Abstract: Wall and roof sections for electric arc furnaces are made of graphite blocks with removably attached fluid cooled panels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reduction furnace with a split furnace body, particularly suited for production of ferro alloys, pig iron or calcium carbide. Furnaces of such types are provided with a furnace pot equipped with an internal refractory lining anchored to the furnace wall by means of anchoring elements. According to the present invention the refractory lining of at least the upper section of the split furnace body comprises a plurality of individual, pre-fabricated elements which are removably arranged at least on the upper section. Each unit comprises preferably a rear plate of steel, pig iron or similar material and one or more anchoring ribs or bolts extending horizontally out from and rigidly secured to the rear plate. The anchoring ribs provide a hold for the refractory lining on the rear plate. The separate units are suspended at least from the upper segment by means of simple support means.

Abstract: A liquid cooling system for thermally highly stressed parts of an industrial furnace consists of cooling channels, arranged essentially vertically and through which liquid flows and by-pass openings arranged at the upper end of the cooling channels for the direct passage of cooling liquid, by-passing the cooling channels. According to the dimensions of the by-pass openings, steam or gas bubbles are removed from the cooling system in a simple fashion and, at the same time, the cooling liquid which passes through the cooling channels and is heated is cooled by the cooling liquid flowing directly through the by-pass openings, before it again enters the next cooling channels. The by-pass opening(s) are formed by connecting tubes, or they are arranged in a cooling liquid distribution chamber, into which the cooling channels pass.

Abstract: A cooling zone for a kiln having a preheating and firing zone and with a train of rollers for moving tiles through the kiln in a single layer has an indirect cooling system using a fluid and more specially liquid cooling medium moving through coils over and/or under the tiles after burning. A system using louvers or two moving plates of slotted metal are used for screening off the coils to a greater or lesser degree for controlling the cooling effect.

Abstract: A cover for a metallurgical vessel comprises an annular outer tubular collar defining a center, a plurality of tubular legs extending inwardly from the collar toward the center, and an annular inner tubular collar fixed to the legs and defining a plurality of throughgoing passages. The inner collar is formed by respective inwardly concave tubular sections defining the passages and respective inwardly convex and tubular elbow sections carried on the legs between the passages and forming an undulating annulus with the inwardly concave sections. A multiplicity of cooling tubes extend between the collars and legs and are connected thereto, and a cooler is provided for circulating a coolant through the tubes, collars, and legs. This system ensures excellent cooling right at the passages, so electrodes extending through these passages need not be provided with their own coolers.

Abstract: A furnace panel for use in an arc furnace is disclosed having a cast iron block with first and second surfaces and with a cooling circuit located therebetween. The block has at least one anchoring member projecting outwards from its second surface for retaining the block to a wall of the furnace. The panel further includes steel studs embedded in the cast iron block which project outwards from the first surface and which have a profile which enhances containment of molten slag against the first surface to prolong the life of the block. As the molten slag is splashed onto the first surface of the block, the steel studs protrude outward similar to fingers on a hand, and catch the slag and retain it until it momentarily solidifies. Once the slag has solidified, it acts as an insulating layer to prevent erosion of the block by the further impingement of additional molten slag.

Abstract: An improved ceiling beam construction for a heating furnace in which ceiling beams having closed cross sections are adopted for utilizing the interior of the beams as ducts for passing gases through them so as to reduce spaces required for installing separate gas ducts, with a consequent decrease in the number of duct supporting fittings or fixtures.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for evaporation cooling in metallurgical furnaces. In order to prevent the formation of heat-insulating layers of vapor, over a large area, between the heat exchange surface (14) and the cooling fluid supplied thereto, the cooling fluid is supplied at a plurality of positions which are distributed over the surface, and the amount of fluid supplied is so restricted that a closed film of fluid covering the entire heat exchange surface (14) can no longer be formed. The fluid is guided to the heat exchange surface (14) by fluid guide means which are in the form of pin members or plates, or by way of a loose filling of particles, which communicate with the heat exchange surface (14) (FIG. 2).

