Abstract: The invention discloses highly purified daptomycin and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising this compound. The invention discloses a method of purifying daptomycin comprising the sequential steps of anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and anion exchange chromatography. The invention also discloses a method of purifying daptomycin by modified buffer enhanced anion exchange chromatography. The invention also discloses an improved method for producing daptomycin by fermentation of Streptomyces roseosporus. The invention also discloses high pressure liquid chromatography methods for analysis of daptomycin purity. The invention also discloses lipopeptide micelles and methods of making the micelles. The invention also discloses methods of using lipopeptide micelles for purifying lipopeptide antibiotics, such as daptomycin. The invention also discloses using lipopeptide micelles therapeutically.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gene construct which is capable of achieving efficient production of an antimicrobial peptide in a microorganism, and a method for efficient mass production and separation of an antimicrobial peptide using the same. The gene construct of the present invention has a translationally coupled configuration of two independent and separate cistrons which encode an acidic peptide and a basic antimicrobial peptide, each having an opposite charge, under the control of a single promoter. The translationally coupled acidic peptide and basic antimicrobial peptide undergo charge-charge interaction simultaneously with expression thereof to neutralize the potential cytotoxicity of the antimicrobial peptide, resulting in prevention of antimicrobial peptide-mediated killing of host microorganisms. In addition, a conjugate of the acidic peptide and the antimicrobial peptide can be separated without chemical or enzymatic treatment.

Abstract: A novel subtype of type A botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/A) is disclosed in the application. Methods to purify the neurotoxin as well as uses thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: Several bacterial species were isolated from marine segment obtained from seabed sediment at depths exceeding 1700 feet. At least four of the bacteria produced a compound that showed antibacterial activity against one or more multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from hospitals and clinics. One isolate, SJCH-12, exhibited a broad range of activity against MDR strains tested, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Abstract: A new Streptomyces beta-vulgaris strain that is deposited at the CNCM under number I-3639, and the use of this strain or a mutant strain for obtaining a composition (culture filtrate) and active compounds (secondary metabolites) by fermentation. Also, the use of the new strain, a mutant strain, the culture filtrate, or active compounds for the protection of plants and the biological struggle against phytopathogenic agents and/or for stimulating the growth of plants.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing cercosporamide comprising culturing a fungus belonging to the genus Lachnum and/or fungus belonging to the genus Pseudaegerita and recovering cercosporamide from the culture thereof. In addition, the present invention provides cercosporamide acquired according to this production process. Further, the present invention provides novel microorganisms consisting of Lachnum fuscescens SANK 19096, Lachnum calycioides SANK 12497, Lachnum caesaliatum SANK 10906, and Pseudaegerita websteri SANK 11006.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for producing a polymyxin from an isolated Paenibacillus amylolyticus, and methods for using the polymyxin, including methods for producing a recombinant polypeptide.

Abstract: A Corynebacterium diphtheriae culture medium for the production of diphtheria toxin and methods for producing the toxin are provided. The medium is substantially free of animal-derived products and comprises water, a carbohydrate source, a nitrogen source and a number of free amino acids in an initial concentration wherein the initial concentration of each free amino acid is not limiting for the production of the toxin.

Abstract: Provided are a method of producing Clostridium botulinum toxin by using a media containing plant-derived components, and a method of producing Clostridium botulinum toxin by using a flexible closed container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the fermentational production of biologically active materials, wherein a fermenter is located in an insulator which, in turn, is located within a working chamber or is adjacent to it. A pressure gradient in relation to ambient pressure prevails in both the insulator and in the working chamber.

Abstract: Rapid, animal protein free, chromatographic processes and systems for obtaining high potency, high yield botulinum neurotoxin for research, therapeutic and cosmetic use.

Abstract: A process for the production of a valuable compound, comprising the steps of a) fermentation of a filamentous bacterial or fungal strain (e.g. a Streptomyces strain or an Aspergillus strain) in a fermentation medium wherein a carbohydrate during fermentation is added in a cyclic pulse dosing/pause way, wherein the pulse dosing time is shorter than the pause time and b) recovery of the valuable compound from the fermentation broth.

Abstract: The invention provides humanized antibodies that specifically bind to, and preferably, neutralize, verotoxin II (VT2). The antibodies are useful for treating patients suffering from, or at risk of suffering, toxic effects of verotoxin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a preparation of botulinum toxin light chain type A or E, wherein the preparation is both catalytically active and soluble. Preferably, the preparation consists essentially of amino acid residues 1 through 425 of the botulinum toxin light chain type A. A method of screening inhibitors is also provided, wherein the method comprises exposing a test inhibitor to the preparation of botulinum toxin light chain type A and evaluating the biological activity of the preparation. In another embodiment, a method of providing a catalytically active, soluble preparation of botulinum toxin light chain, type A is provided, wherein the method comprises obtaining an expression vector comprising a DNA sequence encoding amino acid residues 1-425 and expressing a polypeptide.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the enhanced production of bacterial toxins in large-scale cultures. Specifically, methods and compositions for reducing bacterial toxin expression inhibitors are providing including, but not limited to, addition of toxin expression inhibitor binding compounds, culture media having reduced concentrations of toxin inhibitor metabolic precursors and genetically modified toxogenic bacteria lacking enzymes required to metabolize the toxin inhibitor metabolic precursors.

