Abstract: Temperature overshoot of internal components of a counter-flow shell and tube heat heat exchange may be reduced or avoided by adjusting the degree to which a tube-side fluid partially bypasses the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A furnace includes a housing having a charging end, a discharge end downstream of the charging end, and a combustion chamber within the housing between the charging and discharge ends; a first pair of lances disposed at a first side of the housing proximate the charging end and in communication with the combustion chamber, one lance of said first pair to provide a first fuel to said combustion chamber, and another lance of said first pair to provide a first oxidant to said combustion chamber; and a second pair of lances disposed at a second side of the housing opposite to the first side proximate the charging end and in communication with the combustion chamber, one lance of said second pair to provide a second fuel to said combustion chamber, and another lance of said second pair to provide a second oxidant to said combustion chamber. A method is provided.

Abstract: A multi-flame burner includes burner heads which are set up to generate at least one burner flame directed along a respective flame axis when supplied with a fuel, wherein the flame axes of respectively adjacent burner heads are inclined relative to each other. A method for preheating a workpiece, in particular a pipe or large-diameter pipe, is provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion device which does not cause an increase in the amount of generated NOx or a degradation in efficiency due to a lower flame luminance, even when the combustion space is limited in the lengthwise direction of the flame. A fuel ejector is configured so as to be provided with at least a first fuel ejector and a second fuel ejector lined up in a specific direction as viewed in the lengthwise direction of fuel ejection, and is configured so that a first ejection stream ejected from the first fuel ejector and the second fuel ejector collide on the downstream side of ejection.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for melting meltable stock, such as glass, wherein a melting furnace is heated via a burner flame generated by means of a burner port, to which fuel and oxidizer are supplied, a fuel-rich fuel-oxygen mixture being introduced into the furnace downstream from the burner port via at least one substoichiometrically operated burner and/or a fuel or fuel mixture being introduced into the furnace downstream from the burner arrangement via at least one fuel nozzle, and a gas stream containing oxygen being introduced into the furnace downstream from the at least one substoichiometrically operated burner and/or the at least one fuel nozzle.

Abstract: A combustion device for a melting furnace, capable of heating a melting target object and the ceiling portion of the furnace with the radiant heat of the flame, including a combustion space above the location of the melting target object, including a fuel injection nozzle having a plurality of fuel injecting portions, which portions include orifices disposed side by side horizontally relative to the direction of fuel injection, and formed side by side vertically relative to the same. The orifices are formed radially side by side as seen laterally, with a direction along a middle angle in the angular range between the fuel injection direction of the uppermost fuel injection orifice and the fuel injection direction of the lowermost fuel injection orifice being directed obliquely upwards. The fuel injection orifices of the upper fuel injecting portion are formed radially side by side as seen in the plane view.

Abstract: A method for melting meltable stock, such as glass includes a melting furnace (10) heated via a burner flame (25,29) generated by a burner port, through which fuel and oxidizer are supplied, a fuel-rich gas stream introduced into the furnace downstream from the burner port via at least one substoichiometrically operated burner (20,22) and/or a fuel or fuel mixture being introduced into the furnace downstream from the burner arrangement via at least one fuel nozzle, and a oxygen containing gas stream being introduced into the furnace downstream from the at least one substoichiometrically operated burner and/or the at least one fuel nozzle. A furnace device is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the heat treatment of workpieces in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the treatment atmosphere in the heat treatment furnace is circulated. According to the invention, a propellant is injected into the heat treatment furnace in such a manner that the treatment atmosphere is essentially circulated by the injected propellant.

Abstract: During the heating of glass melting furnaces having a combustion chamber with regenerators for preheating oxidation gases, with port necks that open into the combustion chamber, with primary burners and with secondary burners that are installed in a cascade arrangement relative to the primary burners, the secondary burners are operated as cascade burners with a relatively low proportion of the fuel, the secondary fuel. Flames are thereby created in over- and sub-stoichiometric conditions and the flame gases formed are mixed with one another so that the complete combustion process in the combustion chamber is more or less stoichiometric. The secondary fuel is supplied by the secondary burners to a step, installed in the port neck.

