Abstract: The present invention describes a system and method for convenient composting. The system is comprised of a door within a building that opens to the outdoors. Additionally, the system comprises a chute proximal to the door, or affixed to a portion of the door wherein the chute can transport compostable materials to a compost bin. The method disclosed in the present invention comprises the steps of composting including using a door to transport material from indoors to outdoors, placing the material on a chute, wherein the material is transported from an indoor location to a compost bin.

Abstract: A waste material processing system includes a closed container for holding waste material having a first passage in which the waste material flows in a first direction, the first passage having first and second ends, the first end including an inlet for waste material, a second passage in which the waste material flows in a direction opposite the first direction, the second passage having first and second ends, the second end including an outlet. The first passage is separated from the second passage by a divider, the second end of the first passage being adjacent the first end of the second passage, and the first end of the first passage being adjacent the second end of the second passage. A heating device is positioned in the first passage and/or the second passage to heat the waste material with a gas and to induce the waste material to move in a corkscrew-like fashion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Method and system for completion of Ecological cycle of Biomass, applying Nature to Nature (N2N) theory, by biological treatment of any biodegradable waste or organic waste, including biodegradable part of MSW, to produce rich biological fertilizer as end product, methane and many useful byproducts using natural processes and natural/organic materials within a very short time span. Thus, whatever is taken from nature is returned back to the nature in natural time span called as N2N Theory.

Abstract: An Intermodal container, also known as an ISO Ocean Freight Container is suitable for the dual purposes of bio-containment and also Intermodal shipping. Provision is made for the introduction of water, oxygen or other liquids or gasses to be treated into the container, for exit of liquids or gasses generated or converted in the container, and for the monitoring of biological processes occurring within the container, all in a liquid impervious container. Improved air ducts and flow paths are provided, while the effects of shrinkage and channeling are reduced, through a strategically placed and relative percentage of openings through the floor. Further improvements in air distribution are achieved by an elimination or substantial reduction in percentage of opening through the floor in areas immediately adjacent to the container side walls. The flooring incorporates a self-cleaning hole design which increases in diameter with increasing distance from the container contents.

Abstract: A device for implementing anaerobic fermentation having a vertically standing fermentation tank with a fermentation chamber in which organic material can be fermented, a feed device to mix fresh organic material with inoculant and to carry it through to an inlet in the fermentation tank, which is also provided with a cone with an extraction outlet via which fermented material can be discharged and an outlet for biogas, where the device is also provided with two or more return openings via which a fraction of the partly fermented material, located between the inlet and the outlet, is removed from the fermentation tank and is carried up through feed lines between the mixing pump and the inlet that are situated partly and vertically in the fermentation tank.

Abstract: An alternating anaerobic and aerobic digestion system and method of forming same includes a subterranean enclosure configured to hold organic matter. The enclosure has a plurality of conduits in a bottom surface of the enclosure. The digestion system further includes an irrigation system configured to dispense a liquid from a top portion of the enclosure and to recover a percolated liquid from a bottom portion of the enclosure, a ventilation system configured to provide air flow to the bottom portion of the enclosure, and a gas-tight membrane cover configured to cover the enclosure.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method and an apparatus for treating municipal solid waste, and more particularly to a method and an apparatus for treating and recycling municipal solid waste not separately collected, and also for minimizing the amount of final waste to be buried.

Abstract: Systems and methods for automated, rapid composting are disclosed. An air-tight housing prevents odors from leaking out. The housing is thermally insulated to enable the compost to achieve sufficient temperatures for rapid composting. A chambered system, generally including an optional hopper, a reactor, and a cure tray, physically shields odorous material from the external environment. A mixing wand mechanically mixes and/or breaks up the compost material and enhances air flow therethrough. A drip tray segregates liquid byproducts from the solid compost material. An air pump draws in air, while a carbon filter may absorb odors before returning the air to the external environment. A motor provides mixing, and facilitates opening and closing of the two trap doors separating the chambers. An electronic controller automates the composting process while allowing certain settings to be adjusted.

