Abstract: A device and method for drying fine particulate. A parallel flow rotary drum dryer is used to dry the particulate material. There is a combustion chamber for the burner, located upstream of the dryer inlet, and the burner flame is limited to the combustion chamber so the fine particulate material does not come into direct contact with the burner flame. The output from the dryer passes through a knock-out box including a baffle system with a plurality of narrow gaps to create a pressure drop to slow down the gas flow and enable the entrained fine mesh dry particulate to drop out through a bottom outlet before the effluent gas is sent to the dust collection/air filtration system.

Abstract: A device for carrying out a heat treatment method with a heat treatment liquid is disclosed. The device includes a working tank, which can be closed in a pressure-tight manner and designed as a hollow circular cylindrical. The interior of the working chamber has a process chamber for arranging material to be treated. The device includes a feed device for feeding a heat treatment liquid into the process chamber and a discharge device for discharging hear treatment liquid present in the process chamber. The device has a circulating device for circulating an amount of the heat treatment liquid within the process chamber for carrying out the heat treatment method. The device includes a heating device for heating the heat treatment liquid and a storage tank for temporarily storing substantially the entire amount of the heat treatment liquid. The storage tank is arranged completely in the interior of the working tank.

Abstract: A modular mobile furnace train apparatus and a process is disclosed. Mobile furnaces may be interconnected in series to form a modular mobile furnace train. Exhaust gas may then flow through mobile furnaces in a furnace train, allowing for more effective heat transfer to payload being heated as well as increasing energy recapture. Volatile gasses emitted by the payload may be combusted. This recapture reduces production of carbon dioxide and reduces the amount of energy required during the firing while the combustion of volatiles reduces exhaust pollutants. A fire line is an area where heat is applied, while a service line is an area where loading, unloading, inspection, and ongoing maintenance may take place. The modular mobile furnace train allows separation of the fire and maintenance which reduces worker exposure to dangerous environments while decreasing operational costs. Furthermore, the modular mobile furnace facility is less costly to build and operate.

Abstract: An apparatus and process is disclosed for the treatment of a component using a fluidised bed of powder. The apparatus includes a treatment chamber for receiving at least a treatment part of the component and a powder reservoir. The powder reservoir has heating or cooling means for controlling the temperature of the powder. A flexible powder conveyor (e.g. educator) links the treatment chamber and the powder reservoir, continuously conveying powder from the reservoir to the treatment chamber for use in the fluidised bed. The powder reservoir and the treatment chamber are independently positionable, so that the position of the treatment chamber is variable with respect to the powder reservoir during operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to production of hydrocarbons from an underground formation. More specifically, embodiments relate to a system and method for generating steam for heavy hydrocarbon production process. The indirect steam generation system uses moving hot solids (e.g. sand, metal spheres, etc) to produce steam from non-treated (dirty) boiler feed water. The solids are then transported to another vessel (e.g.combustor) where they are reheated and cleaned of contaminants before being recycled back to the boiler to produce more steam.

Abstract: A method for pyrogasification of organic wastes that employs a vertical furnace filled with metal masses in the shape of metal toroids (2) previously raised to a high temperature (500 to 1100° C.) and organic materials to be pyrolyzed. It also employs a furnace for heating toroids transported by an Archimedes screw driven by a gear motor, as well as a separator for recovering the mineral residues, whereby separation between the toroids and residues is effected with the aid of a screen and an Archimedes screw driven by a gear motor.

Abstract: A electric oven is provided that includes a body, a cooking chamber located within the body for receiving food, the cooking chamber having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a rear surface joining the upper surface to the lower surface, at least one of a convection heater located at the rear surface of the cooking chamber and a bake heater located at the lower surface of the cooking chamber, and at least two broil heaters located at the upper surface of the cooking chamber, each of the at least two broil heaters being individually operable. Methods for preheating the electric oven are also provided.

Abstract: A method for removing sulfur containing dust particles from particulate material exiting a material preheater in which the particulate material is heated by kiln off gases may include a number of steps. Off gases from the kiln are directed through a gas conduit to the preheater to preheat particulate material traveling through the preheater in a direction countercurrent to the direction of off gas flow through the preheater. Material exiting the preheater is directed to a material bypass conduit that is separated from the gas conduit and is flow connected to a material inlet to the kiln. A stripping gas is directed through the conduit to entrain dust particles in the preheated material and to carry said dust particles away from the preheated material.