Abstract: A coke oven battery has a continuous roof and uprights at each of the pusher and coke sides. The uprights are connected by ties extending through pipes embedded in the roof. To provide cooling for the ties, a massive metal cooling member extends upwardly from each pipe to the upper side of the roof, to conduct heat away from the pipe. The cooling member may contain a chamber forming an evaporation cooling system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cooling installation for a blast furnace using stave coolers in which circulates a cooling fluid, these staves being arranged in successive superimposed rings along the internal wall of the shell of the blast furnace and being traversed by internal fluid circulation tubes, the internal tubes of two staves adjacent in a vertical plane being interconnected so as to define a network of vertical fluid circulation lines, wherein this network is connected at each of its extremities to an external circulation and fluid cooling circuit defining a pressurized forced closed circuit in which the cooling fluid is maintained in the liquid phase.

Abstract: An improved arrangement for securing a plate-type cooler in metallurgical furnaces is disclosed. The cooler comprises a cast body including embedded cooling pipes provided with protective tubes which are run into the cooler body and secured to the outlets of the cooling pipes. At a first level, at least one of the protective tubes is designed as a fixed support and the other tubes at the same level are designed as horizontally displaceable supports to allow for a thermal expansion. At a vertically opposite level, at least one of the protective tubes is designed as a vertically displaceable support and the other tubes extending at the same level are designed as movable supports.

Abstract: A furnace system for smelting ore concentrate and the like which includes a furnace housing provided with wall means which divide the housing into a smelting shaft, an exhaust gas shaft and a settling hearth. The settling hearth and the smelting shaft are separated by a partition wall preventing gaseous interaction therebetween but permitting liquid flow therebetween. In accordance with the invention, the partition wall between the exhaust gas shaft and the smelting shaft, as well as the wall between the settling hearth and the smelting shaft and exhaust gas shaft comprises a supporting frame on which there are a plurality of interengaged cooling elements which are releasably secured to the supporting frame and are provided with means for circulating a coolant therethrough.

Abstract: A panel cooled by the circulation of water and adapted to constitute all or part of a wall of an electric arc furnace. The panel consists, at the inside of the furnace, of a thick and corrugated wall to which is welded, at the outside of the furnace, a second thinner wall, the two walls defining passages adapted for the circulation of the water. The invention is used in electric arc furnaces for steel mills.

Abstract: A cooling element for use in metallurgical furnaces, such as blast furnaces, and a method of making the same. The cooling element is composed of a cast-steel body having a surface which in use faces the interior of the respective furnace and which is provided with elements of refractory material. Embedded in the cast-steel body are steel tubes through which cooling medium is to be circulated when the element is in use. Embedded between the respective tubes are heat-absorbing members which are preferably of the same or an analogous material as the cast-steel body itself and which have the purpose of absorbing the temperature differential between the liquidous point of the steel melt and the superheated temperature at which the melt is cast.

Abstract: A shaft furnace has a refractory lining within its armour and cooling plates located in recesses in the lining. In order to make it easier to remove and replace the cooling plates and to improve heat transfer, it is now proposed to construct the recess walls of special shaped members so that the recess retains its shape. The shaped members include elongate side members, a cover member resting on the elongate members, a bottom member below the elongate members and a front member between the front edge of the cooling plate and the furnace interior. Copper sheets may be provided between the cooling plate and these shaped members.

Abstract: Fluidizing gas supply pipes are passed through a wall of a fluidized bed container. The outermost end of the gas supply pipe is welded to a tube plate and the tube plate is in turn cooled by a coolant flowing thereagainst through tubes welded to the surface of the tube plate or the tube plate is spaced from the wall of the container to form a water jacket through which the coolant fluid is arranged to flow.

Abstract: A glassmaking tank furnace which comprises a basin, a heating system, a housing which includes a roof and a gas flue, a cooling system, a feed port and a discharging port. The bottom and walls of the basin and at least a part of the housing formed with the feed port are defined by fittingly adjoining metal tubes of the cooling system, which ensure a continuous operation and long service life of the furnace and set up favorable conditions for further intensification of the melting process.