Abstract: An aerated compost and waste collection bin is disclosed. The bin includes a body portion having a bottom, at least one sidewall from the bottom, and an open top forming a container. A perforated tube extends upwards from the bottom of the body portion. At least one lateral vent tube is connected to the perforated tube and the sidewall of the body portion. The lateral vent tube allows air to circulate from outside the body portion of the bin through to the perforated tube.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to systems and methods for digestion of solid waste that simplify solids handling. In certain embodiments, anaerobic methane extraction takes place for a period of time (e.g., from 1 to 4 weeks), after which an aerobic composting process begins in the same chamber. The organic waste remains in place and oxygen (e.g., in air) is forced into the chamber for an additional period of time (e.g., from 2 to 4 weeks). At the conclusion of the aerobic phase, the process yields a rough compost product that is stable and pathogen free. The rough compost can be further processed and blended to create high value engineered soils.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system that has been devised to overcome the two most important limitations for sustained biological hydrogen production, namely contamination of the microbial hydrogen-producing cultures with methane-producing cultures necessitating frequent re-start-up and/or other methanogenic bacteria inactivation techniques, and the low bacterial yield of hydrogen-producers culminating in microbial washout from the system and failure. The system includes a continuously stirred bioreactor (CSTR) for biological hydrogen production, followed by a gravity settler positioned downstream of the CSTR, which combination forms a biohydrogenator. The biomass concentration in the hydrogen reactor is kept at the desired range through biomass recirculation from the bottom of the gravity settler and/or biomass wastage from the gravity settler's underflow.

Abstract: A biomass hydrothermal decomposition system includes a hydrothermal decomposition unit 17 that transports the fed biomass material from a lower side to an upper side in an apparatus body 13 by screw means 14, feeds pressurized hot water 15 from an upper side different from a feed position of the biomass material 11 into the apparatus body 13, which is pressurized hot water to be discharged, so as to separate a lignin component and a hemicellulose component from the biomass material; a biomass solid discharging unit 18 that discharges a biomass solid 20 from the upper side of the apparatus body 13; and a slurrying vessel 21 communicating with the biomass solid discharging unit 18, into which water 19 is injected and the discharged biomass solid 20 is added to obtain a slurried biomass solid are provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of organic matter with worms, includes a receptacle with a side wall at least a portion of which is downwardly tapering to facilitate compression of organic matter as organic matter is processed, an upper entry aperture for loading the receptacle with the organic matter and worms, a lower discharge aperture for discharging compressed material including castings and organic matter, and a base lid adapted to releasably close the discharge aperture and to permit removal of the compressed material from the receptacle.

Abstract: A sensor wand is disclosed for use in a composting apparatus. The sensor wand includes an elongated body having two opposed ends and a central axis, multiple gas inlets positioned along the body for collecting gas samples, and multiple temperature sensors positioned along the body for measuring temperatures. One of the ends of the body is positioned on one side of the central axis, and the other end is positioned on an opposite side of the central axis. A described composting apparatus includes the sensor wand.

Abstract: A bioreactor and bioreactor system are suitable for the growth of materials from algae. More specifically, the system preferred embodiments use concentrated sunlight in a solo- or co-generation system to produce algae and products therefrom as well as solar thermal energy.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to waste disposal methods and systems. In one embodiment of the present invention, a waste disposal system is positioned under a sink in a building connected to a septic system for disposal of food waste and wastewater. The waste disposal system includes a grinding chamber, a centrifugal-pump chamber, and a straining chamber for separating food waste from wastewater. The straining chamber includes a filtration basket, and an outlet pipe.

Abstract: A renewable energy microgeneration system is disclosed.

Abstract: Offloading apparatus (30) for a composting cage comprising an enclosure (10), which maybe divided into a plurality of compartments, for receipt of material to be composted is mounted below the enclosure (10) and is capable of travelling there below in order to extract compost from the base of the enclosure. The offloading apparatus (30) comprises an elongate cutter (40) in the form of a motor driven endless chain on which cutting teeth (42) are mounted, and respective winch assemblies (50) mounted adjacent each side of the enclosure (10). Each winch assembly (50) comprises a motor driven winch (54), a pulley (56) mounted to an adjustable tensioning assembly (58) at a spacing from the winch (54), and a winch cable (51) extending from the winch (54) around the pulley (56) and back again to the winch (54).