Abstract: The device according to the invention for performing chemical and/or physical reactions between a solid material and a gas, in particular for preheating, cooling and/or calcining fine-grained materials substantially comprises at least one helical and/or spiral line, in which a gas/solid material suspension is separated by centrifugal forces into a solid material flow and a gas flow and at least one separation chamber which is connected to the end of the helical and/or spiral line and which is connected to a gas line in order to direct the gas flow away or which is formed by a portion of the gas line, a solid material line for directing the solid material flow away being connected to the separation chamber. The helical and/or spiral line opens into the separation chamber tangentially at an angle of at least 30° relative to the horizontal and the cross-section of the separation chamber in the region of the opening is from 0.5 to 1.5 times as large as the cross-section of the helical and/or spiral line.

Abstract: A modular mobile furnace train apparatus and a process is disclosed. Mobile furnaces may be interconnected in series to form a modular mobile furnace train. Exhaust gas may then flow through mobile furnaces in a furnace train, allowing for more effective heat transfer to payload being heated as well as increasing energy recapture. Volatile gasses emitted by the payload may be combusted. This recapture reduces production of carbon dioxide and reduces the amount of energy required during the firing while the combustion of volatiles reduces exhaust pollutants. A fire line is an area where heat is applied, while a service line is an area where loading, unloading, inspection, and ongoing maintenance may take place. The modular mobile furnace train allows separation of the fire and maintenance which reduces worker exposure to dangerous environments while decreasing operational costs. Furthermore, the modular mobile furnace facility is less costly to build and operate.

Abstract: A furnace for heat treating components, especially relatively long components such as main shafts of gas turbine engines, comprises means for mounting a number of components vertically and conveying them repeatedly around a circular path surrounding one or more heating elements, while simultaneously rotating the components about their vertical axes. This allows uniform heat treatment of the components, even when long treatment times are needed. Loading and unloading chambers adjacent to the main chamber permit automated loading and unloading of components without disturbing the environment within the main chamber.

Abstract: A electric oven is provided that includes a body, a cooking chamber located within the body for receiving food, the cooking chamber having an upper surface, a lower surface, and a rear surface joining the upper surface to the lower surface, at least one of a convection heater located at the rear surface of the cooking chamber and a bake heater located at the lower surface of the cooking chamber, and at least two broil heaters located at the upper surface of the cooking chamber, each of the at least two broil heaters being individually operable. Methods for preheating the electric oven are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the horizontal conveying of a dry powder is provided, notably useful for conveying heat from a heat-producing operation to a heat-consuming operation. In this application, heat is conveyed by a hot powder flowing through a vertically vibrated duct, the intensity of the vibration being sufficient to place the powder in a liquid-like state. The flow of powder is accompanied by a fall in pressure, and there is included a step for raising the pressure of the powder.

Abstract: A rotary hearth furnace for reducing a feed material is disclosed. The rotary hearth furnace includes a rotating hearth disposed in an enclosure and mounted for rotary movement. The enclosure includes an annular inner wall, an annular outer wall and a roof. The enclosure is sealed to the hearth and divided into a plurality of zones including at least a loading zone, a process zone and a discharge zone. The furnace further includes a plurality of burners positioned in at least the outer wall of the enclosure to provide a controlled temperature within the rotary hearth furnace and a flue positioned within the reduction zone of the furnace between the preheat zone and the discharge zone to exhaust combustion gases from the burners and gases resulting from the processing of the feed material. Said flue contains space for combustion and settling of the unburned particulates.

Abstract: Raw materials, including a metal oxide and a carbonaceous material, are supplied into a rotary hearth furnace. Then, the raw materials are heated and reduced by burners, which are arranged to cause a strong stirring action for an atmosphere around the raw materials, in an early reducing period that is defined as a period during which 70-80% of a total amount of a flammable gas generated from the raw materials is generated. In a latter period subsequent to the early reducing period, the raw materials are heated and reduced by burners arranged to cause a weak stirring action for an atmosphere around the raw materials, whereby a metal is manufactured. With the present invention, productivity can be improved and the fuel consumption per unit product can be reduced.

