Abstract: A method for determining, in real-time, an electronic limited-slip differential (eLSD) clutch torque includes receiving vehicle data in real-time, wherein the vehicle data includes a torque request, determining a preliminary eLSD clutch torque using a neural network and the vehicle data, determining clutch torque bounds of the eLSD using a physics-based model, determining whether the preliminary eLSD clutch torque is outside the clutch torque bounds of the eLSD, adjusting the preliminary eLSD clutch torque using clutch torque bounds to determine a final clutch torque of the eLSD in response to determining that the preliminary eLSD clutch torque is outside the clutch torque bounds of the eLSD, and commanding, in real-time, the eLSD to apply the final clutch torque to a clutch of the eLSD.

Abstract: Techniques are described herein for providing a system and techniques for remotely administering a practical exam, such as a road test component of a driver's license examination. A platform server receives streaming data captured by one or more audio and video sensors of a monitoring device located in a vehicle during the road test component. The platform server is at a location remote from the vehicle. The platform server identifies, from the streaming data, one or more events associated with an individual inside the vehicle taking the examination. The platform server evaluates each event against one or more rules of the road test component and generates an examination result based on the evaluation.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a distributed data center that includes resources carried by a fleet of vehicles. The system includes sensors configured to generate output signals conveying information related to the vehicles. The system may detect vehicle events based on the information conveyed by the output signals. The system includes a remote computing server configured to present a user interface to a user. Through the user interface, the user may query information from one or more vehicles in the fleet. The distributed query is transmitted to individual vehicles, and results are locally processed in accordance with response constraints and subsequently transmitted back to the remote computing server for presentation to the user.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to estimate the location of a vehicle based at least in part upon two or more road signs that are depicted by one or more images captured by one or more image capture devices onboard the vehicle. By relying at least in part upon the two or more road signs, the location of the vehicle may be refined or otherwise estimated with enhanced accuracy, such as in instances in which there is an inability to maintain a line-of-sight with the satellites of a satellite positioning system or otherwise in instances in which the location estimated based upon reliance on satellite or radio signals is considered insufficient. As a result, the vehicle may be navigated in a more informed and reliable manner and the relationship of the vehicle to other vehicles may be determined with greater confidence.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to dynamic and adaptive systems and methods for rewarding and/or disincentivizing behaviors.

Abstract: Systems and methods for scenario marker infrastructure are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method comprises receiving driving scenario data, extracting simulated sensor data from the driving scenario data, extracting scenario markers from the driving scenario data, inputting the simulated sensor data into autonomous driving software, receiving driving instructions output by the driving software, updating a driving status of the autonomous vehicle based on the driving instructions output by the autonomous driving software, creating a simulation log comprising the simulated sensor data and the driving instructions, and inserting the scenario markers into the simulation log.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining the driving behavior of a driver, the device comprising at least means for receiving data from two or more data sources, of which at least one produces data relating to changes in the state of motion of a vehicle and at least one other produces measured data on the well-being of the driver; means for scoring the received data by comparing it with data-specific reference values; means for forming a respective sub-index from each scored item of data; means for determining a driving behavior index on the basis of the formed sub-indices; and means for controlling control equipment of the vehicle on the basis of the driving behavior index and/or for storing the driving behavior index in a database.

Abstract: A cloud-based training tool for coaching and reinforcement of defensive driver skills and knowledge is disclosed. The cloud-based training tool for coaching and reinforcement of defensive driver skills and knowledge is unlike anything in its field. The cloud-based training tool for coaching and reinforcement of defensive driver skills and knowledge uses a scoring system that provides accuracy on knowledge and skills.

Abstract: A matched array technology system and method for displaying in a two-dimensional array the structured interactions between management and a plurality of employees in an organization. Axes contain proxy values of employee and manager expectations scaled to yield a matched array and an alignment vector containing cells representing target alignment between employee and manager expectations. A scatter plot of multiple employee positions portrays the pattern of talent alignment and distribution, representing the talent architecture for the organization. The talent architecture is characterized by multiple static and dynamic metrics that identify normative opportunities to improve organization alignment, and measure organization talent management performance, especially in relation to the reference and general alignment vectors of the array.