Abstract: Multiple Tray Vermicomposter with Thermal Siphon Airflow is a vermiculture composting device that uses earthworms to create compost where worms eat and digest food to excrete compost. It is a multiple tray system with a base and a lid. New compost trays with freshly loaded food and bedding are stacked on top of older trays containing worms and compost to instigate a continuous upward migration of the worms thereby creating continuous compost production. Compost trays have permeable bottoms to allow worms to pass through. Compost production is accelerated from thermal siphon airflow to provide ample airflow to the worms without the requirement of a power source. Light-tight air-permeable connections between trays, lid, and base, also accelerate compost production by keeping the worms completely dark. If worms fall through the bottom compost tray, there exists a ramp to enable the fallen worms to climb back into the bottom compost tray.

Abstract: A composting apparatus is disclosed which comprises a container (10) formed from a plurality of segments (12a, 12b and 12c). An aerator (20, 521) is located in the container for receiving air from the exterior of the container and distributing the air into the composting mass within the container. The apparatus has a base (501) which includes a leachate chamber (454) for collecting liquid that strains from the composting mass during composting. An anti-compaction member (99, 527) is provided for preventing compost from compacting and blocking the aerator (20, 521), and a plug (570) provides addition or alternative air supply to the container (10).

Abstract: A solid waste treatment apparatus and/or comprises a tank comprising an interior volume and an outlet and a liner comprising a floor and a plurality of upstanding exterior walls and at least one upstanding interior wall forming a first chamber and a second chamber in the liner. Each one of the exterior walls comprises a permeable surface. The at least one interior wall comprises an impermeable surface. The apparatus includes a multi-panel sieve disposed in the second chamber. A tank includes a removable lid comprising a window in fluid communication with the first chamber and the second chamber. A separator housing may be disposed on the lid and coextensive to the window, the housing comprising a planar sieve disposed at an angle in the housing and an inlet in fluid communication with the planar sieve.

Abstract: The device and method invented provides a unique means to extract and multiply, by the millions, beneficial aerobic microbes found in compost and vermicompost to be applied to soil and plants in liquid form. Compared to many compost tea making devices being sold, the invented device is truly simple and can be dismantled and cleaned in under twenty minutes. Most of the parts are not glued and can be pulled apart. The device and method uses air pumps alone to actually circulate the water and can be used with or without a mesh extractor. This is achieved by the insertion of an air diffuser into the piping used, which infuses the water with oxygen while circulating the water, into either, an extractor containing compost or a body of water containing compost. Concurrently additional diffusers infuse the body of water with oxygen.

Abstract: This invention relates to systems, apparatus and methods of operating a wet combustion engine and apparatus therefore, capable of biologically burning fuels within a wet combustion chamber within a bioproactor system, including but not limited to, organic carbon containing materials especially biological, hazardous or toxic waste contaminants, in an environmentally sensitive manner. An integrated computer control system that, proactively and pre-emptively, uses feedback from bio-sensors, to monitor, record and control applicable components of the bio-system, to optimize, replenish, and sustain exponential growth of selected life-forms, including but not limited to microbes such as bacteria. In the intake cycle, a suitably prepared fuel mixture is metered into the wet combustion diffusion separation membrane chamber located within the life-support chamber of the bioproactor. In the combustion cycle, diffusion and combustion rates are monitored and timed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ecotechnical installation for producing cultivation substrates, soil amendments, and organic fertilizers having properties of anthropogenic terra preta soil as well as a method for producing cultivation substrates, soil amendments, or organic fertilizers having properties of anthropogenic terra preta soil. The invention further relates to the use of said method or installation for utilizing unpolluted organic biomasses, biowaste, dirty water and sewage, mineral substances for generating current and/or heat and/or producing cultivation substrates having properties of anthropogenic terra preta soil. The invention finally relates to a circulation installation allowing a sustainable material flow management in order to utilize unpolluted organic biomasses, biowaste, mineral substances, etc. for generating current and heat and producing industrial water and cultivation substrates, soil amendments, or organic fertilizers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the treatment of organic liquid and solid waste, comprising a first stage of treatment of the liquid content fraction of the waste by methanization, a second stage of treatment in a thermophilic or mesophilic aerobic phase of the semi-solid content fraction of the waste and a third stage in which said treated liquid and solid content portions are mixed in order to form a substrate, which is further treated by mesophilic or thermophilic aerobic phase treatment, resulting into compost.

Abstract: An in-situ dry anaerobic composter containing 40% to 75% by weight solids and located in a section of ground including a pit having side walls and a bottom, an essentially impervious liner located in the pit such that the liner abuts the pit side walls and bottom to form a lined pit, a compostable material located in the lined pit and a gas management system for extracting a gaseous anaerobic decomposition product from the compostable material as well as methods for operating the anaerobic composter.