Abstract: A retrofit technology for air-fuel fired, vertical glass furnace for oxygen firing or boosting to provide additional heat to the process to increase furnace production capacity. The additional firing using oxygen is strategically controlled to enable enhanced radiation from oxygen flame for the spheroidizing process without negative effects on the overall process. With proper implementation, an increased production from 50% to 200%, depending on the size of the spheres, can be achieved while maintaining acceptable product quality. Processes in accordance with the present invention can be performed using one of a number of methods of oxygen boosting.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus for distributing air to different regions of a conveyor oven. The apparatus has comprising one or more blowers to distribute the air. A lower plenum is connected to a blower. The lower plenum directs air to the lower side of a conveyor within the oven. An upper plenum is connected to a blower. The upper plenum directs air to the upper side of the conveyor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for combusting a fuel with an oxidant are described, the apparatus comprising a ceramic burner block, the burner block having a back face and a front face. The burner block has at least one oxidant cavity in an upper portion of the burner block, and at least one fuel cavity in a lower portion of the burner block, each cavity extending from the back face to the front face. The at least one oxidant cavity has positioned therein a fuel supply conduit, the fuel supply conduit having a fuel supply conduit exit positioned a sufficient distance from the front face to allow combustion of at least a portion of fuel exiting the fuel supply conduit exit with at least some of the oxidant traversing the oxidant cavity, and the least one fuel cavity having connected thereto, near the back face, an oxidant conduit, thereby allowing mixing of a minor portion of the oxidant with the fuel.

Abstract: A calcining system is operated in a substoichiometric mode for reducing nitrogen oxide generation and removing sulfur from materials to be processed by creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere. The calcining system includes a rotary kiln rotating on a slightly inclined horizontal axis. The rotary kiln has a feed end introducing material to be processed and a discharge end. A preheating/precalcining device is positioned adjacent the feed end such that the material passes through the device prior to entering the rotary kiln. A stationary hood surrounds the discharge end. A burner is supported by the stationary hood. The burner introduces combustible fuel and combustion air into the rotary kiln through the discharge end and operates in a substoichiometric mode. At least one air nozzle is located along the length of the rotary kiln. The air nozzle injects combustion air into the rotary kiln.

Abstract: A calcining system is operated in a substoichiometric mode for reducing nitrogen oxide generation and removing sulfur from materials to be processed by creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere. The calcining system includes a rotary kiln rotating on a slightly inclined horizontal axis. The rotary kiln has a feed end introducing material to be processed and a discharge end. A preheating/precalcining device is positioned adjacent the feed end such that the material passes through the device prior to entering the rotary kiln. A stationary hood surrounds the discharge end. A burner is supported by the stationary hood. The burner introduces combustible fuel and combustion air into the rotary kiln through the discharge end and operates in a substoichiometric mode. At least one air nozzle is located along the length of the rotary kiln. The air nozzle injects combustion air into the rotary kiln.

Abstract: Combustion assembly adapted to be placed in a wall of a furnace including an axis having at least one pair of burners with axes, one oxidant lance arranged between the burners of the pair and having a lance axis and a source of oxidant connected to the burners and to the lance.

Abstract: Combustion assembly adapted to be placed in a wall of a furnace including an axis having at least one pair of burners with axes, one oxidant lance arranged between the burners of the pair and having a lance axis and a source of oxidant connected to the burners and to the lance.

Abstract: Combustion process in a furnace comprising a floor on which a charge to be heated is placed, and a roof lying above the charge, in which process the combustible fluid and the oxidizer fluid are injected separately between the surface of the charge and the roof, characterized in that the oxidizer and the fuel are injected at two different levels and in that the ratio of the impulsive forces (m.sub.2.v.sub.2 /m.sub.1.v.sub.1) of the combustible and oxidizer fluids is greater than or equal to approximately 1/3, m.sub.1 being the mass flow rate of the top fluid and v.sub.1, its velocity of injection into the furnace, m.sub.2 being the mass flow rate of the bottom fluid and v.sub.2 its velocity of injection into the furnace.

Abstract: An oven which has a floor, a side wall extending upwardly therefrom to define a combustion chamber, and a top having an opening for combustion gases, a fuel support member mounted in a lower part of the combustion chamber, the fuel support member having a raised central portion with a downwardly and outwardly sloping top surface extending therefrom, and means for supplying fuel to the fuel support member. The oven includes an arrangement for providing primary air to the fuel on the fuel support member and for providing secondary air to an upper portion of the combustion chamber, the secondary air being arranged to impart a cyclonic motion to the combustion gases.

Abstract: A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases.

Abstract: A method and apparatus involving combustion for melting glass. The fuel and oxidizer of the combustion are both supplied in such a way as to spread out the fuel/oxidant contact over time and to increase the volume of the contact. This limits the temperature peaks and reduces No.sub.x emissions. The invention also relates to the glass furnace which implements the method.