Abstract: An approach is provided for generating synthetic image data for machine learning. The approach, for instance, involves determining, by a processor, a set of parameters for indicating an action by one or more objects. The action is a dynamic movement of the one or more objects through a geographic space over a period of time. The approach also involves processing the set of parameters to generate synthetic image data. The synthetic image data includes a computer-generated image sequence of the one or more objects performing the action in the geographic space over the period of time. The approach further involves automatically labeling the synthetic image data with at least one label representing the action, the set of parameters, or a combination thereof. The approach further involves providing the labeled synthetic image data for training or evaluating a machine learning model to detect the action.

Abstract: Telematics systems and methods are described for generating interactive animated guided user interfaces (GUIs). A telematics cloud platform is configured to receive vehicular telematics data from a telematics device onboard a vehicle. A GUI value compression component determines, based on the vehicular telematics data, a plurality of GUI position values and a plurality of corresponding GUI time values. A geospatial animation app receives the plurality of GUI position values and the plurality of corresponding GUI time values. The geospatial animation app implements an interactive animated GUI that renders a plurality of geospatial graphics or graphical routes on a geographic area map via a display device. The geospatial graphics or graphical routes are rendered to have different visual forms based on differences between respective GUI position values and corresponding GUI time values.

Abstract: A system for reconstructing a vehicular crash (i) receives sensor data of a vehicular crash from at least one mobile device associated with a user; (ii) generates a scenario model of the vehicular crash based upon the received sensor data; (iii) transmits the scenario model to a user computer device associated with the user; (iv) receives a confirmation of the scenario model from the user computer device; (v) stores the scenario model; and (vi) may generate at least one insurance claim form based upon the scenario model. As a result, the speed and accuracy of the claim processing is increased. The system may also utilize vehicle occupant positional data, and internal and external sensor data to detect potential imminent vehicle collisions, take corrective actions, automatically engage autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle features, and/or generate virtual reconstructions of the vehicle collision.

Abstract: A vehicle controller includes at least one input configured to receive sensor signals from a plurality of sensors configured to determine vehicle dynamic information and at least one input configured to receive sensor signals from a plurality of sensors configured to determine external vehicle information Included in the vehicle controller is a memory and a processor. The memory stores instructions for executing a vehicle positioning system and a driver assistance system using the controller. An output is configured to output a safe to pass condition in response to the controller determining an available vehicle power meets or exceeds an estimated power requirement for a passing operation.

Abstract: Systems and apparatuses for identifying a type of issue associated with a stopped vehicle are provided. The system may determine a current location of the vehicle and determine whether the vehicle is currently located on a highway. In some examples, the determined location of the vehicle may cause the system to transmit instructions controlling an amount or type of data collected by sensors and/or transmitted to the system. If the vehicle is on a highway, the system may then determine whether the vehicle is stopped. If so, the system may determine a reason for the vehicle stopping. Upon determining that the vehicle is stopped for an urgent reason, the system may transmit a request for roadside assistance to a service provider computing device and may generate a first type of notification. Upon determining that the vehicle is stopped for a non-urgent situation reason, the system may generate and transmit a second type of notification for display.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for controlling braking a vehicle in an autonomous driving mode. For instance, the vehicle is controlled in the autonomous driving mode according to a first braking control mode using a first model to adjust the position of a vehicle relative to an expected position of a current trajectory of the vehicle. Using a second model how close to a maximum deviation threshold the vehicle would come if a maximum braking strength for the vehicle was applied is predicted. The maximum deviation threshold provides an allowed forward deviation from the current trajectory. Based on the prediction, the vehicle is controlled in the autonomous driving mode according to a second braking control mode by automatically applying the maximum braking strength.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a distributed data center that includes resources carried by a fleet of vehicles. Individual vehicles carry sensors configured to generate output signals conveying information related to the vehicles and/or the surroundings of the vehicles. The system includes a remote computing server configured to obtain executable code from a user, and subsequently transmit the executable code to individual vehicles in the fleet. Individual vehicles locally execute the executable code to produce local results, and subsequently transfer the results to the remote computing server for presentation to the user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for teaching and/or evaluating driving behavior of a driver of an autonomous-capable vehicle. The vehicle is operated in a manual-control mode wherein a driver has manual control, and a communication device (audio speaker, visual display, etc.) issues an instruction to the driver to perform a task. As the driver is attempting to perform the task, a sensor monitors the driver's behavior. A driver instruction module (that interfaces with the vehicle's autonomous driving module) determines a deviation between the driver's behavior and a desired behavior to perform the task. If the deviation exceeds a permissible amount, the vehicle is placed under autonomous control (control is taken away from the driver) and the task is completed in a manner that is in accordance with the desired behavior.

