Abstract: A method for concentrating a mutant nucleic acid. In particular, the present method is capable of selectively separating and collecting a mutant nucleic acid from a sample including both the nucleic acid and the mutant nucleic acid. Also, an assay kit for nucleic acid concentration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a substantially pure thermostable DNA polymerase from Thermotoga (Tne and Tma) and mutants thereof. The Tne DNA polymerase has a molecular weight of about 100 kilodaltons and is more thermostable than Taq DNA polymerase. The mutant DNA polymerase has at least one mutation selected from the group consisting of (1) a first mutation that substantially reduces or eliminates 3'.fwdarw.5' exonuclease activity of said DNA polymerase; (2) a second mutation that substantially reduces or eliminates 5'.fwdarw.3' exonuclease activity of said DNA polymerase; (3) a third mutation in the O helix of said DNA polymerase resulting in said DNA polymerase becoming non-discriminating against dideoxynucleotides. The present invention also relates to the cloning and expression of the wild type or mutant DNA polymerases in E. coli, to DNA molecules containing the cloned gene, and to host cells which express said genes.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases associated with protein kinase C. Oligonucleotides are provided which are specifically hybridizable with a PKC gene or mRNA. Oligonucleotides specifically hybridizable with a particular PKC isozyme, set of isozymes or mRNA transcript are provided. Methods of treating conditions amenable to therapeutic intervention by modulating protein kinase C expression with an oligonucleotide specifically hybridizable with a PKC gene or mRNA are disclosed. Compositions and methods are provided for the treatment, detection and diagnosis of diseases associated with protein kinase C alpha and specific transcripts thereof. New nucleic acid sequences are provided which encode 3' untranslated regions of human protein kinase C alpha polynucleotide probes for PKC alpha are also disclosed.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of FADD. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding FADD. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of FADD expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of FADD are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the rapid and simple detection of mutations in DNA and differences between DNA sequences. This competitive oligonucleotide priming system can be used for the detection of any differences between DNA sequences for which a DNA sequence is known.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a sample for the presence or absence of multiple virus infections is disclosed. In one embodiment, this method comprises the step of evaluating a biological sample for nucleic acid sequences complementary to nucleotide primers and probes derived from the sequences of human parainfluenza virus 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus A and B and influenza virus, A and B. In another embodiment, the invention is an improved PCR method.

Abstract: This invention relates to the identification, cloning, sequencing and characterization of the embCAB operon which determines mycobacterial resistance to the antimycobacterial drug ethambutol. The embCAB operon encodes the proteins which are the target of action of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium leprae for ethambutol. The present invention provides purified and isolated embC, embA, and embB nucleic acids which comprise the embCAB operon, as well as mutated forms of these nucleic acids. The present invention also provides one or more single-stranded nucleic acid probes which specifically hybridize to the wild type embCAB operon or the mutated embCAB operon, and mixtures thereof, which may be formulated in kits, and used in the diagnosis of drug-resistant mycobacterial strain. The present invention also provides methods for the treatment and prevention of mycobacterial infections.