Abstract: A method of producing botulinum toxin C-terminal receptor binding domain (HCR) is disclosed. The one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of (a) preparing E. coli transformed with an expression vector comprising DNA encoding HCR protein, (b) inducing expression of the HCR protein at a reduced temperature in a culture media, and (c) purifying the HCR protein via extraction, wherein the extraction comprises a clarification by centrifugation and a filtration, wherein the purified HCR protein is at least 10 mg/L of culture medium.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for conferring pesticidal activity to bacteria, plants, plant cells, tissues and seeds are provided. Compositions comprising a coding sequence for a delta-endotoxin polypeptide are provided. The coding sequences can be used in DNA constructs or expression cassettes for transformation and expression in plants and bacteria. Compositions also comprise transformed bacteria, plants, plant cells, tissues, and seeds. In particular, isolated delta-endotoxin nucleic acid molecules are provided. Additionally, amino acid sequences corresponding to the polynucleotides are encompassed. In particular, the present invention provides for isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 15, 17, or 19, or the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 14, 16, or 18, as well as variants and fragments thereof.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for conferring pesticidal activity to bacteria, plants, plant cells, tissues and seeds are provided. Compositions comprising a coding sequence for a delta-endotoxin polypeptide are provided. The coding sequences can be used in DNA constructs or expression cassettes for transformation and expression in plants and bacteria. Compositions also comprise transformed bacteria, plants, plant cells, tissues, and seeds. In particular, isolated delta-endotoxin nucleic acid molecules are provided. Additionally, amino acid sequences corresponding to the polynucleotides are encompassed. In particular, the present invention provides for isolated nucleic acid molecules comprising nucleotide sequences encoding the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:2, 4, 15, 17, or 19, or the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, 3, 14, 16, or 18, as well as variants and fragments thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the cloning, sequencing and analysing of a gene cluster encoding a modular polyketide synthase enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the antitumor compound pederin. This novel cluster represents the first example of genes from an unculturable symbiont encoding the biosynthesis of a drug candidate.

Abstract: This invention pertains in part to the development of a vaccine for poultry against necrotic enteritis (NE). The vaccine utilizes a protective antigen that is a mutated, full-length, non-toxic Clostridium perfringens (Cp) ?-toxin protein (Mcpa). Utility of this vaccine was demonstrated by reduction of lesion severity in NE challenge trails, for example. Also disclosed herein are novel approaches for producing this vaccine in significant quantities. One exemplified approach involves producing NE vaccine (mutated alpha toxin) in bacterial expression systems, preferably utilizing the Pseudomonas fluorescens system, for commercial use in controlling NE in the poultry industry. The subject vaccines can be administered preferably to chickens in several different ways. A novel, Type VI alpha toxin from chicken isolates of Cp is also disclosed.

Abstract: An isolated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ba-BPD1 having an Accession No. of DSM 21836 is provided. This novel strain has unique 16S ribosomal RNA sequenced as SEQ ID NO:1 and produces amylase, protease, cellulase and lipase, fibrinolytic enzyme to show their biodegradation capacities. Further, B. amyloliquefaciens Ba-BPD1 produces the antibiotic substances, such as iturin, fengycin and surfactin, and has antimicrobial capacity for inhibiting the fungal or bacterial growth. In conclusion, the novel strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Ba-BPD1 and its products can be applied in agriculture, wastewater treatment, food industry and chemical industry.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel antibiotic compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and derivatives thereof, and to methods for obtaining such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a strain of Lactobacillus curvatusbacteria deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen and Zellkulturen GmBH (DSMZ) under the accession number DSM 18775, as well as to compositions, cultures and food products comprising thereof. The strain of the invention is useful for preserving food products, especially under refrigerated conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed is an isolated nucleotide sequence encoding an enzyme catalyzing biosynthesis of SAM (SAM-s) and its amino acid sequence. Also, the present invention provides a method for mass production of a useful secondary metabolite including antibiotics using the isolated nucleotide sequence and SAM, where SAM acts as a methyl group donor.

Abstract: Novel peptides produced by bacteriocin-producing bacteria stimulate the production of bacteriocins in vitro. The producer bacteria are cultured in the presence of a novel inducer bacteria and a peptide having a carboxy terminal sequence of VKGLT in order to achieve an increase in bacteriocin production.