Abstract: A determination is made that a mobile device is associated with a reference activity of a user based on motion, orientation, rotational, magnetic field, and/or location data provided by sensors of the device. Activity data associated with the reference activity is obtained from the sensor-provided data. The activity data is recorded on the device for a configured period of time after which it is determined that the device is no longer performing the reference activity. The retained activity data for the reference activity is sent from the device to a network-based behavior analyzer when a network connection is available from the device. The network-based behavior analyzer derives user behaviors for the reference activity based on the activity data.

Abstract: A system for reconstructing a vehicular crash (i) receives sensor data of a vehicular crash from at least one mobile device associated with a user; (ii) generates a scenario model of the vehicular crash based upon the received sensor data; (iii) transmits the scenario model to a user computer device associated with the user; (iv) receives a confirmation of the scenario model from the user computer device; (v) stores the scenario model; and (vi) may generate at least one insurance claim form based upon the scenario model. As a result, the speed and accuracy of the claim processing is increased. The system may also utilize vehicle occupant positional data, and internal and external sensor data to detect potential imminent vehicle collisions, take corrective actions, automatically engage autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle features, and/or generate virtual reconstructions of the vehicle collision.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a distributed data center that includes resources carried by a fleet of vehicles. Individual vehicles carry sensors configured to generate output signals conveying information related to the vehicles and/or the surroundings of the vehicles. The system includes a remote computing server configured to obtain executable code from a user, and subsequently transmit the executable code to individual vehicles in the fleet. Individual vehicles locally execute the executable code to produce local results, and subsequently transfer the results to the remote computing server for presentation to the user.

Abstract: A driving control method compares, in a vehicle capable of switching manual driving to run the vehicle according to driving operations of an occupant and automated driving to automatically run the vehicle from one to another, occupant's driving characteristics of manual driving in a present trip of the vehicle with reference driving characteristics stored in advance, and if a predetermined deviation occurs between the occupant's driving characteristics of manual driving in the present trip and the reference driving characteristics, sets driving characteristics applied to the automated driving according to the occupant's driving characteristics of manual driving in the present trip.

Abstract: A device, system and method for autonomous tactical vehicle control is provided. Data associated with a second vehicle pursued by the first vehicle is received at a computing device associated with the first vehicle. A plurality of tactical intercept maneuvers and associated risk factors are determined using the data. A tactical intercept maneuver is selected based on the respective risk factors. The first vehicle is controlled to autonomously perform the tactical intercept maneuver and/or a notification device is controlled to provide, at the first vehicle, guidance for an operator of the first vehicle to perform the tactical intercept maneuver using the first vehicle.

Abstract: Methods, devices and apparatuses pertaining to aberrant driver classification and reporting are described. A method may involve receiving a message from a user of a first vehicle, the message indicating an instance of aberrant driving of a second vehicle. The method may also involve determining that the instance has occurred using one or more classifiers. The method may further involve collecting information of the second vehicle and generating a warning message based on the information.

Abstract: Methods, devices and apparatuses pertaining to aberrant driver classification and reporting are described. A method may involve receiving a message from a user of a first vehicle, the message indicating an instance of aberrant driving of a second vehicle. The method may also involve determining that the instance has occurred using one or more classifiers. The method may further involve collecting information of the second vehicle and generating a warning message based on the information.

Abstract: Described herein are a system and method of training a motor vehicle operator in crash-avoidance skills. Critical crash-avoidance skills comprise actively scanning a driving environment to identify, recognize, and remember what is seen; adjusting vehicle speed and position to accommodate road conditions, visibility, and traffic; proactively identifying and responding to potential hazards before the potential hazards become immediate hazards; recognizing, assessing, and responding to driving risks; creating a space cushion in order to identify and maintain possible escape routes; and identifying and minimizing visual, manual, and cognitive distractions. Training comprises at least one interactive driving simulation in which use of technology by a motor vehicle operator impacts performance of the motor vehicle operator.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems and methods that employ tolerance values defining a level of vehicle control precision for motion control of an autonomous vehicle. More particularly, a vehicle controller can obtain a trajectory that describes a proposed motion path for the autonomous vehicle. A constraint set of one or more tolerance values (e.g., a longitudinal tolerance value and/or lateral tolerance value) defining a level of vehicle control precision can be determined or otherwise obtained. Motion of the autonomous vehicle can be controlled to follow the trajectory within the one or more tolerance values (e.g., longitudinal tolerance value(s) and/or a lateral tolerance value(s)) identified by the constraint set. By creating a motion control framework for autonomous vehicles that includes an adjustable constraint set of tolerance values, autonomous vehicles can more effectively implement different precision requirements for different driving situations.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate generally to autonomous vehicles and associated mechanical, electrical and electronic hardware, computer software and systems, and wired and wireless network communications to provide an autonomous vehicle fleet as a service. More specifically, systems, devices, and methods are configured to simulate navigation of autonomous vehicles in various simulated environments. In particular, a method may include receiving data representing characteristics of a dynamic object, calculating a classification of a dynamic object to identify a classified dynamic object, identifying data representing dynamic-related characteristics associated with the classified dynamic object, forming a data model of the classified dynamic object, simulating a predicted range of motion of the classified dynamic object in a simulated environment to form a simulated dynamic object, and simulating a predicted response of a data representation of a simulated autonomous vehicle.