Abstract: A combustion assembly adapted for a furnace is provided. The assembly includes an axis comprising at least one pair of burners having axes. An oxidant lance is arranged between the burners of the pair and has a lance axis. A source of oxidant is connected to the burners and to the lance. The combustion assembly can provide uniform heating of a charge of glass in a furnace.

Abstract: A burner assembly having improved flame length and shape control is presented, which includes in exemplary embodiments at least one fuel fluid inlet and at least one oxidant fluid inlet, means for transporting the fuel fluid from the fuel inlet to a plurality of fuel outlets, the fuel fluid leaving the fuel outlets in fuel streams that are injected into a combustion chamber, means for transporting the oxidant fluid from the oxidant inlets to at least one oxidant outlet, the oxidant fluid leaving the oxidant outlets in oxidant fluid streams that are injected into the combustion chamber, with the fuel and oxidant outlets being physically separated, and geometrically arranged in order to impart to the fuel fluid streams and the oxidant fluid streams angles and velocities that allow combustion of the fuel fluid with the oxidant in a stable, wide, and luminous flame. Alternatively, injectors may be used alone or with the refractory block to inject oxidant and fuel gases.

Abstract: A non-mechanical leak proof coupling for use on a gas carrying pipe having two pipe sections which are moveable relative to each other. The coupling includes a first pipe section having an upstream end in flow communication with a stationary gas source and further includes a second pipe section having a downstream end in flow communication with a vibrating distribution chamber. A downstream end of the first pipe section and an upstream end of the second pipe section are disposed in closely spaced relation to define a gap therebetween. The first pipe section downstream end is in flow communication with the second pipe section upstream end such that the pressurized gas is communicated between the first pipe section to the second pipe section for discharge to the vibrating distribution chamber.

Abstract: A process and a device for melting glass. According to the invention, the melting of vitrifiable materials is performed in a melting compartment by at least one fuel burner, the combustive material being formed mainly by essentially pure oxygen, at least 50% of the combustive material necessary for the desired combustion being supplied separately to the melting compartment by at least one oxygen lance.

Abstract: Method of heating the charge of a glass furnace in which at least one burner is placed in a wall of a furnace so as to heat the bath of glass, characterized in that at least one assembly consisting of a first and a second burner which are fed with fuel gas and with oxidizer gas containing at least 50 vol. % of oxygen is arranged in one of the walls of the furnace at a distance (D) at least equal to approximately 3 meters from each other, in that an oxygen lance is arranged between the first and second burners, the first burner, the second burner and the lance forming a combustion assembly and in that from approximately 30 vol. % to approximately 80 vol. % of oxidizer gas is sent into the lance and from approximately 20 vol. % to approximately 70 vol.

Abstract: An oxygen-fuel firing system for a furnace comprising separate, spread apart nozzles for introducing gaseous streams of oxygen and fuel into the furnace at spaced apart locations. The gaseous streams merge within the furnace away from the furnace walls and crown. Thus, the main combustion within the furnace takes place in the central portion of the furnace where a broad flame cloud is created. The broad flame cloud provides a more uniform temperature profile within the furnace for a more efficient processing of materials being melted in the furnace.

Abstract: A gas-lance apparatus and method for injecting a rate-enhancing gas between a flame and a thermal load to augment combustion of fuel undergoing combustion in the flame. A fan-shaped main jet is introduced between the flame for producing a low pressure field of the rate-enhancing gas between the flame and the thermal load. The low pressure field deforms the flame into the shape of the main jet and draws the flame toward the thermal load. The main jet decays along its length due to entrainment of combustion-environment gas in the main jet. In order to delay such decay, a fan-shaped booster jet of rate-enhancing gas is introduced between the main jet and the thermal load. The booster jet has a higher velocity than the main jet and is positioned adjacent to the main jet.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting impurities from the interior of a kiln, when in operation, and for creating a uniformly heated atmosphere within the kiln, which involves the introduction of air through an air passage opening through the top of the kiln and affiliated openings in other portions of the kiln through which small amounts of air are drawn and exhausted by means of a blower located within the control panel of the kiln and wherein a kiln setter is maintained free of impurities by drawing air containing impurities past it and away from it by means of said blower.