Abstract: This invention provides nucleic acid affinity matrices that bear a large number of different nucleic acid affinity ligands allowing the simultaneous selection and removal of a large number of preselected nucleic acids from the sample. Methods of producing such affinity matrices are also provided. In general the methods involve the steps of a) providing a nucleic acid amplification template array comprising a surface to which are attached at least 50 oligonucleotides having different nucleic acid sequences, and wherein each different oligonucleotide is localized in a predetermined region of said surface, the density of said oligonucleotides is greater than about 60 different oligonucleotides per 1 cm.sup.2, and all of said different oligonucleotides have an identical terminal 3' nucleic acid sequence and an identical terminal 5' nucleic acid sequence. b) amplifying said multiplicity of oligonucleotides to provide a pool of amplified nucleic acids; and c) attaching the pool of nucleic acids to a solid support.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of analyzing a nucleic acid in a target sample for variant alleles. In such methods, a first-labelled control sample and a second-labelled target sample are hybridized to at least one set of probes. The control sample comprises a homozygous reference allele. The target sample comprises the homozygous reference allele, or variant alleles differing from the reference allele at a locus, or one variant allele differing from the reference allele at the locus and one reference allele. The probes in the probe set span the locus and are complementary to the reference allele. After hybridization the intensity of first and second label bound to each probe in the set is measured. This information is then used to indicate the presence of one variant allele and one reference allele, or the presence of two variant alleles in the target sample.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides of the formula5'-(CAP)-(Oligo)-(CAP)-3'are disclosed where (oligo) is a nucleotide sequence of from 10 to 40 nucleotides in length, and CAP is G.sub.m, where m is an integer of from zero to ten, the two CAP's which are present in the molecule can be defined independently of each other and must be different in the case where m is zero at the 5' or 3' end and the end of the Oligo sequence is other than guanine. The oligonucleotides can be synthesized chemically. The oligonucleotides are used to diagnose or treat cancer, restenosis, a disease caused by a virus, a disease affected by integrins or cell-cell adhesion receptor or a disease triggered by diffusible factors.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cDNA from a mRNA using a reverse transcriptase wherein reverse transcription is performed at a temperature at which the mRNA does not take a secondary structure, for example, at a temperature of 45.degree. C. or more. The method is performed, for example, using a heat-labile reverse transcriptase in the presence of a substance exhibiting chaperone function having chaperone function such as saccharides. The method is performed, for example, in the presence of metal ions necessary for activation of the reverse transcriptase and a chelating agent for the metal ions such as a deoxynucleotide triphosphate. The method is capable of reverse transcription over the full length of mRNA template even if the mRNA is a long chain mRNA and, as a result, producing a full length cDNA.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of Smad3. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding Smad3. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of Smad3 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of Smad3 are provided.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of Smad1. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding Smad1. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of Smad1 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of Smad1 are provided.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of Smad4. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding Smad4. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of Smad4 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of Smad4 are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a newly-identified DNA sequence from Mycobacterium kansasii designated KATS2. Also disclosed are methods, oligonucleotide probes, amplification primers, and kits for the detection of M. kansasii nucleic acids. M. kansasii-specific methods, probes, amplification primers, and kits are preferred.

Abstract: A method for identifying translationally regulated genes includes selectively stimulating translation of an unknown target mRNA with a stress inducing element wherein the target mRNA is part of a larger sample of mRNA. The mRNA sample is divided into pools of translated and untranslated mRNA which are differentially analyzed to identify genes that are translationally regulated by the stress inducing element. A method for identifying gene sequences coding for internal ribosome entry sites includes inhibiting 5' cap-dependant mRNA translation in a cell, collecting a pool of mRNA from the cells, and differentially analyzing the pool of mRNA to identify genes with sequences coding for internal ribosome entry sites.

Abstract: The present invention provides a highly-efficient method for the selection and identification of insertional mutants. In the technique, a non-selective amplification is used to isolate a plurality of insertion events from a population of individuals comprising insertion mutations. Specific insertion events can then be identified from the population by the use of gene specific probes or primers. Through the identification of mutants for a particular gene, data may be obtained regarding the function and phenotypic effects of that gene, and thereby, the gene can be employed in the creation of novel biotechnological products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of nucleic acid immobilization, purification and detection and, more particularly, to boronic acid modified oligonucleotides and polynucleotides useful in bioconjugation reactions. The modified oligonucleotides and polynucleotides are useful in reactions for the immobilization and purification of macromolecules.

Abstract: An apparatus for placing at least one biological reagent at a plurality of locations on a substrate includes a stamp member onto which the at least one biological reagent is applied. The stamp member defines a plurality of transfer elements patterned to correspond to the plurality of locations. The stamp member contacts the substrate to transfer the at least one biological reagent from the plurality of transfer elements to the plurality of locations. The transfer elements can be defined by reservoirs or projected portions of the stamp member.

Abstract: Pseudo-operator sequences may be located in (or inserted into) plant genomes and utilized to drive expression of foreign genes. These pseudo-operator sequences are nucleotide sequences which are present at a suitable location in a gene at which repressor binding will lead to inhibitation or enhancement of gene expression. The disclosed technique permits the design of altered specificity repressors, which bind the pseudo-operators.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a substantially biologically pure culture strain of Aureobasidium pullulans from a wild type strain by enriching the collected strain for organisms which grow as fungal yeastlike cells, growing colonies from isolated yeastlike cells and selecting those yeastlike cells which exhibit reduced pigmentation. Biologically pure culture strains obtained by the invention as well as methods for producing pullulan having decreased pigmentation and/or increased molecular weight are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a human novel RAB protein (SRAB) and polynucleotides which identify and encode SRAB. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, agonists, antibodies, and antagonists. The invention also provides methods for treating disorders associated with expression of SRAB.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing highly purified compositions of nucleic acids by using tangential flow ultrafiltration. A scaleable process for producing pharmaceutical grade plasmid DNA, useful for gene therapy, is provided, which is efficient and avoids the use of toxic organic chemicals.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of Jun N-terminal Kinase Kinase-1. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding Jun N-terminal Kinase Kinase-1. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of Jun N-terminal Kinase Kinase-1 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of Jun N-terminal Kinase Kinase-1 are provided.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of EGR-1. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding EGR-1. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of EGR-1 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of EGR-1 are provided.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of Phospholipase A2 Group IV. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding Phospholipase A2 Group IV. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of Phospholipase A2 Group IV expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of Phospholipase A2 Group IV are provided.

