Abstract: Disclosed are methods, compositions, proteins, nucleic acids, cells, vectors, compounds, reagents, and systems for the preparation of kavalactones, flavokavains, and kavalactone and flavokavain biosynthetic intermediates using enzymes expressed in heterologous host cells, such as microorganisms or plants, or using in vitro enzymatic reactions. This invention also provides for the expression of the enzymes by recombinant cell lines and vectors. Furthermore, the enzymes can be components of constructs such as fusion proteins. The kavalactones produced can be utilized to treat anxiety disorder, insomnia, and other psychological and neurological disorders. The flavokavains produced can be utilized to treat various cancers including colon, bladder, and breast cancers.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, compositions, proteins, nucleic acids, cells, vectors, compounds, reagents, and systems for the preparation of kavalactones, flavokavains, and kavalactone and flavokavain biosynthetic intermediates using enzymes expressed in heterologous host cells, such as microorganisms or plants, or using in vitro enzymatic reactions. This invention also provides for the expression of the enzymes by recombinant cell lines and vectors. Furthermore, the enzymes can be components of constructs such as fusion proteins. The kavalactones produced can be utilized to treat anxiety disorder, insomnia, and other psychological and neurological disorders. The flavokavains produced can be utilized to treat various cancers including colon, bladder, and breast cancers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a poly(arylsulfone), the poly(arylsulfone) having an aryl group grafted with a covalently attached substituent of the Formula (I): The invention also relates to a process for grafting a poly(arylsulfone), in the presence of an enzyme, for the preparation of said grafted poly(arylsulfone). The poly(arylsulfone) according to the invention shows beneficial properties for application in a membrane. The invention therefore further relates to a membrane comprising a poly(arylsulfone) according to the invention, and to the use of a poly(arylsulfone) according to the invention in a separation process. In addition, the invention relates to a polymer blend and a copolymer comprising a grafted poly(arylsulfone) according to the invention, and to a membrane comprising such polymer blend or copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having peroxygenase activity, and polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an adipate ester or thioester. The invention further relates to a method for preparing adipic acid from said ester or thioester. Further the invention provides a number of methods for preparing an intermediate for said ester or thioester. Further the invention relates to a method for preparing 6-amino caproic acid (6-ACA), a method for preparing 5-formyl valeric acid (5-FVA), and a method for preparing caprolactam. Further, the invention relates to a host cell for use in a method according to the invention.

Abstract: This invention has as its object a method for releasing a product by subjecting a compound of Formula (II?): R?7R?8(HX)C1-C2(YH)R?9R?10 to a chemical oxidation that cleaves the bond C1-C2 to obtain the product. In the compound of Formula (II?): R?7 to R?10, which are identical or different, correspond to a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted functional group; X and Y, which are identical or different, are an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an amine of Formula —NR11R12, wherein R11 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R12 is not a hydrogen atom. The invention also has as its object a method for releasing a product that comprises, before the chemical oxidation stage, a first step for preparing the compound of Formula (II?). The released product can be a volatile molecule or an active substance or else a specific product.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having an acetyl-CoA pathway and the capability of utilizing syngas or syngas and methanol. In one embodiment, the invention provides a non-naturally occurring microorganism, comprising one or more exogenous proteins conferring to the microorganism a pathway to convert CO, CO2 and/or H2 to acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), methyl tetrahydrofolate (methyl-THF) or other desired products, wherein the microorganism lacks the ability to convert CO or CO2 and H2 to acetyl-CoA or methyl-THF in the absence of the one or more exogenous proteins. The invention additionally provides a method for producing acetyl-CoA, for example, by culturing an acetyl-CoA producing microbial organism, where the microbial organism expresses at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an acetyl-CoA pathway enzyme or protein in a sufficient amount to produce acetyl-CoA, under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce acetyl-CoA.

Abstract: A thermoset cross-linked elastomer material, such as scrap tire rubber, is devulcanized by subjecting the material to a mechanical mixing process in the presence of 0.5 to 2% by wt. of an organic catalyst having a thiol terminus.