Abstract: A method and corresponding apparatus for improving the control and efficiency of a combustion reaction in a flash smelting furnace, having the steps of mixing a first oxidizing gas having a first oxygen concentration with solid particles consisting of at least one combustible component and at least one incombustible component, directing the mixture of solid particles and said first oxidizing gas into a combustion chamber of the flash smelting furnace, burning the mixture of solid particles and oxidizing gas in a first flame portion to provide for the smelting of the solid particles, directing an auxiliary fuel into the combustion chamber to surround said first flame portion, directing a second oxidizing gas having a second oxygen concentration into the combustion chamber to surround the first flame portion and mix with the auxiliary fuel, burning the auxiliary fuel and the second oxidizing gas to create a second flame portion surrounding the first flame portion, controlling the flow of the first and second ox

Abstract: A gas-injection lance, burner, and method for use in a high temperature heating system which provides a nonaxisymmetric flow of a reaction-rate enhancing gas in sufficient proximity to the flame of the system, which extends over the surface to be heated, to create an aerodynamically rreduced pressure field sufficient to deform the flame and displace it in the direction of the surface to be heated. The present method provides substantially enhanced heating with the virtual elimination of hot spots.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improvement in a suction or blowing pipe for a furnace having partition chambers intended for the firing of carbonaceous blocks. The pipe comprises a main body (3) provided with a plurality of nozzles (10) to which tubular nipples (2) are connected in a number equal to the number or partitions (5) forming the chambers of the furnace. Each of the nipples is connected to a transverse furnace wall (9) or a partition (5) by a taphole (8) disposed in the upper part of the wall or partition.

Abstract: In a heating vessel wherein corrosive exhaust degrades exposed positions of the vessel, a high velocity gas jet injects gas between the corrosive exhaust and the exposed portions of the vessel. The gas minimizes contact between the exhaust and the exposed portions so as to reduce wear due to corrosive degradation.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for liquefying material such as glass batch, primary thermal protection for the vessel is provided by a lining of the batch material, with secondary protection being provided by forced cooling of a minor portion of the vessel in regions and at times when the primary protection is irregular.

Abstract: This improved ignition device for a moving grate type sintering machine is an inexpensive, compact combustion device which can form a strip of flame extending uniformly and continuously over the width of the strand. This ignition device can provide a uniform ignition intensity, and the ignition conditions of the raw mix can be controlled optimally by moving the burner and a hood therefor vertically and/or rotatably in accordance with the operational conditions of the sintering process. The ignition device thus contributes to prevent the sintered ore from being unevenly sintered, and to save heating energy.

Abstract: System for heating the broadwise-end portions of a metal plate in conveyance. The system includes a pair of heater blocks spaced apart from each other with the conveyance line for the material located therebetween. The heater blocks each have a space to receive one of the broadwise-end portions of the material. When the material is conveyed through the system, the broadwise-end portions of the material each are allowed to pass through the space of one of the heater blocks so that they are heated by burners of the heater blocks blowing hot combustion gases against the broadwise-end surfaces of the material.

Abstract: A burner within which there is a jet pump means. High pressure primary combustion air is fed to an inlet in the burner housing and then through the jet pump means. The high pressure air flowing through the jet pump means draws a secondary low pressure, high temperature air into the burner. The jet pump means entrains the secondary air within the primary air to form a combustion air mixture. A fuel means feeds fuel to the burner housing and the combustion air and fuel combine to form a suitable mixture for ignition. A swirler can be located within the means to feed the primary air to the inlet or within the burner itself. By swirling the primary air the flame pattern of the burner can be controlled. The burner of the present invention is particularly adaptable for soaking pits having a tile recuperator and the metallic recuperator disposed within a flue gas passageway.

Abstract: A billet is transported through an improved furnace by convention means and is heated in the furnace by an external burner unit in which fuel and air are combusted together and then injected at a high velocity into a semi-cylindrical chamber of the furnace tangentially to the billet so as to create a hot vortex of gases circulating around the billet along the length of the furnace. The temperature of the hot gas vortex within the furnace is sensed by means of a thermocouple placed close to the billet surface but not in contact with it so as to sense the temperature of the billet as a function of the temperature of the circulating gas. The temperature of the injected gas is thereby controlled to heat the billet to a desired temperature and then maintain it at that temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to a U-fired soaking pit in which an auxiliary burner 4, e.g. a tunnel burner, is located below the main burner 3 to supplement the heat flow and heat transfer therefrom. The auxiliary burner is mounted between twin exhaust flue 5,6 and is vertically in line with the main burner, the main and auxiliary burners being disposed equi-distantly from one another and from the top and bottom of the furnace, respectively.

Abstract: Burners of an oven are operated to satisfy heat loads changeable between a high load and substantially smaller loads. At least under the smaller loads the burners are cyclically controlled in a cycle of time periods T-1 and T-2. During the periods T-1 the burners are steadily regulated to maintain a uniform temperature in the oven. For periods T-2 the burners are periodically controlled to admit one of two selected magnitudes of fuel flow to the oven. At least under the smallest loads the latter magnitudes are periodically controlled to be zero or close to zero.