Abstract: A cooling device for use with a refractory lining in a smelting plant, such as a blast furnace and particularly a shaft furnace, includes an inner refractory lining, an outer steel jacket, and a plate member located between them. Preferably, the plate member is cast and anchoring members are cast into each plate member and extend only from the plate member surface facing toward the steel jacket. The anchoring member secures the steel jacket and plate members together and also holds them in spaced relation. Various embodiments of anchoring members can be used. In one embodiment a blind bore is provided within the anchoring member and a thermocouple extends into the blind bore from the steel jacket for measuring the operating temperature of the plate member.

Abstract: A furnace cooling wall construction including a cooling plate built into the wall disposed transversely with one or more heat pipes enclosed in the plate and extending between a cooling chamber in the plate and adjacent the inner end of the plate with cooling water circulated to the chamber for circulation by the heat pipe.

Abstract: Furnace cooling apparatus is provided including iron staves on the inside of a steel shell, outer portions of the staves being hollow to define reservoirs filled with water. Heat pipes are mounted in bores in inner solid portions of each stave and extend from inner ends in the reservoir to outer ends spaced a short distance from the inner surface of the stave. The inner surface of a stave has alternating surfaces and recesses and heat pipes aligned therewith have corresponding long and short lengths.

Abstract: Disclosed is an infrared dryer which comprises at least one infrared heater and a pair of mutually parallel air troughs which guide ambient air from an intake end of the dryer, along the top of the dryer, and empty air into a collector box of the air plenum at the downstream end of the dryer. One of the air troughs runs along the top of the infrared heater and is ported to accept effluent air from the heating chamber, and the other of the air troughs extends along the upper surface of the dryer and serves to continually cool the upper surface or cover of the dryer.

Abstract: A vessel for a metal smelting furnace is disclosed. The vessel is provided with a heat-resistant interior wall and means for cooling the portions of said interior wall above the smelting zone. In accordance with the invention, the cooling means comprises an interior wall at least partially formed by at least one cooling pipe coil wherein the coil includes thick-walled pipes and neighboring sections of the coil are arranged in a closely adjacent relation. A cooling medium such as water is fed through the pipe coil under high pressure to dissipate heat from the interior wall of the vessel.

Abstract: A cooled jacket construction for an electric arc furnace is provided, the jacket consisting of a cooling system embedded in a refractory lining and mounted on a metallic outer shell. The cooling system comprises a plurality of plate-shaped pipe segments arranged side-by-side over the periphery of the furnace and consisting of a pipe-to-pipe construction of substantially cylindrical individual pipes, welded together for guiding a coolant over a serpentine path through the cooling system.

Abstract: An electric arc melting furnace for metal has a roof liftably positioned on a funnel-shaped refractory mouth portion, has conventional electrode openings therethrough, and provides for a smoke hole through which fumes may be exhausted. A cooling fluid-receiving circulating metal duct is positioned to extend along and in a somewhat supporting relation with respect to an outer periphery of the funnel-shaped mouth portion for introducing cooling fluid into J-shaped, heat chambers that are positioned in a circumferentially spaced relation within and about a refractory side wall in such a manner as to provide for a maximum cooling action adjacent a sill area of the furnace. Cooling-fluid-receiving and circulating chambers in the side wall are, in effect, closed or sealed-off with respect to each other. Warmed fluid or air exhausting from the chambers in the side wall may be used for heating cooler areas inside the furnace, for outside furnace discharge for room heating, etc.

Abstract: A cover for an arc furnace having a plurality of electrodes extending through a central area of the cover, a first cooling box surrounding the electrodes and a second cooling box in the outer area surrounding the central area of the cover. The first cooling box is subdivided into a plurality of cooling areas respectively associated with the plurality of electrodes, the cooling areas being electrically insulated from each other and from the second cooling box.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new furnace walls comprising recesses for the introduction of fluids, characterized in that they comprise:a strong refractory material,a shield of refractory metallic material,supports,plates of disposable material anchorable to the said supports,and, in the recesses, devices for introduction and distribution of fluids,the said walls being particularly utilizable for furnaces which operate at an internal temperature of at least 900.degree. C.

Abstract: A roof in which beams-headers rest on a roof ring and carry loop-shaped tubes suspended from and coupled with the said beams-headers which are running transversely to the framework tubes. Welded edgewisely to the top generatrices of the tubes are metal straps with bricks placed at least in one layer in rows therebetween. The brick end portions rest on the adjacent tubes, so that the brick in each row are disposed with a clearance sufficient to enable thermal expansion of the brick both vertically and horizontally when heated.