Abstract: The present invention provides is a method for producing 3-mercaptopropionic acid from 3-mercaptopropionamide or a salt thereof with the use of an amidase. The method enables the production of 3-mercaptopropionic acid on an industrial scale through an enzymatic reaction.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for the fermentative production of hydroxymethionine, comprising the steps of: culturing a recombinant microorganism modified to produce methionine in an appropriate culture medium comprising a source of carbon, a source of sulfur and a source of nitrogen, recovering hydroxymethionine from the culture medium. In a specific embodiment, the recombinant microorganism is cultivated under conditions of nitrogen limitation. The invention is also related to the biologically-produced hydroxymethionine and its uses.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ajoene, and of ajoene having a relatively high purity which may be obtained by the process. This invention also relates to processes for the preparation of allicin, and to a process for freeze concentrating allicin.

Abstract: There are provided novel A-87774 compounds or salts thereof having a herbicidal activity or a plant growth regulating activity, a microorganism producing the same, a production method thereof, an agrochemical (in particular, herbicide or plant growth regulator) containing the same as an active ingredient, a method for using the same, and a culture of the microorganism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and PHAs obtained by the said process and the use of the said PHAs. The PHAs of the present invention, called PHACOS, have a novel monomeric composition, as they contain monomers with thioester groups in the side chain that confer new physicochemical properties and allow subsequent chemical modification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to yeast strains and, in particular, to yeast stains for use in fermentation processes. The invention also relates to methods of fermentation using the yeast strains of the invention either alone or in combination with other yeast strains. The invention thither relates to methods for the selection of yeast strains suitable for fermentation cultures by screening for various metabolic products and the use of specific nutrient sources.

Abstract: The present invention relates to non-naturally occurring polypeptides useful for preparing armodafinil, polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, and methods of using the polypeptides. The non-naturally occurring polypeptides of the present invention are effective in carrying out biocatalytic conversion of the (i) 2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)acetamide to (?)-2-[(R)-(diphenyl-methyl)sulfinyl]acetamide (armodafinil), or (ii) benzhydryl-thioacetic acid to (R)-2-(benzhydrylsulfinyl)acetic acid, which is a pivotal intermediate in the synthesis of armodafinil, in enantiomeric excess.

Abstract: The invention relates to a poly(arylsulfone), the poly(arylsulfone) having an aryl group grafted with a covalently attached substituent of the Formula (I): The invention also relates to a process for grafting a poly(arylsulfone), in the presence of an enzyme, for the preparation of said grafted poly(arylsulfone). The poly(arylsulfone) according to the invention shows beneficial properties for application in a membrane. The invention therefore further relates to a membrane comprising a poly(arylsulfone) according to the invention, and to the use of a poly(arylsulfone) according to the invention in a separation process. In addition, the invention relates to a polymer blend and a copolymer comprising a grafted poly(arylsulfone) according to the invention, and to a membrane comprising such polymer blend or copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cosmetic compositions comprising an association of hydroxymethionine and 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, and a cosmetic method for the skin. These compositions are intended to prevent and/or treat the signs of the cutaneous ageing such as the sagging of the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue, the loss of cutaneous elasticity and atony of the texture of the skin, the loss of firmness and tonicity, dermal atrophy and loss of density, wrinkle, little wrinkle, crack.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having an acetyl-CoA pathway and the capability of utilizing syngas or syngas and methanol. In one embodiment, the invention provides a non-naturally occurring microorganism, comprising one or more exogenous proteins conferring to the microorganism a pathway to convert CO, CO2 and/or H2 to acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), methyl tetrahydrofolate (methyl-THF) or other desired products, wherein the microorganism lacks the ability to convert CO or CO2 and H2 to acetyl-CoA or methyl-THF in the absence of the one or more exogenous proteins. For example, the microbial organism can contain at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme or protein in an acetyl-CoA pathway. The microbial organism is capable of utilizing synthesis gases comprising CO, CO2 and/or H2, alone or in combination with methanol, to produce acetyl-CoA.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having an adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam pathway. The microbial organism contains at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme in the respective adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam pathway. The invention additionally provides a method for producing adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam. The method can include culturing an adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam producing microbial organism, where the microbial organism expresses at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam pathway enzyme in a sufficient amount to produce the respective product, under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening compounds having the ability to prevent, suppress or reduce malodor development on body surfaces. In particular, the method allows to efficiently screen for compound having the ability of preventing sweat malodor development caused by volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). The present invention is based on the finding of the direct precursor of naturally VSCs, which is present in human sweat and which will be metabolized by Staphylococci to VSCs.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for producing hydrocarbons using recombinant cells are described herein. Also described herein are recombinant cells, recombinant cell cultures and methods for producing linear alkyl benzenes (LABs) using hydrocarbons produced by such recombinant cell cultures.