Abstract: A thermal method for continuously processing waste having a calorific value and any degree of moisture, wherein waste is put in a flow of hot, heat-resistant, heat-exchanging material which is warmer than 100.degree. C. The heat exchanging material cools due to heat exchange, the waste dries and the non-evaporated waste components are heated. The cooled, heat-exchanging material is subsequently separated from the dried waste materials and the separated dried waste material is mixed with a percentage of the separated heat-exchanging material. The dried waste material and heat-exchanging material mixture is subsequently heated to pyrolyze waste material and heat the heat exchanging material in preparation for its subsequently use in the continuous process.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved apparatus for use in processing wet scrap textile glass fiber into a dry flowable powder. The apparatus includes a unique inlet and outlet structure to prevent clogging during operation. The apparatus also includes a unique discharge unit for ground dry glass fines composed of a pair of rod gratings place proximate the outlet of the apparatus.

Abstract: A fluidized bed method and apparatus involving a grounded electrically conductive bed for controlling or eliminating electrostatic charges therein and high surface area charge dissipators.

Abstract: A device for and method of working up etching and pickling liquids consisting of a vertical furnace having one or more vertical reaction spaces through which balls move at a maximum packing density.The furnace has a temperature gradient from the bottom (high) to the top (low). The reaction space and the balls consist of a material which is inert with respect to the liquid to be worked up. The liquid is introduced into the upper side of the furnace so that a film is formed in the heated surface of the balls. The salt dissolved in the liquid decomposes pyrolytically. The metal oxide is deposited on the surface of the balls and is removed therefrom after leaving the reaction space. The acid residue vapours are drained at the top and recovered in a separate absorber to the original pickling or etching acid.

Abstract: A fixed-bed charge in a tube reactor is heated, and at the same time heat is conducted away from, or into, the fixed bed, by a method in which the fixed bed is heated by means of a fluidized material which conducts away and supplies heat and flows through the voids in the charge, and the heat is conducted away or supplied by means of a heat-transfer medium flowing in a heat exchanger, the latter being located in the fixed bed or in a fluidized layer formed above the fixed bed and consisting of the fluidized material.

Abstract: In reheating and conveying a granular heat carrier, such as sand, using a carrier gas, where the heat carrier may be utilized for desorption by heating a charged lumpy adsorbent, the heat carrier is circulated through a vertically arranged cycle loop. Initially the heat carrier is conveyed from a carrier gas inlet at the lowermost part of the loop to a separator at the uppermost point. After separation, the heat carrier flows downwardly under the effect of gravity through the loop passing, in turn, through a heater, a desorber where it is mixed with the adsorbent, and another separator where it is separated from the adsorbent, before the carrier returns to the carrier gas inlet for repeating the cycle. If sand is used as the heat carrier it can be conveyed upwardly through the loop by compressed air.

Abstract: Cold, wet gypsum is admixed to a moving bed of hot solid particles of a heat-retaining material. The mixture is fed to a moving bed type drier where it is agitated while the released vapors are withdrawn. After discharge from the drier, dry gypsum is separated from the heating particles and the latter are recirculated into a heater. Preferably, flue gases from a combustion chamber are employed for heating the particles, which are preferably in the form of steel balls.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for drying or heating a particulate material by means of heat transfer media which is brought into direct contact with the particulate material within a continuously rotating cylindrical drum. The particulate material flows in one general overall direction through the drum and the heat transfer media flows in a generally opposite direction through the drum. The particulate material is subjected to heat treatment by repeatedly coming into direct and immediate physical contact with the heat transfer media in the course of flowing through the drum while it is subsequently separated from the heat transfer media per revolution of the drum.

Abstract: This invention relates to non-abrasive, lubricative, particulate solids, e.g. graphites, lime, calcium oxides, zinc oxides and compounds of higher saturated fatty acids, particularly, stearate salts, and their methods of use as fluidized bed media for preventing clinging and related carryover problems. Preferably, fluidized bed media, selected in accordance with this invention, have a beneficial effect on subsequent process operations.

Abstract: This invention is relevant to a method for saving fuel in heating plants which utilize thermal energy obtained through combustion of fuel in a boiler and in which the heat transfer medium is circulating water, said method consisting of mixing the circulating water with aqueous solution or homogeneous dispersion of a salified polymeric substance selected from amongst polymers and copolymers of acrylic or methacrylic acid, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for conveying very fine material, for example, a material where 100 percent of the material is less than fifty microns in diameter, and 50 percent of the material is less than five microns in diameter. The method utilizes a vibratory conveyor, on the surface of which is formed a bed of relatively large particulate material (50 mesh or larger in diameter, for example), and the very fine particles are introduced onto the bed. Under vibratory conveying motion, the fine material filters into the interstices formed by the larger particles and thus the fine material is conveyed along with the coarser material to a point of delivery. Another aspect of the invention includes the step of separating the fine material from the particulate material and recirculating the latter. Also, the recirculating particulate material may be chilled during recirculation and thus acts as a cooling agent when reintroduced to the conveyor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for transferring heat between two gases having different temperatures through the intermediary of a solid heat-carrier, which process may be possibly applied to the treatment of a raw cement. In said process a powderous or granular solid material is employed as the solid heat-carrier, the gases circulating in two different cascades comprising batteries of cyclones and said heat-carrier is used to recover at least a part of the heat carried along by the hot fumes issuing from a clinkerization furnace.