Abstract: Methods, devices and apparatuses pertaining to aberrant driver classification and reporting are described. A method may involve receiving a message from a user of a first vehicle, the message indicating an instance of aberrant driving of a second vehicle. The method may also involve determining that the instance has occurred using one or more classifiers. The method may further involve collecting information of the second vehicle and generating a warning message based on the information.

Abstract: Systems and methods of analyzing a target vehicle based on other vehicles are disclosed. One or more computing devices may receive monitoring vehicle driving data collected from vehicle operation sensors within at least one monitoring vehicle by a telematics device. The one or more computing devices may further receive target vehicle driving data from the telematics device of the at least one monitoring vehicle. The one or more computing devices may determine a driving behavior associated with the target vehicle based on an analysis of the monitoring vehicle driving data and the target vehicle driving data. The one or more computing devices may calculate one or more driver scores based on the driving behavior.

Abstract: A system is provided for determining likely and ongoing driving habits of registered drivers working for employers. The system using software adapted to operate and perform the system tasks, ascertains remedial driving courses for determined driving habits requiring them, and subsequently provides the driving courses to chosen drivers. The system tracks ongoing driver performance and compliance with assigned courses and provides notification of such to employers of the drivers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using machine learning classifiers to identify anomalous driving behavior in vehicle driver data obtained from vehicle telematics devices are provided. In one example, a vehicle telematics device receives vehicle driver data from sensors, identifies anomalies in the vehicle driver data by using an unsupervised machine learning process, calculates a driver risk score by using the anomalies identified in the vehicle driver data, and transmits the risk score to a remote server system. In another example, a server system receives vehicle driver data from a plurality of vehicle telematics devices, identifies anomalies in the vehicle driver data by using an unsupervised machine learning process, and calculates a driver risk score by using the anomalies identified in the vehicle driver data.

Abstract: Systems and apparatuses for identifying a type of issue associated with a stopped vehicle are provided. The system may determine a current location of the vehicle and determine whether the vehicle is currently located on a highway. In some examples, the determined location of the vehicle may cause the system to transmit instructions controlling an amount or type of data collected by sensors and/or transmitted to the system. If the vehicle is on a highway, the system may then determine whether the vehicle is stopped. If so, the system may determine a reason for the vehicle stopping. Upon determining that the vehicle is stopped for an urgent reason, the system may transmit a request for roadside assistance to a service provider computing device and may generate a first type of notification. Upon determining that the vehicle is stopped for a non-urgent situation reason, the system may generate and transmit a second type of notification for display.

Abstract: Method for automatically assessing performance of a driver (110) of a vehicle (100) for a particular trip, wherein current driving data sets, comprising basic driving data are repeatedly read from the vehicle, which method comprises the steps a) collecting previous-trip driving data sets, comprising instantaneous vehicle energy consumption, for different previous trips, different drivers and different vehicles; b) for each of said current-trip driving data sets, selecting a corresponding previous-trip data set; c) calculating the value of said second trip performance parameter based upon the respective values of a first trip performance parameter for each of said selected previous-trip driving data sets, which first trip performance parameter is calculated for the previous-trip data set in question as a relative trip performance of the previous-trip data set in question in relation to the trip during which the previous-trip data set was observed. The invention also relates to a system.