Abstract: There is provided is a process for producing a sulfur-containing ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R1 represents hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, or C6-20 aryl, which comprises subjecting a sulfur-containing ketol represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 is the same as defined above, to the action of microbial cells of a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus or Bacillus capable of converting the ketol into a corresponding ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid compound, or a treated material thereof, thereby producing the sulfur-containing ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid without using a hydroxynitrile compound as a starting material.

Abstract: The present invention provides is a method for producing 3-mercaptopropionic acid from 3-mercaptopropionamide or a salt thereof with the use of an amidase. The method enables the production of 3-mercaptopropionic acid on an industrial scale through an enzymatic reaction.

Abstract: A method of producing a low molecular weight organic compound (e.g. a plant or bacteria secondary metabolite) in increased yields involving use of a microorganism cell, which comprises a gene involved in the biosynthesis pathway leading to a low molecular weight organic aglycon compound and a glycosyltransferase gene capable of glycosylating the produced aglycon.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ajoene, and of ajoene having a relatively high purity which may be obtained by the process. This invention also relates to processes for the preparation of allicin, and to a process for freeze concentrating allicin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing 7-methoxy-3-desacetylcefalotin by a hydrolysis process which takes place in water and is catalyzed by an enzyme obtained from Bacillus pumulis possessing acetyl hydrolasic activity.

Abstract: Methods of enzymatically resolving acyloxyalkyl thiocarbonates useful in the synthesis of acyloxyalkyl carbamate prodrugs are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides a non-naturally occurring microbial organism having an adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam pathway. The microbial organism contains at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an enzyme in the respective adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam pathway. The invention additionally provides a method for producing adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam. The method can include culturing an adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam producing microbial organism, where the microbial organism expresses at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding an adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam pathway enzyme in a sufficient amount to produce the respective product, under conditions and for a sufficient period of time to produce adipate, 6-aminocaproic acid or caprolactam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the stereospecific hydroxylation of ?-amino-S-carboxylic acid derivatives or ?-amino-R-sulfonic acid derivatives to form ?-amino-?-hydroxy-S-carboxylic acid- or ?-amino-?-hydroxy-R-sulfonic acid compounds, with the hydroxyl and acid groups being trans-configured and making use of microorganisms exhibiting hydroxylase activity in a production medium to which the S-carboxylic- or R-sulfonic acid derivatives are added and hydroxylated in the microorganism in the presence of oxygen and a cosubstrate using osmotically activated transporting systems of the microorganism and subsequently released actively or passively from the microorganism so as to be obtained from the production medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing polyhydroxytyrosol comprising the step of reacting hydroxytyrosol monomers or derivative thereof in a mixed solution comprising an enzyme, hydrogen peroxide, and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: A method of producing a low molecular weight organic compound (e.g. a plant or bacteria secondary metabolite) in increased yields involving use of a microorganism cell, which comprises a gene involved in the biosynthesis pathway leading to a low molecular weight organic aglycon compound and a glycosyltransferase gene capable of glycosylating the produced aglycon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for acyltransferase reaction in which an acyl group of acyl coenzyme A is transferred to an acyl group receptor characterized in that the reaction is carried out by production and/or reproduction of acyl coenzyme A from coenzyme A in a reaction system by a chemical thioester exchange reaction with acylthioester. The present invention, wherein expensive acyl CoA is reproduced nonenzymatically in a reaction system, enables to continuously carry out acyltransferase reaction only by putting a small amount of acyl CoA with a donor and a receptor of an acyl group into a system. Accordingly, the method of the present invention can be applied to an industrial production method of various kinds of compounds including useful biological molecules and synthesis of polymers such as polyester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an adipate ester or thioester. The invention further relates to a method for preparing adipic acid from said ester or thioester. Further the invention provides a number of methods for preparing an intermediate for said ester or thioester. Further the invention relates to a method for preparing 6-amino caproic acid (6-ACA), a method for preparing 5-formyl valeric acid (5-FVA), and a method for preparing caprolactam. Further, the invention relates to a host cell for use in a method according to the invention.