Abstract: An inplace gasket belling machine wherein a plastic pipe is received in a tilt clamp fixture and tilted thereon for receiving a heating bell on one end portion of the pipe. Heated fluid is directed over the inserted pipe end portion. The heating bell may be withdrawn from the pipe in intermittent steps to afford a temperature gradient along the pipe end portion. The pipe is then tilted to a horizontal disposition for the insertion of a gasket belling mandrel into the heated end portion of the pipe. A gasket magazine is supported adjacent the mandrel for automatically placing an annular gasket on the mandrel for insertion into the pipe end portion. The mandrel includes an outer housing and a mandrel body portion telescopically received within the outer housing. The outer housing has a stop shoulder and a gasket positioning sleeve extended forwardly therefrom. The mandrel body portion has a flared pipe expanding portion and a gasket carrying portion rearwardly thereof.

Abstract: A reaction vessel for regenerating particulate adsorbents has a bottom outlet and top inlets for admission of the adsorbent to be regenerated by being heated to a regeneration temperature, and for a particulate regenerating material at a temperature above the regeneration temperature. The mixture of the adsorbent with the regenerating material forms a bed in the reaction vessel and is continuously withdrawn through the outlet so that the bed descends toward the latter and is replenished from above under the formation of a cone at the upper region of the bed. A plurality of tubular baffles coaxially surrounds the inlets which are also coaxial with one another, each of the tubular baffles penetrating into the bed in the region of the cone and retards the flow of the particles of the mixture down the slope of the cone in that the particles must pass underneath the baffle to flow to the next baffle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for roasting a product with a heated granular bed are disclosed. A granular bedding, heat transfer material such as salt or the like contained within a rotatable heating chamber is directly exposed to a heat source which directs heat into the interior of the heating chamber. Heated granular material is then conveyed to a separate product roasting chamber and mixed with incoming particles of a product to be roasted. Internally disposed auger and flighting means facilitate movement of the commingled granular material and product through the roasting bin in response to rotation thereof. Separation means at the output of the roasting bin separates the processed product from the granular heating medium, and continuously returns the granular material to the heating bin for repetition of the process cycle. In one form of the invention the heating chamber is coaxially disposed internally of the rotatable roasting chamber to maximize thermal efficiency.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for treating materials, such as solid, particulate material, wherein the particulate material is introduced into a heat transfer medium, the density of such medium being different from that of the particulate material and the temperature of such medium being higher than that of the particulate material when so introduced. The particulate material, the individual particles of which are preferably introduced separately, travels through the medium and becomes heated thereby to a generally flowable state. The flowable particles of the particulate material thereupon leave the fluid and coalesce to form a flowable mass thereof external to the heat transfer medium.

Abstract: A process and system to dry wet sewage sludge with hot sand and to burn the dried sludge. The sand is heated in a sand heater by burning dried sludge, and the hot sand is transferred to a sludge dryer. Wet sludge is mixed with the hot sand in the sludge dryer and thereby moisture is driven off. The dried sludge and sand are separated, and the sand returned to a sand heater while the dried sludge is burned to heat the sand.

Abstract: A waste gas purification apparatus having an elongated vertical hollow furnace shaft adapted to receive pebbles therein with a waste gas inlet at the lower end with a pebble discharge means at said lower end. At the top of the shaft is a narrow exhaust gas duct with a pebble feed chute, a pebble charge device and a pebble recirculating tube extending from the discharge hoppers to the charge device. A blower is coupled to the gas inlet for force feeding waste gas through said gas inlet. At the upper end of the shaft is an inactive travel zone. Between the inactive travel zone and the lower shaft is an intermediate shaft with a temperature control chamber in parallel with said intermediate shaft. Pebbles move downwards in the shaft from the inactive travel zone to the discharge hoppers and are recirculated to the upper end while waste gas is fed to the lower end and travels up through the shaft, a portion of the gas passing through the temperature control chamber, the clean gas leaving the upper end.