Abstract: A cylindrical composting drum which is 6?, 8?, or 10? in diameter, extends between 40? and 140? in length. The drum is rotated and internal helical blades move the material from inlet end to a screen separator at an outlet end. Partially arcuate solar reflectors underlie the drums and reflect solar energy onto the outer surface of the drums which have been blackened to enhance energy absorption. The use of the available solar energy accelerates the composting process. A microprocessor controls the addition of moisture and the timing and rate of rotation of the drums.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cell culture vessel which is simple in structure and easy to handle, and is capable of preventing damage to the cells when separated, promoting transport of nutrients and excretion of effete matter, and elevating the culturing efficiency improving effect by the structural features. In order to attain the above object, there is provided a cell culture vessel including a culture section provided with a plurality of projections having an equivalent diameter smaller than the cells to be cultured and the culture section side walls enclosing the culture section, wherein the distance between an arbitrary position on the culture section/side wall boundary line and the nearest projection is smaller than the diameter of the cells to be cultured. The effect of the projections in the vessel given to the cultured cells is enhanced.

Abstract: A waste converter (10) for domestic use includes two waste conversion regions. Household waste is placed in a primary waste conversion region (40) which includes flies and maggots. When waste has sufficiently decomposed it falls through to a secondary waste conversion region which includes composting worms and woodlice.

Abstract: A mobile, modular multi-chamber composting system for the composting of organic material includes a composting unit having a pair of adjacent composting chambers enclosed by sidewalls, a roof, and closure panels, with the chambers delimited by a separation panel, and the first chamber having a uni-directional tilting floor and the second chamber having a bi-directional tilting floor so that organic material can be placed in the first chamber and transferred to the second chamber to facilitate decomposition of the material. Hydraulic mechanisms are interconnected to each floor to facilitate the tilting of the floor and the transference of the material, and the second chamber can transfer the material back to the first chamber or expel the material from the unit or transfer the material to another adjoined composting unit.

Abstract: A composting system including a vertically-orientated vessel with mechanisms attached to a vertically oriented central mounted rotating shaft, including rotatable size reduction blade(s), agitation mechanism(s), and discharge blade/mechanism(s). The composting system includes internal size reduction mechanism for reducing the size of material introduced to the vessel. The composting system includes a loading hatch, a discharge hatch, and a source of air to maintain aerobic conditions within the vessel. In use, material introduced moves from the upper region of the vessel gravitationally and via agitation through a zone of size reduction to the lower region of the vessel. Process conditions within the vessel are controlled by an operator and via electronic control mechanism, which can monitor operating conditions such as temperature and loading rate (for example), to manage air injection, mechanical agitation and size reduction such that composting proceeds efficiently and at an optimal rate.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention is useful for recycling protein waste and producing fuel from protein waste. Waste is ground by a grinding means and digested by a enzyme digest medium composed of enzymes, preservatives, and inedible egg. The ground proteins are digested with the enzyme in recirculated digest tanks. Fat can be collected from the tank by addition of acid and separation of fat from water with a centrifuge. Alternatively the ground protein and enzyme can be fermented and gas collected from the digest tank in a pressure tank with a compressor. The protein solubles are emulsified, separated from water, and extruded before drying. Either fat or gas can be used to fuel a dryer. The dried proteins are then milled in a hammer mill and screened for uniform size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a disintegrating system for treatment of organic material comprising: multiple disintegrating units (31, 32; 41, 42; 51, 52, 53) each having an inlet (33, 34; 43, 44; 55, 56, 57) for receiving material A, B, C, and an outlet (37, 38; 47, 48; 61, 62, 63) for outputting treated material. A first inlet (33; 43; 55) of a first disintegrating unit (31; 41; 51) is configured to receive organic material A, and a first feedback pipe (35; 45; 58, 59) is connected between the outlet (37; 47; 61) of the first disintegrating unit and the inlet (34; 44; 56) of a second disintegrating unit. An outflow (39; 49; 64) of the disintegrating system (30; 40; 50) is connected to the outlet (37; 47; 61) of at least the first disintegrating unit (31; 41; 51), wherein the sum of the introduced material A, B, C is available at the outflow (39; 49; 64).