Abstract: Sealing means useful in connection with cylindrical, elongated furnaces wherein materials are treated at high pressures and high temperatures. Such furnaces generally include a cylinder, end closures and a cooling plate structure carried by the end closure and disposed internally of the furnace. The sealing means comprises an attachment ring for retaining the cooling plate in position on the end closure and a number of annular seals disposed in sealing relationship with respect to the gap between the attachment ring and the cooling plate structure. A draining channel is provided to intercommunicate said gap and the atmosphere surrounding the furnace.

Abstract: A fluid-wall reactor for high temperature chemical reactions comprising (A) a porous reactor tube, at least a portion of the interior of which defines a reaction zone, the tube being made of an electrically resistive, porous refractory material; (B) a pressure vessel enclosing the reactor tube to define an inert fluid plenum, the pressure vessel having at least one inlet for admitting the inert fluid which is directed under pressure through the porous tube wall to provide a protective blanket for the inside surface of the reactor tube; (C) means for introducing at least one reactant into the reaction zone, the reactants being directed in a predetermined path axially of the reactor tube and being confined by the protective blanket substantially centrally within the reaction zone; (D) means for passing an electric current through the reactor tube for heating the reactor tube to the temperature level at which it emits sufficient radiant energy to initiate and sustain the desired chemical reaction, the radiant en

Abstract: A high temperature reactor comprises a tube which defines a reactor chamber; means for introducing the inert fluid into the reactor tube to provide a protective blanket for the inside surface of the tube; means for introducing reactants into the chamber, the reactants being confined centrally within the chamber by the protective blanket; and, means for generating high intensity radiant energy which is directed into the chamber to coincide with at least a portion of the path of the reactants.

Abstract: A circular traveling grate machine is disclosed, which is particularly suitable for educting oil from oil shale. The machine includes generally circular inner and outer walls mounted for movement along a trackway and which carry a plurality of burden conveying pallets, hinged to the outer wall and releasably connected to the inner wall. As each pallet approaches and enters a burden discharge station, the connection between the pallet and the inner wall is released. The pallet is then guided downwardly to a discharge position by a piston and cylinder as each pallet is pivoted on its hinge under the influence of gravity. Each lowered pallet is raised by a piston and cylinder and latched in a burden carrying position to the inner wall. The pallets and walls are supported for rotation along the trackway by water cooled supporting grid to minimize differential expansion and contraction of component parts of the machine as they are subjected to differential temperatures.

Abstract: A flat self-supporting vault for tunnel-type furnaces, particularly for baking bricks and tiles is made of mutually interconnected beams bearing at both ends on the side walls of the furnace disposed transversely to the tunnel length. Each beam is made of a number of longitudinally aligned refractory segments, also interconnected, preferably by expansion joints. Each segment is formed by casting around an inner longitudinal metal core at least long as a single beam. Each metal core, such as an I-beam of two C-beams, has an external sheath of thermo-insulating material and defines with this sheath a continuous linear passage for a cooling fluid flowing in a cooling system connected to both ends of each metal core.

Abstract: A pressure furnace for treating products at high temperature and high pressure includes a high pressure chamber formed of a vertical high pressure cylinder with end closures projecting into the cylinder and a press stand with a window aperture which is somewhat larger than the height of the high pressure chamber when the end closures are fully inserted for enclosing the high pressure chamber during the pressing operation. A support member is provided which holds the pressure chamber in such a position that gaps are formed between the press stand and the end closures when the latter are moved into their innermost positions in the chamber. The lower end closure is at least in part removable and includes a bottom portion provided with cooling channels, with a stationary and a movable connection unit for connecting the bottom portion to a coolant source. The movable unit is displaceable between a connected position in contact with the stationary connection unit and a release position.

Abstract: A high temperature reactor comprises a tube which defines a reactor chamber; means for introducing the inert fluid into the reactor tube to provide a protective blanket for the inside surface of the tube; means for introducing reactants into the chamber, the reactants being confined centrally within the chamber by the protective blanket; and, means, for generating high intensity radiant energy which is directed into the chamber to coincide with at least a portion of the path of the reactants.