Abstract: Described embodiments include a self-propelled vehicle, method, and system. The self-propelled vehicle includes an autonomous driving system configured to dynamically determine maneuvers operating the vehicle along a route in an automated mode without continuous input from a human driver. The vehicle includes an input device configured to receive a real-time request for a specific dynamic maneuver by the vehicle operating along the route from the human driver. The vehicle includes a decision circuit configured to select a real-time dynamic maneuver by arbitrating between (i) the received real-time request for the specific dynamic maneuver from the human driver and (ii) a real-time determination relative to the specific dynamic maneuver received from the autonomous driving system. The vehicle includes an implementation circuit configured to output the selected real-time dynamic maneuver to an operations system of the vehicle.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for standardized evaluation of new drivers seeking driver's licenses. A driving license acquisition system may determine the requirements for a new driver to obtain a full driver's license in a particular state, track the driver's driving performance to determine when the requirements are met, and administer a written test and a driving test. Upon passing the written test and the driving test, the driving license acquisition system may communicate with a driver's license issuing authority system (e.g., Department of Motor Vehicles) to recommend issuing a driver's license to the driver. The driving license acquisition system may reduce the need for a parent or other supervisor to monitor the new driver's driving record, and may reduce the need for the new driver visiting a local driver's license issuing authority to obtain a driver's license.

Abstract: Systems and method are provided for tracking locations of a driver and vehicle. In one example, a location tracking system pairs a vehicle location device and a driver location device by associating a driver identifier and a timestamp with the driver location device and the vehicle location device, obtains vehicle location data including a set of vehicle location data points, obtains driver location data including a set of driver location data points, correlates the vehicle location data and the driver location data, generates vehicle driver data based on the correlated vehicle location data and driver location data, and identifies a driver of the vehicle at a particular time by using the vehicle driver data and the timestamp.

Abstract: A motion analysis system includes an acceleration measuring device, an acceleration processor, a velocity processor, a distance processor, a peak velocity processor, a profile correlation processor, and a vehicle action processor. The system determines a time for an initiation of an action for a vehicle by determining that a distance traveled by the vehicle is greater than a safe separation distance and that a peak velocity is greater than a minimum velocity. The system initiates the action for the vehicle based on the verified position of the vehicle and the confirmed profile data as determined by the profile correlation processor, and based on the determination that the distance traveled by the vehicle is greater than the safe separation distance and that the peak velocity is greater than the minimum velocity as determined by the vehicle action processor.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, there is provided a drive assist device including an index calculation unit configured to calculate an index relating to a relative relationship between a vehicle and a target object and a drive assist determination unit configured to determine whether to execute a drive assist control of the vehicle based on the index and as the vehicle width direction component of the relative speed between the vehicle and the target object decreases, the index calculation unit calculates the index with increasing a degree of influence of the relative relationship relating to the vehicle width direction component, or as the vehicle width direction component of the relative distance between the vehicle and the target object increases, the index calculation unit calculates the index with increasing the degree of influence of the relative relationship relating to the vehicle width direction component.

Abstract: The devices, methods, systems and computer-readable mediums of the present disclosure provide automatic data collection for insurance rating purposes. In particular, a battery powered Bluetooth device may be attached to a personal item of an insured individual. The Bluetooth device may automatically trigger a mobile telephone to begin storing data related to use of the personal item when the mobile telephone is proximate the Bluetooth device. The mobile telephone may periodically transmit the stored data to a remote server.

Abstract: In a driving assistance device 1, when an execution determination unit 12 determines that a driving assistance unit 11 performs driving assistance, a consciousness degradation determination unit 13 performs control such that a warning unit 9 is less likely to issue a warning than that when the driving assistance is not performed. Therefore, even when the position of a host vehicle is changed by the steering of the host vehicle by a driving assistance unit 11, it is possible to reduce the discomfort of a driver due to a warning.

Abstract: A method of operation of a navigation system includes: generating a maneuver instruction for a driving maneuver, the maneuver instruction including an explanation of how to turn, merge, park or operate a driver's vehicle; monitoring a maneuver attempt for a compliance to the maneuver instruction; modifying the maneuver instruction based on the maneuver attempt; assigning a driver skill grade for the maneuver attempt based on the compliance to the maneuver instruction; and generating a training feedback to improve the driver skill grade of the maneuver attempt for displaying on a device.