Abstract: Animal product free (APF) media and processes for the culture and fermentation of botulinum toxin producing Clostridium botulinum bacteria. The botulinum toxin obtained can be used for formulating and compounding botulinum toxin pharmaceutical compositions. The APF media can contain significantly reduced levels of meat or dairy by-products and use non-animal based products instead of the animal-derived products. Preferably, the APF media used are substantially free or free of animal derived products.

Abstract: Diseases associated with the tissues in the posterior segment of the eye can be effectively treated by administering therapeutic agents transsclerally to those tissues. Compositions, devices, and methods for delivering therapeutic agents so that they cross the sclera and reach these tissues include injecting solutions or suspensions adjacent to or within the sclera and implanting solid structures containing the therapeutic agent adjacent to or within the sclera. These methods may be used for administering rapamycin or related compounds to treat choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to bacteriophage lysins useful for the reduction of certain bacterial populations, including methods and compositions for the treatment of various bacterial infections. For example, bacteriophage lysins were isolated and shown to effectively kill various bacteria, including both E. faecalis and E. faecium (including vancomycin resistant strains), as well as other human pathogens.

Abstract: The invention provides new substantially pure antibiotics designated AC-98-1, AC-98-2, AC-98-3, AC-98-4 and AC-98-5 derived from the microorganism Streptomyces hygroscopicus.

Abstract: The invention is related to the process of fermentation with production strain Bacillus polymyxa for industrial production of antibiotic polymyxine B with yield from 1.8 to 2.8 g/l of filtrate of fermentation broth at temperature 28° C., pressure 40-70 kPa, aeration from 0.4 to 1 vvm, concentration of dissolved oxygen minimal 60%, maintenance of pH and optimal concentration of glucose and ammonia ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions (i.e., various organic small molecules as exemplified herein) and methods for the inhibition of protein splicing and especially relates to the inhibition of protein autosplicing of intein-containing proteins. Additionally, the present invention relates to the use of the inhibitors of protein splicing of the invention for the treatment of various diseases including but not limited to tuberculosis. Furthermore, the invention provides the first instance of small molecule inhibitors of protein splicing with drug-like characteristics.

Abstract: Chromatographic processes and systems for purifying a botulinum toxin from an APF fermentation medium.

Abstract: In vitro delivery of the diphtheria toxin (DT) catalytic (C) domain from the lumen of purified early endosomes to the external milieu requires the addition of both ATP and a cytosolic translocation factor (CTF) complex. The results presented here demonstrate that ?-COP plays an essential role in the cytosolic release of the C-domain and is mediated by a consensus peptide sequence found on several bacterial toxins and in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. The invention features methods for inhibiting cell death that include the administration of compounds based on this consensus sequence that inhibit the translocation of the catalytic domain of toxins or transcription factors. Also featured are methods for identifying compounds that inhibit cell death, and methods for identifying compounds that promote cell death by blocking or accelerating, respectively, the rate of toxin/factor endosomal translocation.

Abstract: The present invention provides isolated lantibiotics that inhibit Gram negative and Gram positive microbes. The lantibiotic includes an amino acid sequence, wherein the amino acid sequence of the compound and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21 or SEQ ID NO:22 have at least 80% identity. The lantibiotics have the characteristic of inhibiting growth of a Gram negative microbe in conditions that do not damage the outer membrane of the Gram negative microbe. The present invention also provides methods for making and using the lantibiotics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing isotopically labelled secondary metabolic products of fungi or bacteria in a liquid synthetic culture medium. According to said method, the synthesis is carried out by immobilizing the fungi or bacteria on an inert carrier, adding a liquid synthetic culture medium in which essentially all of the carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms and/or sulphur atoms are replaced by stable isotopes.

Abstract: The present invention demonstrates an example of the de novo total biosynthesis of biologically active forms of heterologous NRPs in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The system can serve not only as an effective and flexible platform for large-scale preparation of natural products from simple carbon and nitrogen sources, but also as a general tool for detailed characterizations and rapid engineering of biosynthetic pathways for microbial syntheses of novel compounds and their analogs.