Abstract: Compounds having structure (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is --H a protecting group, a linker or a binding partner; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.34 are as defined in the specification. The invention also provides intermediates and methods make the structure (1) compounds, as well as methods to use the compounds as labels in diagnostic assays and to enhance binding to complementary bases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the discovery of novel genes encoding Lipid Metabolic Pathway (LMP) polypeptides. Therapeutics, diagnostics and screening assays based on these molecules are also disclosed.

Abstract: A streamlined, hierarchical method for obtaining information about the allelic type of a sample of genetic material derived from an HIV-infected sample relies on the observation that 93-95% of the known mutational variants of the reverse transcriptase and protease genes of HIV-1 can be determined by evaluating the positions of the A and T nucleotides within the sample. Thus, a substantial fraction of all mutational variations can be unequivocally identified by performing two initial sequencing reactions on the sample in which only ddA and ddT are used as chain terminators. For the small fraction of samples which are not identifiable based on the positions of these two bases, a second test is performed in which the sequence is determined in the 3'-direction for all four bases. This test will identify substantially all of the remaining samples.

Abstract: Method and compositions are provided for the determination of telomere length and telomerase activity, as well as the ability to increase or decrease telomerase activity in the treatment of proliferative diseases. Particularly, primers are elongated under conditions which minimize interference from other genomic sequences, so as to obtain accurate determinations of telomeric length or telomerase activity. In addition, compositions are provided for intracellular inhibition of telomerase activity and means are shown for slowing or reversing the loss of telomeric repeats in aging cells.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of TNFR1. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding TNFR1. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of TNFR1 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of TNFR1 are provided.

Abstract: The invention encompasses a semi-automatic and/or automatic computer-aided technique for designing comprehensive DNA diagnostic tests for mutations in disease genes through searching for optimized conditions for PCR amplification and for optimal melting behavior in denaturing gradient gels and for optimal distribution in two-dimensional electrophoresis display of the mutational target fragments.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is newly-identified DNA sequence from Streptococcus agalactiae ("GBS") designated GBS3.1. Also disclosed are methods, oligonucleotide probes, amplification primers, and kits for the species-specific detection of S. agalactiae. Preferably, S. agalactiae is detected by amplifying the S. agalactiae nucleic acids using the disclosed amplification primers, and then detecting the amplified nucleic acids. In a more preferred embodiment, S. agalactiae nucleic acids are amplified and detected by thermophilic strand displacement amplification (tSDA).

Abstract: The invention relates to nucleic acid clamps and methods for using nucleic acid clamps, for example, to inhibit gene expression or cleavage, or to specifically cleave a target nucleic acid. Nucleic acid clamps are molecular devices which can bind nucleic acids with affinity and specificity and have a recognition sequence as small as seven bases. Nucleic acid clamps can be used to modify the effective recognition sequence of restriction endonucleases, reducing the frequency and enhancing the length of the recognition sequence, but without diminishing specificity. The invention also relates to methods for the use of nucleic acid clamps for the treatment of disorders involving abnormal gene expression.

Abstract: A chimeric bcl-2/IgH antisense transcript that hybridizes with the pre-mRNA of a hybrid gene in t(14;18) translocated cells.An ODN directed to complement any region of the above mentioned antisense transcript and the use thereof for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of cREL. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding cREL. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of cREL expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of cREL are provided.

Abstract: Method for detecing Campylobacter by PCR detection of DNA sequence, highly conserved between species lari, coli, jejuni and upsaliensis. Speciation between these four is possible as the PCR product is differentially cleaved by restriction endonucleases.