Abstract: Vehicle operator performance history recording and reporting systems include devices and methods of automatically collecting and processing vehicle crash or event data over time to form a driver history report. A driver history report may include many factors to express performance or quality of driver service, and these may be reduced to a single value normalized expression in view of a collection of many drivers. Vehicle event recorders are arranged to capture data relating to a particular event. These vehicle event recorders are further coupled to systems which form an association between collected data and the vehicle operator in command of the vehicle at the event moment. Systems provide means for long-term storage of data particularly data in a structure which preserves the association between a driver and event records attributed to him/her.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium, and a driver intervention device that obtains an indication of a risk event associated with a motor vehicle driver. At least one human factor of the motor vehicle driver that contributed to the risk event is retrieved based on a correlation with the indicated risk event. At least one recommended intervention is determined for the motor vehicle driver based on a match of the at least one human factor of the motor vehicle driver. The determined at least one recommended intervention is output to a computing device associated with the motor vehicle driver.

Abstract: An on-vehicle system for assessing an operator's efficiency of a vehicle, include sensors, an audiovisual display device, a processor and a data storage. The sensors measure or detect conditions of components of the vehicle, and convert the detected conditions into analog or digital information. The data storage stores program instructions, the analog or digital information from the sensors, and other data. The program instructions, when executed by the processor, control the on-vehicle system to determine a state of the vehicle within a vehicle's environment based on the analog or digital information from the sensors, determine whether one or more of a predetermined set of behaviors has occurred based on the determined state of a vehicle, assess performance of the determined one or more of the predetermined set of behaviors, and present the operator, via the audiovisual display device, a feedback based on the assessment.

Abstract: A computer in a vehicle is configured to receive one or more data collector inputs, detect an object proximate to the vehicle based on the one or more inputs, determine a closure speed between the object and the vehicle, determine a change in speed of the object, compute an accountability factor; and determine whether to identify a potential incident based at least in part on the accountability factor and an incident value. The incident value is a function of at least one of the closure speed and a distance between the vehicle and the object. The accountability factor is based at least in part on the closure speed and the change in speed of the object.

Abstract: A system for determining vehicle driver hazard detection proficiency and calculating insurance discounts, wherein an Internet device presents a visual presentation of a continuous drive through a driving environment having driving hazards, an Internet device records locations viewed by a user within the visual presentation, a computer algorithm that compares the recorded user viewing locations with defined locations of hazards within the visual presentation of the continuous drive, to determine a hazard detection proficiency, a computer memory device comprising at least one minimum hazard detection proficiency criteria corresponding to an insurance discount; and a computer analytics device that compares the determined hazard detection proficiency of the user with the minimum hazard detection proficiency criteria and determines whether to award the insurance discount to the user.

Abstract: A driver performance evaluation and apparatus includes means for generating first data stream representing driver actions, a second data stream representing vehicle movements, a filtering function to eliminate short term actions in both data streams, the generation of a raw score which is independent of timing and the adjustment of the raw score based on a comparison of actual driver action timing to an ideal timing sequence to provide a final score which is an indication of driver performance/proficiency.

Abstract: An application for a system for driver training is includes a computer with at least two graphics displays. A first graphics display simulates a windshield of a target vehicle and a second graphics display simulates a dashboard of the target vehicle. The computer generates images that simulate the dashboard of the target vehicle on the second graphics display. A touch screen interface is connected to the second graphics display and is operatively coupled to the computer thereby signaling the computer with positions of which the second graphics display is touched by a trainee. The trainee is prompted to touch an item on the dashboard (second graphic display) and the touch screen interface is read to determine if the trainee touched the appropriate item (e.g. gauge).

Abstract: An approach for determining and scoring driving quality in real-time while supporting various in-vehicle services and leveraging information associated with and related to the driving experience includes collecting, in real-time, a plurality of contextual parameters associated with a user, classifying driving behavior of the user based on the contextual parameters, wherein the driving behavior corresponds to operation of one or more vehicles by the user, and generating a driving profile for the user according to the classification.

Abstract: A driving assistance apparatus is provided with: a storing device for storing each of a plurality of past driving situations of a self-vehicle as a group of a plurality of driving situation factors, for storing, correspondingly to each of the plurality of past driving situations, an action characteristic value and a driving situation occurrence frequency, and for storing, correspondingly to each of the plurality of driving situation factors, a factor influence value and a factor change frequency; an estimating device for estimating a future driving action of the driver on the basis of the plurality of past driving situations, the action characteristic value, the driving situation occurrence frequency, the factor influence value, and the factor change frequency; and a performing device for performing driving assistance in accordance with the estimated driving action.