Abstract: The invention relates to an immunogenic composition, characterized in that it comprises an adenyl cyclase-hemolysin (AC-Hly) protein, or an immunogenic portion of this AC-Hly, of a strain of Bordetella chosen from B. pertussis, B. parapertussis or B. bronchiseptica, and in that it comprises, in addition, a bacterial extract containing the expression products of the vrg genes of a strain of Bordetella chosen from B. pertussis, B. parapertussis or B. bronchiseptica, or a portion of these expression products which is sufficient to induce an immune response in a host to which the extract might be administered.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of bacteriocin producing microorganisms. The invention more specifically relates to the characterization of a novel food grade bacteriocin, namely a lantibiotic, named macedocin and produced by Streptococcus macedonicus ACA-DC 198. Macedocin inhibit a broad spectrum of lactic acid bacteria as well as several food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, among others Clostridium tyrobutyricum, and is heat stable and active in a broad pH range. The invention further relates to the use of non-pathogenic microorganisms for producing macedocin in food fermentation processes, such as for preparing milk products, butter, cheese and fermented meat and vegetables, as well as in non-fermented food products such as raw meat, modified atmosphere-packed meat products, ready-to-eat meals, and canned food products, and its use for the preparation of functional starter cultures and cocultures.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3 are as defined and R4 groups are each independently selected from NR2, O and S; are of use in treatment of cancers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a newly isolated mutant culture of Actinoplanes teichomyceticus BNG 2315. This culture is capable of producing teicoplanin more than 60 times productivity than those reported before (e.g., Actinoplanes teichomyceticus nov. sp. ATCC 31121). The present invention also provides a fermentation process for the production of teicoplanin in an aerobic condition using the mutant strain Actinoplanes teichomyceticus BNG 2315 in a culture-medium comprising carbon sources, nitrogen sources and mineral salts.

Abstract: Agents for treating pain, methods for producing the agents and methods for treating pain by administration to a patient of a therapeutically effective amount of the agent. The agent can include a clostridial neurotoxin, or a component or fragment or derivative thereof, attached to a targeting moiety, wherein the targeting moiety is selected from a group consisting of transmission compounds which can be released from neurons upon the transmission of pain signals by the neurons, and compounds substantially similar to the transmission compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the fermentational production of biologically active materials, wherein a fermenter is located in an insulator which, in turn, is located within a working chamber or is adjacent to it. A pressure gradient in relation to ambient pressure prevails in both the insulator and in the working chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antibiotic substances of microbial origin, arbitrarily denominated antibiotic GE 81112 factor A, factor B1 and factor B, which is produced by fermentation of Streptomyces sp. DSMZ 14386, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions thereof, and their use as an antibacterial agent having inhibitory activity versus susceptible microbes.

Abstract: Depsipeptides and congeners thereof are disclosed having structure (I), wherein m, n, p, q, X, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein. These compounds, including FR901228, have activity as, for example, immunosuppressants, as well as for the prevention or treatment of patients suffering or at risk of suffering from inflammatory, autoimmune or immune system-related diseases including graft-versus-host disease and enhancement of graft/tissue survival following transplant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to genetically attenuated superantigen toxin vaccines altered such that superantigen attributes are absent, however the superantigen is effectively recognized and an appropriate immune response is produced. The attenuated superantigen toxins are shown to protect animals against challenge with wild type toxin. Methods of producing and using the altered superantigen toxins are described.

Abstract: This invention describes a new antibiotic, hereinafter designated as bushrin, having the formula C16H16O2, which is 7-(3-furyl)-3,7-dimethyl-7,8-dihydro-1-naphthalenol, its production method by fermentation, and the methods related to its recovery, concentration and purification from the crude solutions. The invention includes within its scope the agent in dilute form, as a crude concentrate, and in pure form. The invention also relates to the use of the compound according to the invention in antimicrobial compositions and as antiseptics or disinfectants.

Abstract: The present invention describes the development and standardization of a facile method for the isolation and purification of cyclosporin A from a new source, viz., Fusarium nivale and evaluation of its novel antifungal activity against the food spoilage Aspargellius strains and few dermatophytes.

Abstract: Macrolides particularly erythromycins and azithromycins, having O-mycaminosyl or O-angolosaminyl groups, particularly at the 5-position, are produced using a gene cassette comprising a combination of genes which, in an appropriate strain background, are able to direct the synthesis of mycaminose or angolosamine and to direct its subsequent transfer to an aglycone or pseudoaglycone. Synthetic genes may comprise one or more of angMIII, angMI, angB, angAI, angAII, angorf14, angorf4, tylMIII, tylMI, tylB, tylAI, tylAII, eryCVI, spnO, eryBVI, eryK, tyl Ia and ery G. Glycosyltransfer genes may comprise one or more of eryCIII, tylMII, angMII, desVII, eryBV, spnP and midI.

Abstract: The invention provides a nucleic acid molecule comprising at least a functional fragment of the viomycin biosynthetic gene cluster, functional proteins encoded by the cluster, expression cassettes and recombinant host cells comprising a functional fragment of the viomycin cluster, and methods for generating biologically active agents using the nucleic acid molecules of the present invention.

Abstract: Plants and crops subject to attack by fungal related diseases are protected or treated by the application of Pseudomycin compositions which were originally isolated from Pseudomonas syringae.