Abstract: A vertical manure converter and related process of using activated carbon in an activated carbon/organic material mixture to process organic waste. Inducing air, preferably compressed, into a chamber of the converter in combination with reusing activated carbon can result in a continuous process. The temperature can be controlled by regulating the air into the chamber. The vertical manure converter takes organic waste and uses heat to accelerate the composting process wherein final products can be purified water and ash fertilizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an installation for composting organic material (1). The inventive installation comprises an assembly of cells (10) in which the organic material (1) is stored for fermentation purposes and a ventilation device (20) which blows or draws air through the organic material (1) that is stored in the aforementioned cells (10), each cell (10) comprising a base slab (11) and partition walls (12). The above-mentioned ventilation device (20) comprises at least one ventilator fan (21), which is equipped with a suction opening (211) and a discharge port (212), and a ventilation duct (22) which connects the suction opening (211) or the discharge port (212) to one or more cells (10). According to the invention, the installation comprises an apron (40) forming the base slabs (11) of the different cells (10), said apron comprising means (41) and reserves (42) which are used to install the partition walls (12) of the cells (10) at different pre-determined positions.

Abstract: System for processing organic was including several separate elements, in which organic waste is embedded at one end of the system, and mature compost is removed from the other end. The separate elements include at the least one grinding mill, one dehumidifier and one compost machine. The system also includes means for adding water before the dehumidifier, and means for ensuring that the liquid leaving the dehumidifier has a temperature above about 25° C., and preferably above 30° C. The invention also relates to a method for producing fertilizer, in which organic waste is ground and supplied with water, the fat- and liquid fractions are separated at a temperature above 25° C., and preferably above 30° C., and the solid mass is dehumidified and composted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biogas plant and to a process for the production of biogas from ligneous renewable resources, in particular straw. Means are provided for pre-treating the ligneous renewable resource in order to bring about chemical, thermal and/or mechanical digestion of said resource before it is introduced into a fermenter in which anaerobic bacterial fermentation takes place.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the generation of compost are provided. In one embodiment, the system for generating compost comprises a positively aerated floor, a semi gas and liquid impermeable compost cover sized to cover a compost biomass pile placed on the positively aerated floor, and a suction system positioned under or substantially close to the compost cover and generally near a top of the compost biomass pile, wherein the floor comprises a plurality of channels connected to at least one gas flow pipe installed below or above grade, wherein gas drawn by suction system at the top of the biomass compost pile maintains a negative pressure across the compost cover, thereby generating suction between the compost cover and the top of the compost biomass pile, and wherein the compost cover directs substantially all of the gas flow towards the suction system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for dry fermentation and equipment for carrying out the same. The invention equipment comprises a fermentation tank for dry fermentation which includes a tank body 5 for accommodating materials, a flexible sealing membrane 7 for covering said tank body 5, and a tight fixing means 3 for hermetically covering the tank body 5 with the flexible sealing membrane 7. This invention is characterized in that said tank body 5 is provided with a top opening 2 at its top part and at least one side opening 4 for loading and unloading materials at its side portions.

Abstract: Food wastes streams may be managed efficiently by co-locating a waste-processing facility including a pulper and an anaerobic bioreactor with a food distribution facility.

Abstract: A waste treatment apparatus decomposes waste by the microorganisms to perform annihilation treatment. The waste treatment apparatus includes a treatment tank which accommodates the microorganisms together with the waste, and an agitation device arranged to agitate the microorganisms together with the waste. The agitation device includes a plurality of agitating tools arranged at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of a rotation shaft. The agitating tools have paddle arms, respectively, which are disposed so as to be opposed to each other in a diameter direction of the rotation shaft, and blades, respectively, which are disposed at predetermined distances apart from an inner wall of the treatment tank and are inclined with respect to the axis of the paddle arms. The blade on one side is inclined forward in a direction in which the front side thereof with respect to the rotation direction of the paddle arm approaches the rotation shaft.