Abstract: Processes using Allium tissue homogenates and extracts in a simple and cost-effective manner to maximize the yields and recovery of thiosulfinates from Allium tissues and related organisms possessing alliinase, LF synthase and/or S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention describes Elansolids, a new class of novel anti-bacterial compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for stabilizing a protein in a desired conformation by introducing at least one disulfide bond into the polypeptide. Computational design is used to identify positions where cysteine residues can be introduced to form a disulfide bond in only one protein conformation, and therefore lock the protein in a given conformation. Accordingly, antibody and small molecule therapeutics are selected that are specific for the desired conformation. The invention also provides modified integrin I-domain polypeptides that are stabilized in a desired conformation. The invention further provides screening assays and therapeutic methods utilizing the modified integrin I-domains of the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing an enantiomerically and/or diastereomerically enriched ester or thioester having at least two adjacent chiral centres, wherein a mixture of stereoisomers of a secondary alcohol or thiol having a structure comprising a first chiral center forming a secondary alcohol or secondary thiol moiety in the beta position relative to a second chiral center having one hydrogen substituent, is reacted with an acyl donor in the presence of an epimerisation catalyst and a stereoselective acylation catalyst.

Abstract: Enzymatic and chemical processes for the preparation of certain of 3-phenyl-2-arylalkylthiopropionic acid derivatives which have utility in treating clinical conditions including lipid disorders (dyslipidemias) whether or not associated with insulin resistance and other manifestations of the metabolic syndrome are described and also certain novel intermediates used in these processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new class of terpene-derived compounds having an antibiotic activity and of the formulae (I) or (II) in which A is selected from NR1, O, S, CR2R3 or R—(CH2)n—R?, wherein R and R? represent independently NH, O, S or CH2, and in which R1, R2 et R3 are substituents and n is higher than or equal to 1, in particular equal to 2. The invention relates to the compound according to both the formula (I) or the formula (II) taken individually, to mixtures of the two compounds, and to compositions, mainly therapeutic ones, comprising at least one of the compounds or said mixture. According to a particular embodiment, the compound ((I) or (II) taken individually, the mixtures of both compounds and the compositions of the invention are used in the treatment of difficult C-related digestive infections. In one particular embodiment, the compound of the formula (I) is margaucine, a compound produced by a bacterial stem.

Abstract: Process for surface activation and/or devulcanization of sulfur-vulcanized rubber particles. In order to break the sulfur bridges and to reduce the sulfur, the rubber particles are treated in a biotechnological manner in a medium with mesophilic anaerobic and/or optionally anaerobic and/or microaerophilic bacteria and/or with one or more enzyme systems of such bacteria. The thus-treated activated rubber particles show improved vulcanization properties in comparison with non-treated rubber particles, and permit the production of better quality articles.

Abstract: A process for producing a sulfur-containing ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid compound, which comprises a step for reacting a sulfur-containing dihydroxy compound with a cell or a material from treated cell of a microorganism that has an ability to convert the sulfur-containing dihydroxy compound to a corresponding ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid compound.

Abstract: Organic compounds, such as precursors for aryl ethylamines such as ephedrine, aryl propylamines such as fluoxetine and propionic acid derivatives such as ibuprofen, naproxen and fenoprofen, are subjected to a yeast mediated reduction conducted in the absence of a solvent. The yeast is moistened with water and contacted with the organic compound. The yeast may then be contacted with an organic solvent to dissolve the product of the reaction into the solvent, and a solid/liquid separation used to separate the product from the yeast.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotides from Ostreococcus lucimarinus which code for desaturases and elongases and which can be employed for the recombinant production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The invention furthermore relates to vectors, host cells and transgenic nonhuman organisms which comprise the polynucleotides, and to the polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotides. Finally, the invention also relates to production processes for the polyunsaturated fatty acids and for oil, lipid and fatty acid compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for stabilizing a protein in a desired conformation by introducing at least one disulfide bond into the polypeptide. Computational design is used to identify positions where cysteine residues can be introduced to form a disulfide bond in only one protein conformation, and therefore lock the protein in a given conformation. Accordingly, antibody and small molecule therapeutics are selected that are specific for the desired protein conformation. Modified integrin I-domain polypeptides stabilized in a desired conformation are also provided, as well as screening assays and therapeutic methods utilizing the modified integrin I-domain polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the treatment of reactive thiol groups (—SH) found in thiol-containing flavor compounds by a highly selective enzymatic conversion into aroma-active disulides compounds using sulfhydryl oxidase.