Abstract: The present invention provides polynucleotides and polypeptides encoded thereby of human Type 2 RNase H. Methods of using these polynucleotides and polypeptides in enhancing antisense oligonucleotide therapies are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for preparing nucleotide integrases are provided. The nucleotide integrases are prepared by combining in vitro an excised, group II intron RNA, referred to hereinafter as "exogenous RNA", with a group II intron-encoded protein. The exogenous RNA is prepared by in vitro transcription of a DNA molecule which comprises a group II intron sequence. In one embodiment, the group II intron-encoded protein is made by introducing into a host cell a DNA molecule that comprises at least the open reading frame sequence of a group II intron and then expressing the open reading frame sequence in the host cell. The DNA molecule may comprise the open reading frame sequence operably linked to a promoter, preferably an inducible promoter. Thereafter, the cell is fractionated and the protein is recovered and combined in vitro with the exogenous RNA to provide RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases or disorders amenable to treatment through modulation of expression of a nucleic acid encoding a lymphocyte function associated antigen 3 (LFA-3; also known as CD58) protein are provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a human growth-associated methyltransferase (GAMT) and polynucleotides which identify and encode GAMT. The invention also provides expression vectors, host cells, antibodies, agonists, and antagonists. The invention also provides methods for treating or preventing disorders associated with expression of GAMT.

Abstract: cDNAs were synthesized from the mRNA isolated from the mantle epithelial tissue of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) using reverse transcriptase and joined to a vector to give a cDNA library. A cDNA inserted in this cDNA library was caused to be expressed in Escherichia coli, for instance, to give a polypeptide corresponding to said cDNA. This polypeptide serves as a novel ingredient of cosmetic compositions, for instance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and test kits for the amplification and detection of nucleic acids from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and/or type 2. The methods use multiple primer sets to amplify all subtypes of HIV-1, including group M and group O isolates, and all subtypes of HIV-2.

Abstract: The disclosure describes new compositions of matter that are analogs of DNA and RNA containing heterocyclic bases that can form base pairs that fit the Watson-Crick geometry in that they involve a monocyclic six membered ring pairing with a fused bicyclic heterocyclic ring system composed of a five member ring fused with a six membered ring, with the orientation of the heterocycles with respect to each other and with respect to the backbone chain analogous to that found in DNA and RNA, but where these base pairs are joined by a pattern of hydrogen bonds different from that found in the AT and GC base pairs (a "non-standard base pair").

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of RNA or DNA polymerases having 3'-intrinsic editing activity (3'-IEA) in the presence or absence of a deactivating agent to remove a protecting group from the 3'-position of oligo- polyribo- or deoxyribonnucleotides. The use is connected with the incorporation of dNTPs into DNA templates in order to determine the concentration and/or sequence of said templates. In particular the use is concerned with an improved non gel-based sequencing method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to means for the detection and characterization of nucleic acid sequences, as well as variations in nucleic acid sequences. The present invention also relates to methods for forming a nucleic acid cleavage structure on a target sequence and cleaving the nucleic acid cleavage structure in a site-specific manner. The 5' nuclease activity of a variety of enzymes is used to cleave the target-dependent cleavage structure, thereby indicating the presence of specific nucleic acid sequences or specific variations thereof. The present invention further relates to methods and devices for the separation of nucleic acid molecules based by charge.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of novel anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related proteins. Antisense oligonucleotides targeted to nucleic acids encoding the human novel anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related proteins A1 and mcl-1 are preferred. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of novel anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related protein expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of novel anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related proteins are also provided. Also provided are methods of using these compounds for promoting apoptosis and for treatment of diseases for which promotion of apoptosis is desired.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nucleic acid sequence isolated from C. coli which hybridizes specifically with the genomic nucleic acid of strains belonging to the species C. coli and which does not hybridize under the usual conditions with the nucleic acids of campylobacteria which do not belong to this species, nor with the genomic nucleic acids of bacteria related to the genus Campylobacter.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of G-alpha-12. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding G-alpha-12. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of G-alpha-12 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of G-alpha-12 are provided.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a novel process for directly producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from chitin. More particularly, this invention pertains to a novel process for producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine utilizing an ensemble of the chitinase family of enzymes to hydrolyze chitin of crustacea shells. The invention includes a process for producing N-acetyl-D-glucosamine by enzymatically hydrolyzing chitin with an ensemble of chitinolytic enzymes, including chitinase and chitobiase. In particular, using a two-stage chitin-hydrolysis reactor.