Abstract: A system and method for converting heat energy released by compostable matter into electricity through the use of a compost updraft tower. A compost updraft tower comprises a collector region that contains compostable matter, one or more towers that rise up through the collector region, and one or more turbines. The air within the collector region is heated by the energy released during the composting process, and the heated air flows through the collector region toward the open first end of one or more of the towers. The heated air then rises up through one or more of the towers to the open second end of the tower. The heated air flowing through the system drives turbines that generate electricity. In one embodiment the roof of the collector region is transparent to allow solar radiation to penetrate the collector region and heat air within.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of producing compost tea comprising a hopper, a separator having an intake and a discharge, the hopper communicating compost to the intake, a u-shaped screen, an auger rotably mounted thereon for conveying compost through the separator, and a plurality of spray nozzles directing spray onto the auger and compost, whereby water flows from the nozzles onto the compost separating nutrients and microorganisms from the compost producing compost tea, the compost tea passes through the screen into a catch basin, and the auger conveys the compost through the separator toward the discharge.

Abstract: A biomass hydrothermal decomposition apparatus includes, a biomass feeder (31) that feeds biomass material (11) under normal pressure to under increased pressure, a hydrothermal decomposition device (42A) that allows the fed biomass material (11) to be gradually moved inside a device main body (42A) from either end thereof in a consolidated condition, and also allows hot compressed water (15) to be fed from an other end of a feed section for the biomass material into the main body (42A), so as to cause the biomass material (11) and the hot compressed water (15) to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, and that elutes a lignin component and a hemicellulose component into the hot compressed water, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from the biomass material (11); and a biomass discharger (51) that discharges, from the side where the hot compressed water is fed into the device main body, a biomass solid residue (17) under increased pr

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus and a process for treating biomass bearing material including municipal solid waste (MSW). The apparatus includes a reaction vessel held at an angle and configured for rotation and steam injection, with helically arranged internal flights, a self-aligning door closure, and a swing-away door assembly. It also includes a novel structure for shredding biomass bearing material attached to the edges of the flights. This structure is a number of projecting tooth like points and paddles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recovering energy from the organic fraction of urban solid waste comprising the following steps: a) the organic fraction is pre treated with mineral acids, preferably sulfuric acid, during which the fraction is heated by an outer thermal jacket with no steam injection or steam explosion, thereby producing a first slurry containing an insoluble solid susceptible to enzymatic attack by cellulases; b) a step comprising enzymatic hydrolysis using cellulases and simultaneous fermentation, using an ethanologenic microorganism, of the first slurry in order to obtain a second slurry containing diluted ethanol; and c) distillation of the second slurry such as to obtain wet ethanol, a recyclable liquid effluent and a solid.

Abstract: An aerobic waste treatment system, such as a composting system, comprising a movable push wall (20). The movable push wall (20) is preferably part of a container (10). In use of the aerobic waste treatment system, waste is heaped against the movable push wall (20) to build a waste heap (60). The waste is coverable with a removable flexible enclosure. The removable flexible enclosure is preferably a liquid-tight but gas-permeable cover (70). A deployment apparatus (30) for covering or uncovering the waste heap (60) with the removable flexible enclosure can facilitate the handling of the removable flexible enclosure.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the invention provides staged processes, or systems, for composting organic materials, such as waste plant and animal matter. In one aspect, the invention involves the staged passage of organic material through alternative composting ecologies, to optimize the diversity of decay organisms that may work on the organic materials. In some embodiments, a robust, well mixed thermophilic environment is created for primary stage aerobic composting. The primary compost produced by this stage may be transferred to an alternative stratified composting ecology, in which the secondary compost descends over time from a relatively stable layer of residual thermophilic aerobic composting to underlying layers that involve non-thermophilic aerobic degradation of the organic material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel method for purifying air and gasses, consisting of an optimized air ventilation slab, with its air ventilation pipes, air ventilation pipettes and air diffusion plugs; optionally a complementary cellular material enabling the material to be supported providing biofiltration, purification or treatment of air, and optionally a device for diffusing liquids and/or bacteria and/or enzymes, allowing the biofilter to act as the equivalent of a gas scrubbing tower.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a cell culture vessel which is simple in structure and easy to handle, and is capable of preventing damage to the cells when separated, promoting transport of nutrients and excretion of effete matter, and elevating the culturing efficiency improving effect by the structural features. In order to attain the above object, there is provided a cell culture vessel including a culture section provided with a plurality of projections having an equivalent diameter smaller than the cells to be cultured and the culture section side walls enclosing the culture section, wherein the distance between an arbitrary position on the culture section/side wall boundary line and the nearest projection is smaller than the diameter of the cells to be cultured. The effect of the projections in the vessel given to the cultured cells is enhanced.