Abstract: A method for producing 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid which comprises the following steps (A), (B) and (C): Step (A): step of reacting 1,2-epoxy-3-butene with water to obtain 3-butene-1,2-diol, Step (B): step of reacting 3-butene-1,2-diol with methanethiol to obtain 4-(methylthio)butane-1,2-diol, Step (C): step of oxidizing 4-(methylthio)butane-1,2-diol to obtain 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid.

Abstract: There is provided is a process for producing a sulfur-containing ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R1 represents hydrogen, C1-8 alkyl, or C6-20 aryl, which comprises subjecting a sulfur-containing ketol represented by the formula (1): wherein R1 is the same as defined above, to the action of microbial cells of a microorganism belonging to the genus Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus or Bacillus capable of converting the ketol into a corresponding ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid compound, or a treated material thereof, thereby producing the sulfur-containing ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid without using a hydroxynitrile compound as a starting material.

Abstract: A method for producing 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid which comprises the following steps (A), (B) and (C): Step (A): step of reacting 1,2-epoxy-3-butene with water to obtain 3-butene-1,2-diol, Step (B): step of reacting 3-butene-1,2-diol with methanethiol to obtain 4-(methylthio)butane-1,2-diol, Step (C): step of oxidizing 4-(methylthio)butane-1,2-diol to obtain 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butyric acid.

Abstract: A polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer comprises one kind of unit of —[OCH((CH2)x—SOC6H5R)CH2CO]— (n=1-7)??(1) (wherein R is any one of H, halogen, CN, NO2, COOR?, SO2R? (R? is any one of H, Na, K, CH3 and C2H5; R? is any one of OH, ONa, OK, halogen, OCH3 and OC2H5), CH3, C2H5, C3H7, (CH3)2—CH and (CH3)3—C) and —[OCH((CH2)x—SO2C6H5R)CH2CO]— (n=1-7)??(2) (wherein R is any one of H, halogen, CN, NO2, COO R?, SO2R? (R? is any one of H, Na, K, CH3 and C2H5; R? is any one of OH, ONa, OK, halogen, OCH3 and OC2H5), CH3, C2H5, C3H7, (CH3)2—CH and (CH3)3—C) and at least one unit of chemical formulae (3) to (6): —[OCH((CH2)m—Rz)CH2CO]— (n=1-8) ??(3) (wherein Rz comprises a residue having either a phenyl structure or a thienyl structure), —[OCH((CH2)k—C6H11Ra)CH2CO]— (n=1-8)??(4) (wherein Ra is any one of H, CN, NO2, halogen, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, CF3, C2F5 and C3F7) —[OCH((CH2)n—CH?CH2)CH2CO]— (n=1-8), and??(5) —[OCH((CH2)n—COORb)CH2CO]— (n=1-8)??(6) (wherein Rb is any one of H, Na and K).

Abstract: The invention provides a PHA copolymer including at least a 3-hydroxy-?-carboxyalkanoic acid represented by a formula (19) or (32) and simultaneously at least a unit represented by a formula (2) or a formula (3) in a molecule, a precursor PHA copolymer having a corresponding vinyl group or a corresponding alkoxycarbonyl group, a biosynthesis method thereof by microorganisms, and a method of producing a desired PHA copolymer from the precursor PHA copolymer: (wherein k, m, n are integers; R18 represents H, Na, K, R27? represents (A); R1 represents a substituent on a cyclohexyl group and represents H, CN, NO2, a halogen atom, CH3, C2H5, C3H7, CF3, C2F5, or C3F7; R includes a residue including a phenyl structure or a thienyl structure; these being independent for each unit).